RESUMO
Se identificaron por primera vez 46 compuestos volátiles olfativamente activos con actividad aromática significativa presentes en rones comerciales de Colombia. Lo anterior, mediante microextracción en fase sólida en modo espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME), acoplada a cromatografía de gases con detectores de espectrometría de masas y olfatometría (GC-MS-O). Dentro de los compuestos identificados se encuentran ésteres, compuestos aromáticos, alcoholes, acetales, lactonas y furfural. De esos 46 compuestos, nueve están presentes en todos los rones estudiados y algunos otros son característicos solo de la marca.
For the first time, 46 odor-active volatile compounds present in commercial rums from Colombia were identified. This was performed through a head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) methodology, coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and olfactometry detection (GC-MS-O). Compounds included esters, aromatic compounds, alcohols, acetals, lactones and furfural. Of these 46 compounds, nine are present in all rums studied and others are brand characteristic.
Foram identificados por primeira vez 46 compostos voláteis olfativamente ativos com atividade aromática significativa presentes nos runs comerciais da Colômbia. O anterior, mediante o desenvolvimento duma metodologia Head Space - Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) acoplada à cromatografia gasosa com detectores de espectrometria de massa e olfatometria (GC-MS-O). Entre os compostos identificados estão ésteres, compostos aromáticos, alcoóis, acetais, lactonas e furfural. Destes 46 compostos, nove estão presentes em todos os runs estudados e alguns outros são característicos das marcas.
RESUMO
Background: To assess the knowledge about various issues concerned with rational use of medicines in second year medical students Methods: This was a survey-based, cross-sectional study in which a self developed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used. Respondents were 153 students of second year MBBS (beginning of third semester). They were explained about nature and purpose of study and necessary consent obtained. Questions were framed to obtain information about various issues concerned with use of medicines, common beliefs /misconceptions, purchase of medicines, sources of information about medicines etc. Results were expressed as counts and percentages. Results: Majority of respondents were aware about OTC (54%) and generic medicines (96.7%), importance of reading medicine label (58.8%), that medicines are not needed for every illness (86.2%), medicines manufactures by big multinational companies are not always better (67.9%). 75.8% respondents were not influenced by direct to consumer advertising for purchase of medicines and 69.9% opined that medicines obtained from government hospital are not of inferior quality. 83.6% of respondents opined that they never mixed treatment of more than one doctor at a time and 83% always purchased all medicines written in prescription. For 93.4% respondents’ doctors’ advice was the most important factor that influenced medicine purchase. Conclusion: Though majority of respondents were aware about most of the issues addressed in the questionnaire which seems to be a positive finding, those still unaware needs to be educated by adopting suitable interventions.