La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor del residente de Medicina General Integral / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Definir la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor en la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental de enero a diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron la base de datos Pubmed y la biblioteca científica electrónica SciELO, así como el buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Desarrollo: Se identificaron regularidades entre los autores de la comunidad científica de la Educación Avanzada: proceso vinculado con los objetos de la pedagogía desde la actuación y el comportamiento de los especialistas con funciones docentes como tutores; se realiza a partir del cumplimiento de los objetivos y métodos propios de su contenido de trabajo; se refiere a ejercer las actividades con cuidado, precisión, exactitud, profundidad, originalidad y rapidez, y está asociado con el proceso de profesionalización. Conclusiones: Se definió la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral como un proceso sistemático, continuo y flexible que permite comprobar, medir y valorar el cumplimiento de las funciones, acciones y tareas que se expresan en el modo de actuación profesional del tutor desde lo relacionado con el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, en correspondencia con las exigencias actuales en el contexto de la educación en el trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educational process. Objective: To define the evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January to December 2020. Database Pubmed, the scientific electronic library SciELO, and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles, and Web sites published less than 10 years ago in both Spanish and English that made reference to the topic through the title were evaluated. Development: Regularities among authors from the scientific community in Advanced Education were identified: process related to the objects of pedagogy from the action and behavior of specialists with the teaching roles of tutors, which starts from the fulfillment of the objectives and own methods of the work content, and refers to undertake the activities carefully to ensure precision, accuracy, depth, originality, and speed all of which is associated with the professionalization process. Conclusions: The evaluation of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine is defined as a systematic, continuous, and flexible process that allows to check, measure, and evaluate the fulfillment of the functions, actions, and tasks expressed in the professional performance of the tutor from knowing, knowing how to do, and knowing how to be in accordance with the current requirements within the context of in-service training(AU)

Influencias de factores estructurales y de desarrollo sobre el funcionamiento familiar

Objective: To assess the influence of structural and developmental factors on family functioning. Material and Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study with 200 individuals from 100 Brazilian families. Data were collected with the instrument The Assessment of Strategies in Family-Effectiveness (ASF-E/Brasil); a form to characterize the participants, to identify the roles, the development cycle and a field diary to describe family arrangements. For analysis, data were evaluated for simple frequency, means and Spearman correlation coefficient (p) (p 50.0% and the predominant role was that of mother. More than 75.0% families were in more than one development cycle, with a predominance of the phase of "launching" their children. The cycle with the best mean value of effectiveness in family functioning was "Family with preschool children (older child between 30 months and 6 years old)". There was a significant correlation between all the arrangements and there was no correlation between roles and development cycles with the effectiveness of family functioning. Conclusions: The structural, developmental and functional assessment of the family showed the influence of the arrangements on family functioning.

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de factores estructurales y de desarrollo en el funcionamiento familiar. Material y Método: Estudio analítico transversal con 200 individuos de 100 familias brasileñas. Los datos fueron recolectados con el instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); se aplicó un formulario para caracterizar a los participantes, identificar los roles, el ciclo de desarrollo y se usó un diario de campo para describir los arreglos familiares. Para el análisis, se evaluaron los datos con frecuencia simple, medias y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% y el papel predominante fue el de madre. Más del 75,0% de las familias se encontraban en más de un ciclo de desarrollo, con un predominio de la fase de "lanzamiento" de los hijos. El ciclo con el mejor valor medio de efectividad en el funcionamiento familiar fue "Familia con niños en edad preescolar (niños mayores entre 30 meses y 6 años)". Hubo una correlación significativa entre todos los arreglos y no hubo correlación entre los roles y los ciclos de desarrollo con la efectividad del funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones: La evaluación estructural, de desarrollo y funcional de la familia mostró la influencia de los arreglos en el funcionamiento familiar.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de fatores estruturais e de desenvolvimento no funcionamento familiar. Material e Método: Estudo analítico transversal com 200 indivíduos de 100 famílias brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados com o instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); um formulário para caracterizar os participantes, identificar os papéis, o ciclo de desenvolvimento e um diário de campo para descrever os arranjos familiares. Para a análise, foram avaliados os dados de frequência simples, médias e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% e o papel predominante foi o da mãe. Mais de 75,0% das famílias estavam em mais de um ciclo de desenvolvimento, com predomínio da fase de "lançamento" dos filhos. O ciclo com melhor valor médio de eficácia no funcionamento familiar foi "Família com filhos em idade pré-escolar (filhos mais velhos entre 30 meses e 6 anos)". Houve uma correlação significativa entre todos os arranjos e não houve correlação entre papéis e ciclos de desenvolvimento com a eficácia do funcionamento familiar. Conclusões: A avaliação estrutural, de desenvolvimento e funcional da família mostrou a influência dos arranjos no funcionamento familiar.

A relação entre ansiedade e depressão e a perda dos papéis ocupacionais de pacientes com lesão medular / The relation between anxiety and depression and the loss of the occupational roles of patients with spinal cord injury

O estudo objetivou analisar sintomas ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com lesão medular e investigar sua correlação com a incidência da perda dos papéis ocupacionais, bem como as estratégias adotadas por profissionais da saúde para a promoção de saúde mental a essa população. Trata-se de um estudo correlacional de corte transversal, com abordagem predominantemente quantitativa, sendo uma etapa qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Ficha de Identificação; Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB); Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE); Critério de Classificação Econômica do Brasil (CCEB); Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais (LIPO); e entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Domiciliar (SAD). Participaram do estudo 30 pacientes com lesão medular traumática atendidos no referido serviço, de ambos os sexos, entre 19 anos e 72 anos de idade, e 10 profissionais da saúde do SAD. Para a análise estatística da etapa quantitativa, utilizou-se o programa IBM SPSS Statistic versão 25, e na etapa qualitativa, a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados identificaram média de escores de sintomas de ansiedade média e depressão leve/moderada entre os participantes, sendo que a variável significantemente associada à depressão foi apenas o estado civil; já a variável associada à ansiedadeestado foi o apoio familiar, e à ansiedade-traço, as atividades de autocuidado. Os papéis que sofreram mais perdas foram os de trabalhador e passatempo/amador, e aqueles considerados menos importantes, de estudante e participação em organizações. Importância maior foi atribuída pelos participantes aos papéis de membro da família, amigo, trabalhador e religioso, sendo os dois primeiros os mais desempenhados no passado, presente e com pretensão no futuro. Identificou-se relação entre ansiedade e depressão e perdas de papéis ocupacionais, de modo que aqueles que vivenciaram mais perdas apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, e aqueles que continuaram exercendo mais papéis após a lesão apresentaram menos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Os resultados da etapa qualitativa e referentes às entrevistas com os profissionais evidenciaram a construção de sete categorias analíticas e 12 categorias empíricas. A análise das categorias permitiu verificar que as estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde para a promoção de saúde mental a essa população ainda se encontram limitadas, dada a ausência de serviços especializados e o difícil encaminhamento para profissionais da área. Além disso, a falta de posturas sociais mais benevolentes para com essa população acentua a dificuldade de assegurar acessibilidade e oportunidades mais igualitárias a essas pessoas. Considera-se necessário conferir maior atenção à associação de doenças físicas a quadros psiquiátricos, visto que perder ou resgatar um papel desempenhado anteriormente pode não estar relacionado apenas à disfunção física, mas também a um quadro psíquico

The study´s aim was to analyze anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with spinal cord injury, their correlation with the incidence of the loss of occupational roles and what was the exist strategies of health professionals to promote their mental health. This research is based on the correlation between cross-section and a quantitative approach predominantly, this being a qualitative stage. The instruments used for evaluation were: Identification Card; Beck Depression Inventory (IDB); TraitState Anxiety Inventory (IDATE); Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB); Identification List of the Occupational Roles (LIPO) and semi-structured interview with the of the Home Care Service´s professionals (SAD). A total of 30 subjects with traumatic spinal cord injury, had participated, both male and female, aged 19 years and 72 years, attended by SAD, and also 10 health service professionals in the study. For the statistical analysis the quantitative´s stage, the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 program was used, in the qualitative step the Bardin Content Analysis was used. The results has identified a average symptoms of medium anxiety and mild to moderate depression scores among participants, in which the variable significantly associated with depression was related only the marital status; the variable associated with anxiety-state was correlated with family support and the anxiety-trait self-care with activities. The roles who suffered the most losses were the roles of worker and hobbyist /amateur. The roles who was considered less important were student and participation in organizations; the most important roles were family member, friend, worker and religious, the first two were the ones most played in the past, present and as a future ambition. We had identify the connexion between anxiety and depression with occupational roles´s loss, in which those who had with more losses they showed more anxiety and depression symptoms and those who continued to have varied roles after the injury presented fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. According with the results of the qualitative stage, relative to the interviews with the professionals, seven analytical categories were found and 12 empirical categories were deployed. The analysis of the categories has allowed to verify that the strategies for the mental health´s promotion in this population are limited yet, since, there are not specialized services and the referencing to area specialty professional is difficult to access, besides, the lack of social attitudes to benefit this population which corroborate the with the difficulty in their accessibility and opportunities. More attention are needed regarding the association of physical diseases with psychiatric conditions, since the loss of a role played or the recovery of it, may not be related only to physical dysfunction, but also to psychic dysfunction

Opinión de los gerentes medios en enfermería, sobre los elementos intervinientes en el desempeño de su rol / the opinion of nursing mid-management on the aspects they face in the performance of their role

Los resultados de los procesos operativos son el producto de las actuaciones de las personas por una parte y de la estructura organizacional por la otra, de allí que los esfuerzos deben ir en ambas direcciones de manera armónica, inteligente, de aplicación de técnicas acertadas y responsabilidad. Los Gerentes Medios en Enfermería (GME), constituyen el vínculo entre gerentes de enfermería y profesionales de enfermería que están bajo su mando, caracterizado por un hilo conductor apropiado y una respuesta afectiva, voluntaria que indica un gran compromiso de la gestión. Es importante tener presente que existen factores que dentro de su actuación son reconocidos por ellos como condicionantes de los comportamientos que asumen durante el desempeño del rol. Las organizaciones deben adaptarse a las nuevas realidades, ajustándose apropiadamente a su manera de actuar y la gerencia, como motor conductor de los procesos de producción, está llamada a introducir los cambios necesarios, en un clima de compromiso general. En la investigación se solicitó la opinión de los GME con el objetivo de establecer los elementos administrativos y profesionales que intervienen en el desempeño del rol de los Gerentes Medios en Enfermería, en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas, mediante un trabajo de campo que permitió establecer las relaciones; en primer lugar con Elementos administrativos tales como el apoyo institucional y las oportunidades de desarrollo y en segundo lugar con los Elementos Profesionales relacionados con las Características Intelectuales, Elementos Prácticos, Servicio a la Sociedad y Autonomía. Los GME consideran, que los elementos administrativos y profesionales estudiados, intervienen en porcentajes superiores al 70%.(AU)

The results of operational processes are the product of the actions of people on the one hand and the organizational structure on the other; hence efforts should go both ways in a harmonious, smart manner; with the successful application of techniques and accountability. Media Managers Nursing (GME) are the link between nurse managers and nurses who are under his command, characterized by an appropriate thread and an affective, voluntary response indicating a strong commitment of management. It is important to note that there are factors in its performance are recognized by them as determinants of behaviors that take over the role performance. Organization must adapt to new realities, appropriately adjusting to their ways and management, as drive motor production processes, is called to make the necessary changes, in a climate of general commitment researching the views of GME whit the aim of establishing administrative and professional elements involved in performing the role of Middle Managers in nursing at the University Hospital of Caracas, through a fieldwork that allowed to establish the relationships; first with administrative items such as institutional support and development opportunities and secondly with Professional Autonomy elements related to Intellectual, Practical Elements, Service to the Society. The GME consider that the administrative and professional elements studied, are involved in percentages above 70%(AU)

Effect of Workplace Health Manager's Role Performance on Presenteeism in the Workers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the performance of Workplace Health Manager at the workplace on presenteeism in the workers. METHODS: Three months before this study, between June 2010 and September 2010, a self-reporting survey of 316 employees in 136 workplaces in each of each hired a Workplace Health Manager was performed at their workplace with explanations of the purpose and methods of this study after their consent was obtained. RESULTS: The average performance score of the Workplace Health Manager as graded by the employees was 3.8 out of 5 points. The duties of the Workplace Health Manager which received higher grades were posting of the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), health education, and future management with respect to the results and procedure of health care-related work. According to the employees' survey, the score for presenteeism was evaluated as 14.3 out of 30 points. Based on the presenteeism analysis results, when (1) the employee was a male, (2) the workplace was established and managed by Industry Safety and Health Committee, (3) the employees were aware of the role of Workplace Health Managers, and (4) Workplace Health Manager fulfilled his/her role actively and successfully, presenteeism was observed to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, presenteeism was observed to a lesser extent when the Workplace Health Manager actively performed his/her role.

Effect of Planned Nursing Intervention on the Stress, the Maternal Role Strain, and the Maternal Role Performance of Mothers of Premature Infants / 아동간호학회지

The birth of a premature infant is distressing for its parents. The parents of a premature infant experience stress according to the infant's physical appearance and behavior, the environment of the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), and the alteration in the parental role. Especially, a mother of a premature infant feels distressed even after the discharge of the infant : therefore, she has difficulties in maternal role performance. The main purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the planned infant care information program, in order to lower the stress level for mothers of premature infants caused by the birth and hospitalization in NICU of premature infants, to reduce the maternal role strain, and to promote the maternal role performance after the infants' discharge. This study employed two methods of research at the same time : quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre and post test to compare ; non-equivalent post test to compare. The total number of subjects was 19 who were assigned to the research program : 12 mothers of premature infants at the NICU at the Ch university hospital and 7 at the NICU at the Y general hospital located in Chounju city. The data were collected for 79 days from August 18 to November 5, 1998. The questionnaire method was applied for the data collection, and the measures used in this study were Parental Stressor Scale : NICU(Miles, 1993), the Maternal Role Strain Measures(Hobbs, 1968 ; Steffensmeier, 1982), and Self Confidence Scale (Pharis, 1978). Research procedure is as follows : after preliminary examination, the experimental subjects, the mothers of premature infants at the NICU at Ch university hospital were provided with slide films and information developed by the researcher based on existing documents and data. It took two 60-minute sessions a week for two weeks, and the mothers' stress level was measured using the same instrument twice one week and two week after the infants' hospitalization. The stress level of the contrast subjects, the mothers at Y general hospital was measured during the same period. The experimental subjects were provided with booklets on matters that require attention after the infants' discharge and on developmental project, and they were educated to play the maternal role in person for 2-3 hours a week : breast-feeding, burping a baby, and changing diapers. One week after the infants' discharge, the maternal role strain and the maternal role performance were examined in two groups of the subjects. The analysis of collected data was done using descriptive statistics including real numbers, percentages, averages, and standard deviations Mann-Whitney test ; chi-square test : Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance ; ANCOVA, Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. The results on this study were as follows. (1) The examination of the same quality showed that there were no differences in the general and obstetrical characters between the two groups. However, in terms of the characters of premature infants, just right after their birth, the infants at the contrast group weighed more than those at the experimental group(U=16.5, p=.02), and the former was in mother's womb longer than the latter(U=15.5, p=.02). (2) The stress level of the mothers provided with the planned nursing intervention program be came lower as time passed compared to the others' (F=16.61, p=.00). Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the mothers' stress levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization depending on treatment (F=8.00, P=.01). (3) The maternal role strain of the mothers provided with the planned nursing intervention program was lower than the others'(U=2.0, p=.00). Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the maternal role strain levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization, depend ing on treatment(F=14.72, p=.00). (4) The maternal role performance level of the mothers provided with the planned nursing program was higher than the others' (U=.0, p=.00). Even when the influence of weight at birth and the length of gestation was removed among the premature infants' characters, the mothers' stress levels made a statistical difference 2 weeks after the infants' hospitalization, depending on treatment(F=8.00, p=.01). (5) The correlation between a mother's stress level 2 weeks after her infant's hospitalization, the maternal role strain and the maternal role performance were compared : the stress and the maternal role strain were statistically irrelevant to each other(r=.33, p=.12) : the stress was found to be in inverse proportion to the maternal role performance(r=-.53, p=.02). The maternal role strain was in inverse proportion to the maternal role performance as well(r=-.50, p=.00). In conclusion, for the mothers provided with the planned nursing intervention program, their stress level was getting lower as time passed during the infants' hospitalization, their maternal role strain reduced when they took care of their infants after their discharge, and their maternal role performance level was high compared to the other mothers. Besides, the lower the stress level of mothers of premature infants was during the infants' hospitalization, the higher the maternal role performance after their discharge was. The lower maternal role strain was, the higher the maternal role performance was as well. These results of the study suggested that the nursing intervention program for the mothers of premature infants developed by the researcher would be effectively applied to nursing practice, and it would be a foundation for the development of this kind of program.

Nursery Room Nurses' Role Performance for Maternal Role Attainment of Mothers at Early Postpartum Period / 아동간호학회지

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery form childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room, The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory, The data were collected from R3b. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts: 21 questions for roll performance of nurse ; 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse ; 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurse ; 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toes to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age(p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002), and certificate of midwife(p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress(p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016), the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby(p=0.049), the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistence of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010), existence and/or nonexistence of education for breast feeding(p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistence of breast feeding room(p=0.013), concret methods for breast feeding(p=0.003), working place(p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.

Evaluación del funcionamiento social en pacientes de un centro de salud / Social functioning evaluation of patients in a health center

En este artículo se presentan las principales características de la Escala de Funcionamiento Social (EFS) la descripción, el contenido y la metodología utilizada para diseñar la escala-que fue aplicada a una muestra de 320 pacientes de un centro de salud. El funcionamiento social se evalúa a través de una entrevista, en la cual el paciente reporta el grado de satisfacción en relación a su desempeño de roles en la áreas ocupacional, social, económica, sexual, económica, sexual y familiar. Se obtuvo un alto grado de confiabilidad y validez de la escala. Las correlaciones de todas las áreas fueron superiores de 0.80 (p=0.01). De la misma forma el análisis factorial con rotación varimax arrojó cinco factores para la validez de constructo; los reactivos de la misma área cargaron con un solo factor. Esto explicó, a su vez, el 52 por ciento de la varianza. Se recominda el uso de la escala, ya que se cuenta con un instrumento válido y confiable que puede se aplicado no solamente en México, sino también en otros países de habla hispana