Educación sexual, conocimiento de ITS y conductas protectoras/de riesgo en personas entre 18 y 30 años

Introducción: Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) se adquieren principalmente por el contacto sexual y pueden afectar a personas de cualquier edad, sin embargo los adolescentes son el grupo etario más afectado, por tanto es probable que sus conductas sean más de riesgo que protectoras. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la relación entre el nivel de educación sexual y el conocimiento sobre ITS y las conductas de riesgo y protectoras en los jóvenes. Método: Investigación de diseño analítico, estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal con datos de tipo cuantitativos, con una muestra de 130 hombres y mujeres, considerando 10 personas por edad desde los 18 a los 30 años. Resultados: No existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la educación sexual y las conductas de riesgo y/o protectores (p > 0,05), ni tampoco entre la educación sexual y el uso del preservativo, tanto interno como externo (p > 0,05). Conclusión: A pesar de tener educación sexual, no todas las personas utilizan de forma frecuente los anticonceptivos de barrera y principalmente es sorprendente el poco uso del condón de vagina en la población en general, siendo las personas de orientación heterosexual las que lo utilizan menos.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly acquired through sexual contact and can affect people of any age; however, adolescents are the most affected age group, therefore, it is likely that their behaviors are more risky than protective. Objective: The objective of the research is to determine the relationship between the level of sexual education and knowledge about STIs and risk and protective behaviors in young people. Method: Analytical design research, descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative data, with a sample of 130 men and women, considering 10 people by age from 18 to 30 years. Results: There is no statistically significant relationship between sexual education and risk and/or protective behaviors (p > 0.05) nor between sexual education and condom use, both internal and external (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Despite having sexual education, not all people use frequently barrier contraceptives and, mainly, the little use of the vaginal condom in the general population is surprising, with people of heterosexual orientation being those that use it less.

Psychosocial characteristics pattern correlated with HIV-related risky sexual behavior among HIV-negative men who have sex with men: a latent profile analysis

BACKGROUND@#Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become a high risk population of HIV infection due to their risky sexual behaviors. The latent pattern of psychosocial characteristics plays an important effect in HIV-related risky behaviors among HIV-negative MSM.@*METHOD@#Participants were recruited from Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha city from September 2017 to January 2018. Social support was assessed by the multidimensional scale of social support, Connor-Davidson Resilience scale-10 items for reliance, the assessment of Stigma towards Homosexuality for sexual minority stigma, the Likert subscale of nondisclosure for identity concealment, the ACE questionnaire-Kaiser-CDC for adverse childhood experience, the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for depression. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#Three psychosocial characteristic patterns were revealed by the LPA. "Social support and resilience group" (SR group), "Identity concealment group" (IC group) and "Adverse childhood experience" (ACE group) were identified, respectively. In comparison with "SR group", "IC group" have a higher likelihood of one-night male partners (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI = [1.54, 4.90]), both fixed and one-night male partners (AOR = 2.01, 95%CI = [1.34, 3.01]) and HIV-unsure male partner (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = [1.44, 3.13]). Similarly, "ACE group" were more likely having inconsistent condom use (AOR = 2.58, 95%CI = [1.41, 4.73]), and having sex with HIV-positive male partner (AOR = 4.90, 95%CI = [1.95, 12.30]) with comparison of "SR group". In addition, we further revealed that "ACE group" had a higher ratio (90.0%) of inconsistent condom use among MSM whose male partners were HIV-positive.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Six important psychosocial factors were divided into three latent pattern classes. Compared with "SR group", "IC group" and "ACE group" were more likely to engage in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors. Further research may pay more attention to "IC group" and "ACE group" for targeted intervention.

Mediaciones parentales y uso de internet por niños, niñas y adolescentes colombianos / Parental mediations and internet use by colombian children and adolescents

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio correlacional sobre los controles y las mediaciones parentales frente al uso de internet por niños, niñas y adolescentes colombianos. Se trata de la encuesta EU Kids Online que fue aplicada en el año 2010 en 25 países europeos y, posteriormente, en Brasil en 2013 y en Chile en 2016. En el presente estudio, le encuesta fue adaptada y validada para la población colombiana mediante un panel de expertos y entrevistas cognitivas a usuarios. Se conformó una muestra estratificada y no probabilística de 303 estudiantes de ambos sexos de colegios públicos y privados, con edades entre 9 y 17 años y uno de sus padres o cuidadores, habitantes de 11 ciudades del país, quienes respondieron a los tres instrumentos de KidsOnline, una encuesta autoaplicada, otra dirigida a los estudiantes, y una tercera dirigida a los padres o cuidadores. Los resultados muestran relaciones entre el control parental y un menor tiempo de conexión a internet por parte de los hijos: el control del padre está relacionado con menor presencia de conductas adictivas a internet y al celular y, por el contrario, una relación autoritaria con la madre está relacionada con mayor presencia de conductas de riesgo en los hijos y específicamente, en el uso de internet. Además, las habilidades digitales de los padres son las que mejor están asociadas con una mediación activa, que los involucra más en las actividades digitales de sus hijos.

Abstract Nowadays, parents must develop strategies to accompany their children in the use of digital technologies. The reason for this is that the internet is a social space. Online life offers possibilities for individual and social development, but it also promotes the emergence of new risks such as sexting, cyberbullying, and cyber dependence. There are two ways parents can guide their children: parental mediation and parental control. Parental mediation is the set of actions that parents take to manage the use and consumption of the media by their sons and daughters. There are three types of parental mediation: restrictive mediation, permissive mediation, and active mediation. In this context, this research aims to correlate mediation and parental control strategies with their use of the internet for children and adolescents. The EU Kids Online survey was used to achieve this goal. This questionnaire was adapted for the Colombian population through expert review and cognitive validation to children and adolescents in Medellin, Cali, and Cartagena (Colombia). The adaptation followed the procedures and standards of Kids Online Brasil and Kids Online Chile. The stratified and non-probabilistic sample consisted of 303 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years from ten cities in Colombia. The results indicate that the more parental control, the shorter the child connection time. Whether it's behavioral or psychological control. While the greater the psychological control of the mother, the greater the presence of addictive behaviors of children and adolescents to the internet and cell phone. Besides, the more psychological control of the mother, the more risky behaviors the children assume. Conversely, if the mother performs greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. Also, restrictive control of internet use has a higher relationship with a lower presence of general risk behaviors and lower risks assumed by children on the internet. This was also related to high rates of restrictive mediation by parents. As conclusions, it is possible to say that any type of control that parents exercise over their children's use of the internet (restrictive, co-visioned or technical) is related to shorter connection time and less cell phone addiction. Besides, a conflicting relationship with the mother increases the addictive behaviors of the internet and the smartphone. Especially when the kind of control the mother exerts is psychological. Whereas, if the mother exerts greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. This research could serve as the basis for the design and implementation of psychoeducational training programs for parents and caregivers aimed at developing effective parental mediation skills and strategies to guide children and adolescents in their use of digital technologies. Also, the findings of this study could lay the scientific basis for the presentation of social projects that impact public policies on the responsible and healthy use of the internet. Moreover, when Colombia has a Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies and media outreach strategies on ICT care. Finally, researches done in psychology about this topic are limited in Latin America. For this reason, the findings of this work are a significant step forward on the explanation of ITC use in the region from a disciplinary point of view. This article seeks to encourage researchers to continue to advance their knowledge of the relationships between parental mediation and the use of the internet by children and adolescents.

Health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with high functioning autism / 中国实用儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with High Functioning Autism(HFA). METHODS: Fifty adolescents aged 12-18 years,IQ≥70 and meeting the criteria of autistic disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ),and 50 age-and gendermatched healthy controls were recruited. The health-related risky behaviors of all subjects were assessed with the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory(AHRBI). The parents of autistic subjects completed the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory for Parent(AHRBI-P). RESULTS: HFA group had higher total scale score and four subscales' scores of AHRBI than controls,including Suicide and Self-Injury(SS),HealthCompromising Behavior(HCB),Aggression and Violence(AV)and Rule Breaking(RB)(all P<0.05). HFA group had higher scores than controls in the items of "Bullying/Threatening/Intimidating partner", "Deliberately pushing and shoving others", "Not drinking milk/soy milk", "Not participating in any form of physical activity", "Skiping class/Playing truant", "Running away from home", "Biting/Scratching/Bumping to hurt oneself"(all P<0.05). Among all the subscales and items,the scores of HCB,SS, "Not drinking milk/soy milk", "Physical discomfort due to dieting", "Fighting and Arms-taking" and "Drinking" of self-assessment in HFA group were higher than those of parents' assessment(all P<0.05]. CONCLUSION: The adolescents with HFA have more health-related risky behaviors than the healthy adolescents except for Smoking and Drinking(SD)and Unprotected sex(US).

Health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with high functioning autism / 中国实用儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with High Functioning Autism(HFA). METHODS: Fifty adolescents aged 12-18 years,IQ≥70 and meeting the criteria of autistic disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalD isorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)and 50 age-and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. The health-related risky behaviors of all subjects were assessed with the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory(AHRBI). The parents of autistic subjects completed the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory for Paren(tAHRBI-P). RESULTS: HFA group had higher total scale score and four subscales' scores of AHRBI than controls,including Suicide and Self-Injury(SS),Health-Compromising Behavior(HCB),Aggression and Violence(AV)and Rule Breaking(RB)[e.g. Total Scores,49.5(39,81)vs. 47(38,60),P<0.05;SS scores,7(5,18)vs. 5(5,12),P<0.05]. HFA group had higher scores in the items of "Bully/Threaten/Intimidate partner", "Deliberately pushing and shoving others", "Do not drink milk/soy milk", "Do not participate in any form of physical activity", "Skip Class/Play truant", "Run away from home", "Bite/Scratch/Bump to hurt oneself" than controls[e.g. the scores of the item "Bully/Threaten/Intimidate partner",1(1,5)vs. 1(1,3),P<0.05]. Among all the subscales and items,the scores of HCB,SS, "Do not drink milk/soy milk", "Physical discomfort due to dieting", "Fighting and Arms-taking" and "Drinking" of selfassessment in HFA group were higher than those of parents' assessment[e.g. HCB scores,8(8,18)vs. 7(5,13),P<0.05]. CONCLUSION: The adolescents with HFA have more health-related risky behaviors than the healthy adolescents except for Smoking and Drinking(SD)and Unprotected Sex(US).

A survey on high-risk behaviors and HIV infection among men having sex with men who use drugs in Tianjin in 2016 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors and HIV infectious status among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use drugs in Tianjin in 2016.@*Methods@#From April to December in 2016, MSM who use drugs in Tianjin were targetedly and extensively mobilized to receive testing by snowball sampling method. The inclusion criteria were as follows: men aged 18 years old and above; have had oral or anal sex with men in the last 6 months; have had drug abuse history in the last 6 months, including the use of rush poppers, 5-Methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT), and Methamphetamine Synthesis substances; and with no mental disorder or mental deficiency. In this study, 302 MSMs were recruited to collect information of social demographic characteristics, drug abuse situation, sexual behavior after drug use, HIV test and the infectious status was collected through the online questionnaire, and the descriptive analysis was conducted.@*Results@#From January to December 2016, a total of 302 subjects were recruited, among whom 194 (64.2%) aged 21-30 years old, 223 (73.8%) were unmarried and 28 (9.3%) were students. In the past 6 months, 297 (98.3%) used rush poppers, 31 (10.3%) used 5-MeO-DiPT, and 14(4.6%) used Methamphetamine Synthesis substances. The proportion of having sex after using the three types of drugs were 87.9% (n=261), 83.9% (n=26) and 92.9% (n=13), 85.5% (n=254), 87.1% (n=27) and 92.9% (n=13) of the subjects reported the sexual pleasure and sexual desire increased after using drugs, respectively. After using the three types of the drugs,58.6% (n=174), 83.9% (n=26) and 92.9% (n=13) of the subjects reported the duration of each sexual activity prolonged. In the past 3 months,48.3% (n=146) had stable sexual partners, 72.5% (n=219) had temporary sexual partners and 12.3% (n=37) had group sexual behaviors. 41 out of 302 subjects were HIV positive with the HIV positive rate at 13.6%.@*Conclusion@#Most of the MSM who use drugs were young, and always had sex when they use drugs. There is a relatively high HIV prevalence in this population.

Health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with bipolar disorder.Methods:Fifty adolescents aged 12 -18 years,fulfilled the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)criteria for bipolar disorder(29 in depressive state, 19 in manic state,and 2 in mixed state)and 100 healthy-matched controls were recruited.Their health-related risky behaviors were assessed using the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI) and the Questionnaire for Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory for Parent (AHRBI-P).Results:The bipolar group had higher AHRBI scores in the total scale and six subscales than controls,including Aggression and Violence (AV),Health-Compromising Behavior (HCB),Rule Breaking (RB),Unprotected Sex (US),Self-injury and Suicide (SS),and Smoking and Drinking(SD)[Total scores,55.5(38,119)vs.46(38,65);P <0.05].Besides, the scores of 26 items of bipolar group were all higher than controls(Ps <0.05).The scores in the total scale and six subscales had no difference between AHRBI and AHRBI-P.According to the partial correlation analysis (de-pressive state =0;manic state =1),the AHRBI and AHRBI-P scores of Self-injury and Suicide subscale were nega-tively associated with the episode state (r =-0.32,-0.33;Ps <0.05).The AHRBI scores of'destroy properties'which belongs to the Aggression and Violence subscale were positively associated with the episode state (r =0.32, P <0.05).Conclusion:The adolescents with bipolar disorder have more health-related risky behaviors than the healthy adolescents.The depressive patients have higher risk of suicide.While,the risky behavior of destroying properties tend to occur among the manic patients.

Prática de parapente e comportamentos de risco: uma análise a partir do conceito de redoma sensorial / Practice of paraglider and risky behaviors: an analysis starting from the concept of sensorial dome / Practica del paraglider y comportamientos de riesgo: un análisis a partir del concepto de redoma sensorial

Este estudo analisa, a partir do conceito de redoma sensorial (Almeida, 2008), aspectos que permeiam a atuação dos praticantes da modalidade parapente. Foi possível verificar, através de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, que o domínio da técnica e o uso de equipamentos adequados, apesar de imprescindíveis, não garantem o êxito desses atores. Muitas vezes as situações de risco vivenciadas agregam, num primeiro momento, um verdadeiro arcabouço de elementos sensoriais extraordinários, porém vivências diárias numa dada modalidade podem levar à banalização desses elementos por parte do praticante, transformando-se em elementos sensoriais ordinários. Na prática de modalidades de esporte de aventura tal transformação poderá influir negativamente, por exemplo, na manutenção da integridade física e emocional do praticante.

This study analyzes, starting from the concept of sensorial dome (Almeida, 2008), aspects that permeate the practice of the paraglide sport. It was possible to verify through a descriptive and exploratory search, that the mastery of technique and the use of appropriate equipment, though essential, does not guarantee the success of these actors. Many times, the risky situations experienced in the adventure sport, join at a first moment a true outline of extraordinary sensorial elements, but the daily living observed in a given modality can lead to the banalization of those elements by the practitioner, becoming ordinary sensory elements. This transformation can present implications when practicing adventure sports, for instance, in maintaining the physical and emotional integrity of the practitioner.

Este estudio analiza, a partir del concepto de redoma sensorial (Almeida, 2008), aspectos que permite la práctica de las diferentes modalidades del deporte de aventura. Fue posible verificar a partir de una investigación exploratoria descriptiva, el campo de la tecnología y utilizar el equipo adecuado, aunque no es esencial garantizar el éxito de estos actores que las situaciones de riesgo, vividas por el practicante en las diferentes modalidades que componen el deporte de aventura, agregan en un inicio una verdadera gama de elementos sensoriales extraordinarios. Sin embargo, las vivencias diarias observadas en determinada modalidad pueden conducir a la vulgarización de estos elementos por parte del practicante, transformándose en elementos sensoriales ordinarios. Tal transformación podrá presentar implicaciones en la práctica de las modalidades del deporte de aventura en el medio natural como, por ejemplo, la integridad física y emocional del practicante.

Study on factors in frequency and degree of risky behaviors in adolescents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the factors in frequency and degree of risk behavior in adolescents,as well find the way to cope with adolescent mental health. Methods 1369 middle students and college students were measured by Risky Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents (RBQ-A) ,and analyzed the data. Results (1) There were statistically significant among the different age in difference of risky behaviors except aggressive and/or violent behaviors. Males scored higher than females in unsafe sexual practices, aggressive and/or violent behaviors, dangerous,destructive,and/or illegal behaviors,alcohol and/or drug use and smoking(P<0.05 orP<0.01). Students in city scored higher than rural students in dangerous,destructive,and/or illegal behaviors and alcohol and/or drug use(P<0.05 or P< 0.01). Families with high income scored higher than low income in unsafe sexual practices and rule breaking(P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Families with low income scored higher than high income residences in dangerous,destructive,and/or illegal behaviors and alcohol and/or drug use(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) The significant differences were existed in unsafe sexual practices,aggressive and/or violent behaviors,dangerous, destructive,and/or illegal behaviors,alcohol and/or drug use and smoking between males and females (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The significant differences were existed in dangerous,destructive,and/or illegal behaviors and alcohol and/or drug use between groups of 16 years old and 14 ～ 15 years old (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). The significant differences were existed in dangerous,destructive,and/or illegal behaviors between urban and rural students (P< 0.05 orP<0.01).The significant differences were existed in total scores in gender and urban and rural(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The significant differences are existed in rate of risky behaviors in gender,age,urban and rural. But there is different degree existed in it.