Difference in the distribution of onset age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and according to the type of rotavirus vaccine: single medical center study / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. The first vaccine, RotaShield was developed, but withdrawn because of its association with increased risk of intussusception. Then, RotaTeq and Rotarix were developed. Although in pre-licensure studies, they were not associated with an increased risk of intussusceptions, in recent studies, it has been controversial. Regarding increased risk of intussusception, we studied the difference in the age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients diagnosed with intussusception at Yeungnam University Medical Center for 4 years in the pre-vaccination period (group A) and in the post vaccination period (group B). Sex, mean age and age distribution of intussusceptions were compared according to the type of rotavirus vaccine (group B-1, RotaTeq; group B-2, Rotarix). RESULTS: The median ages of group A and group B were 18.8+/-19.6 months and 15.5+/-10.2 months, with no significant differences (p=0.23). The median ages of group B-1 and group B-2 were 15.3+/-9.3 months and 15.6+/-10.8 months, with no significant differences (p=0.91). And No significant difference in the distribution of onset age was observed between groups, and only 6 patients were diagnosed with intussusceptions within 1 month after vaccination. CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in the distribution of onset age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and according to the type of rotavirus vaccine. Our study has a limitation in that it was conducted in part of the Daegu area. Additional study is needed.

Projecting the effectiveness of RotaTeq® against rotavirus-related hospitalisations in Brazil

RotaTeq® (Merck & Company, Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) is an oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) that has shown high and consistent efficacy in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis (RGE) in randomised clinical trials previously conducted in industrialised countries with high medical care resources. To date, the efficacy and effectiveness data for RV5 are available in some Latin American countries, but not Brazil. In this analysis, we projected the effectiveness of RV5 in terms of the percentage reduction in RGE-related hospitalisations among children less than five years of age in four regions of Brazil, using a previously validated mathematical model. The model inputs included hospital-based rotavirus surveillance data from Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Salvador and São Paulo from 2005-2006, which provided the proportions of rotavirus attributable to serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9, and published rotavirus serotype-specific efficacy from the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial. The model projected an overall percentage reduction of 93 percent in RGE-related hospitalisations, with an estimated annual reduction in RGE-related hospitalisations between 42,991-77,383 in the four combined regions of Brazil. These results suggest that RV5 could substantially prevent RGE-related hospitalisations in Brazil.

Rotavirus Vaccines / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus infects every child at least once by her/his 5(th) birthday. It has been known that single episode of rotavirus infection can protect or alleviate subsequent illness caused by both homotypic and heterotypic rotaviruses. There are two currently licensed rotavirus vaccines. One is human-bovine rotavirus reassortant pentavalent vaccine (RotaTeq(TM)), which contains five reassortant rotavirus (expressing protein G1, G2, G3, G4 and P[8]) and was licensed in Korea for use among infants in 2007. Another is live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix(TM)) derived from 89-12 strain which represents the most common of the human rotavirus VP7(G1) and VP4(P[8]) antigens. Rotarix(TM) was licensed in Korea in 2008. Both live oral rotavirus vaccines are efficacious in preventing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Vacunas contra Rotavirus / Rotavirus vaccines

La infección por rotavirus es la causa más frecuente de diarrea grave en niños costarricenses y del mundo entero, también es la primera causa de muertes por diarrea en niños en países en vías de desarrollo. Existen en la actualidad dos vacunas orales de virus vivos contra el rotavirus disponibles en nuestro país, de amplio uso en varias naciones del mundo, en muchas de las cuales ya han sido incluidas en los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. Una de las vacunas se deriva de una cepa humana atenuada de rotavirus, se administra en un esquema de dos dosis y la otra combina cinco cepas reacomodadas de origen bovinohumano y se administra en un esquema de tres dosis. Ambas vacunas se dan por vía oral y han mostrado tener una elevada eficacia en la prevención de diarrea grave por rotavirus y seguridad con respecto a la posible complicación de intususcepción intestinal. En Costa Rica, se realizan en la actualidad las gestiones necesarias para la inclusión de estas nuevas inmunizaciones en el esquema nacional de vacunación.

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in Costa Rican children and worldwide, also is the first cause of diarrhea deaths in children in developing countries. Currently, two live oral rotavirus vaccines are available in Costa Rica, they have been used in many countries, in some of them have been included in the national immunization programs. One of these vaccines is derived from an attenuated human strain of rotavirus, is administered in a 2 doses schedule and the other combines five bovine-human reassortant strains and is administered in an schedule of 3 doses. Both vaccines should be given by the oral route. Each vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in children and safe from the possible complication of intussusception. In Costa Rica, there are currently efforts ongoing to include these new vaccines in the National Immunization Schedule.