An Empirical Study of the Nutritional Status of Severe Acute Malnourished (SAM) Children between Pre and Post Admission in Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC)

The aim and objective of this research study was to compare the nutritional status of Severe Acute Malnourished (SAM) Children between Pre and Post admission in Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). The exploratory as well as descriptive research design was used. The nutritional status was checked by four test variables as Weight-kg, Height-cm, MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference). The sample size of this study was 211. The normality test was performed using One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Since the data of four test variable was not normal, hence non-parametric test (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test) was used for the comparative study between pre and post condition. The findings concluded that there was a difference of the weight, height, MUAC, of the children in pre and post medical treatment in the NRC for the SAM children.

SAMHD1 inhibits PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:The expression of SAMHD1 in lung adenocarcinoma and its effect on prognosis were analyzed by online database GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The expression of SAMHD1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. SAMHD1 gene was silenced in H1975, H1299 and LLC cells by small interfering RNA transfection and lentivirus infection, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells of control group, siSAMHD1-1 group and siSAMHD1-2 group were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. The membrane PD-L1 level was detected by flow cytometry. A mouse lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model was constructed. The PD-L1 levels in the tumor tissues of control group and shSAMHD1 group were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation activities of the control, siSAMHD1-1 and siSAMHD1-2 groups were detected by CCK-8 assays.Results:The GEPIA database results showed that the mRNA expression of SAMHD1 in lung adenocarcinoma was lower than that in normal lung tissue (4.81±0.90 vs. 5.99±0.76, t=20.67, P<0.001) . The median overall survival time of patients with high SAMHD1 expression was significantly longer than that of patients with low SAMHD1 expression (109.0 months vs. 87.7 months, χ2=26.83, P=0.002) . The relative mRNA expression levels of SAMHD1 in A549, PC9, H1299 and H1975 cells were 1.00±0.02, 0.75±0.05, 3.49±0.19 and 7.25±0.38 ( F=589.00, P<0.001) , and the relative protein expression levels were 1.00±0.06, 0.34±0.07, 1.67±0.22 and 2.11±0.63 ( F=15.79, P=0.001) . In H1975 cells, the relative mRNA levels of PD-L1 in the control, siSAMHD1-1 and siSAMHD1-2 groups were 1.00±0.00, 1.54±0.26 and 2.89±0.13 ( F=102.30, P<0.001) , and the relative protein expression levels were 1.00±0.01, 1.50±0.10 and 1.52±0.33 ( F=6.65, P=0.030) . In H1299 cells, the relative mRNA levels of PD-L1 in the three groups were 1.00±0.08, 1.63±0.03 and 2.14±0.03 ( F=368.80, P<0.001) , and the relative protein levels of PD-L1 were 1.00±0.07, 1.88±0.35 and 2.05±0.38 ( F=10.66, P=0.011) . The expression level of PD-L1 in the siSAMHD1-1 and siSAMHD1-2 groups was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05) . Flow cytometry results showed that in H1975 cells, the fluorescence intensity of membrane PD-L1 in the control, siSAMHD1-1 and siSAMHD1-2 groups were 246.83±27.59, 325.60±8.00 and 308.93±7.60 ( F=17.56, P=0.003) , and in H1299 cells, the fluorescence intensity of membrane PD-L1 in the three groups were 959.00±6.25, 1 084.33±7.64 and 1 085.33±21.22 ( F=86.74, P<0.001) . The fluorescence intensity of PD-L1 in the siSAMHD1-1 group and siSAMHD1-2 group was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05) . In xenograft mouse model, the H-SCORE of PD-L1 in the shSAMHD1 group was higher than that in the control group (7.99±1.10 vs. 4.49±0.43, t=5.13, P=0.007) . The proliferative activities of H1975 cells in the control group, siSAMHD1-1 group and siSAMHD1-2 group at 72 h were 0.50±0.02, 0.75±0.05 and 0.73±0.06 ( F=25.01, P=0.001) . The proliferative activities of H1299 cells in the three groups at 72 h were 0.80±0.01, 1.00±0.04 and 0.93±0.07 ( F=13.90, P=0.006) . The cell proliferation activity in the siSAMHD1-1 group and siSAMHD1-2 group was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:SAMHD1 silencing induces PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma.

A study on the effect evaluation of virtual reality on workplace employees' emotional optimization / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of emotional optimization of workplace employees in immersive virtual natural environment. Methods: In July 2020, 15 subjects were selected to complete two groups of treadmill walking training experiments in virtual natural environment and daily environment respectively. At the same time, the subjects' skin electrical (EDA) , pulse frequency (Pf) , respiratory frequency (Rf) physiological data and Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) data before and after walking were collected; the mean value of three dimensions of SAM and the emotion difference before and after the experiment were calculated. The differences of physiological indexes and subjective mood changes of subjects were tested by paired sample t-test. Results: Compared with the daily environment, the ΔEDA, ΔPf and ΔRf of the subjects in the virtual natural environment were all decreased , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in pleasure and arousal between subjects before and after using the virtual natural environment (P <0.05). Compared with the daily environment, the Δpleasure degree of subjects using the virtual natural environment increased, and the Δarousal degree and Δdominance degree decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Walking in virtual natural environment can help subjects improve their mood, relax and improve the regulation ability of autonomic nervous system.

The Regulation of Lipid Binding and Kinase Activities of EphA2 Kinase Domain by Its Adjacent SAM Domain / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor (Eph receptor) family is the largest subfamily in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families which mediates cell morphology, adhesion, movement, proliferation, survival, and differentiation by its bidirectional signals coupled with Ephrin ligands. EphA2 receptor is an important isoform which is involved in the pathological changes in cataract, breast cancer, etc. Previous studies found that the kinase domain of the EphA2 receptor binds to the plasma membrane, and its kinase activity is regulated by the plasma membrane. However, it is still unclear that the impact of the adjacent SAM domain on the membrane binding and kinase activities of kinase domain. In this study we purified the cytoplasmic kinase-SAM tandem of the EphA2 receptor by co-expression with the phosphatase PTP1B 1-301 fragment. Our results showed that the SAM domain of EphA2 receptor can further enhance the interaction between the kinase domain and liposomes (4 mg/mL) by 6 folds (P<0. 001). And the phosphorylation of kinase-SAM tandem can enhance its lipid (4 mg/mL) binding ability by 2. 5 folds (P < 0. 05). In addition, the lipid binding ability and tyrosine phosphorylation activities of kinase domain are mutual promoted, which creating a positive feedback loop in the two biological processes. In conclusion, our studies indicate that the kinase domain and the adjacent SAM domain can function as an intact unit, whose lipid binding ability and kinase activity are quite different from the individual kinase domain. Therefore, our results provide a biochemical basis for better understanding of the regulation mechanism of other Eph receptors in its kinase domain.

Time to Discharge and its Predictors among Children Aged 1-60 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to the Therapeutic Feeding Center in A Tertiary Hospital, North West Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Standard treatment of severe acute malnutrition with medical complication and/or failed appetite test is admission in therapeutic feeding centers for stabilization. Once stabilized, patients will be linked to Outpatient treatment program for rehabilitation. Information regarding time to discharge from inpatient therapeutic feeding centers is limited in Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to assess the time to discharge and its predictors among children1-60 months with Severe Acute Malnutrition admitted to University of Gondar Hospital. METHODS: Hospital Based retrospective follow up study was conducted in Gondar University Hospital among 282 children aged 1-60 months admitted to inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Center from June 2018 to December 2020. Participants were selected by Simple random sampling technique. Time to discharge from inpatient treatment was estimated using Kaplan-Meir procedure and Log Rank test was used to test observed difference between covariates. Identification of predictors for time to discharge was done by Stratified cox regression model. RESULTS: Overall 282 children were studied; 242 (85.8%) were discharged improved and 40 (14.2%) were censored. The median time to Discharge was 13 days (IQR: 9-18) and the Incidence of discharge was found to be 6.4 (95% CI: 5.6-7.2) per 100 person- day observations. Kwash-dermatosis (AHR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.17-4.8), Anemia (AHR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6), pneumonia at admission (AHR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.01-2.63) and Hospital acquired infection (AHR=4.4, 95% CI: 2.4-8.2) were predictors of time to discharge. CONCLUSION: Hospital stay at the stabilization center was prolonged.Pneumonia, anemia, kwash dermatosis and Nosocomial infections were significant predictors of time to discharge

Mechanism of RNA Binding Protein Sam68 Regulating Biological Behavior of Gastric Cancer Cells and Prognosis of Patients / 胃肠病学

Background: The dysregulation of expression of Sam68 gene can induce cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of multiple types of cancer cells. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of Sam68 in gastric cancer cells are still uncertain. Aims: To investigate the correlation of expression of Sam68 with prognosis of gastric cancer patients and biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. Methods: A total of 161 gastric cancer tissue and paracancerous normal tissue specimens were collected. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of Sam68, and its correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Gastric cancer AGS cells were transfected by siRNA Sam68. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, cell migration ability was evaluated by scratch test, and cell invasion ability was evaluated by Transwell test. Results: Expression of Sam68 was increased in gastric cancer tissue, and was correlated with depth of infiltration, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. The high expression of Sam68 was correlated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. After transfection with Sam68 siRNA, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion ability were decreased. Conclusions: Sam68 may be a new factor for the growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and has significant value in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

High level of serovar copenhageni detection in dog sera from Patrocínio, MG, Brazil / Alto nível de detecção do sorovar copenhageni em soros de cães de Patrocínio, MG, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of canine leptospirosis and the possible risk factors associated with the disease in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July through August 2017. The municipality was divided into four regions (north, south, east and west) and a predefined number of neighborhoods (25) were randomly sampled in each region. Samples of blood serum were collected from 241 domiciled male and female dogs of different breeds and ages. To investigate the risk factors for canine leptospirosis, the owners of the animals were asked to fill out an epidemiological questionnaire. The following factors were evaluated: breed, sex, age, presence of rodents, type of diet, access to the street, vaccination, presence of flooded areas, and educational level of the owners. Blood serum samples were evaluated by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 24 live antigens. Of the 241 dogs evaluated, 32 (13.2%) were reactive. The most frequent serovars were: Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa (12.5%), Pomona, Tarassovi and Butembo (9.3%) and Hardjo (6.2%). The presence of canine leptospirosis was associated with purebred dogs (OR=0.3059 [95% CI: 0.1430 ­ 0.6547]) and vaccination (OR=2.581 [95% CI: 1.198 ­ 5.563]). It was concluded that some dogs in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG have anti-Leptospiraspp. antibodies and that the serovars most frequently identified were Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%). Pure breeds and vaccination were factors associated with the prevalence of infection.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência da leptospirose canina e os possíveis fatores de riscos associados à doença no município de Patrocínio ­ MG. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, durante os meses de Julho à Agosto de 2017. O município foi divido em quatro regiões (norte, sul, leste e oeste) e um número predefinido de bairros (25) foi amostrado aleatoriamente em cada região. Foram colhidas 241 amostras de soro sanguíneo de cães domiciliados de ambos os sexos e de diferentes raças e idades. Para investigação dos fatores de risco da leptospirose canina foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos tutores dos animais, foram avaliados os fatores: raça, sexo, idade, presença de roedores, tipo de dieta, acesso à rua, vacinação, presença de áreas alagadas, terrenos baldios e grau de escolaridade dos tutores. As amostras de soro sanguíneo foram avaliadas pelo exame de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), com uma coleção de vinte e quatro antígenos vivos. Dos 241 cães avaliados, 32 (13,2%) apresentaram-se reagentes. Os sorovares de maior frequência foram: Copenhageni (37,5%) e Canicola (21,8%), seguido por Icterohaemorrhagiae e Grippotyphosa (12,5%), Pomona, Tarassovi e Butembo (9,3%) e Hardjo (6,2%). A presença de leptospirose canina foi associada em cães com raça definida (OR = 0,3059 [IC 95%: 0,1430 ­ 0,6547]) e vacinação (OR = 2,581 [IC 95%: 1.198 ­ 5.563]). Concluiu-se que existem cães que apresentam anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp., no município de Patrocínio-MG e que os sorovares Copenhageni (37,5%) e Canicola (21,8%) foram os de maior ocorrência. Apresentar raça definida e a vacinação foram fatores associados à prevalência da infecção.

Lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells by CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activators

Overexpression of exogenous lineage-determining factors succeeds in directly reprogramming fibroblasts to various cell types. Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene activation is a potential approach for cellular reprogramming due to its high precision and multiplexing capacity. Here we show lineage reprogramming to iCPCs through a dead Cas9 (dCas9)-based transcription activation system. Targeted and robust activation of endogenous cardiac factors, including GATA4, HAND2, MEF2C and TBX5 (G, H, M and T; GHMT), can reprogram human fibroblasts toward iCPCs. The iCPCs show potentials to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells . Addition of MEIS1 to GHMT induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M and facilitates cardiac reprogramming. Lineage reprogramming of human fibroblasts into iCPCs provides a promising cellular resource for disease modeling, drug discovery and individualized cardiac cell therapy.

Textual Research on Origin of Alismatis Rhizoma in China Pharmacopoeia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper origin studies the origin of Alismatis Rhizoma in Chinese pharmacopoeia， and puts forward some suggestions for modification. Through the changes in the records of the source of Alismatis Rhizoma in the various versions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the records of Flora of China and Materia Medica of China，it is found that the source of Alismatis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is confused. Specifically， the Chinese name of Alismatis Rhizoma does not correspond to the Latin name. As a common Chinese herbal medicine，Alismatis Rhizoma has a large market circulation. Many classic Chinese medicine prescriptions released by China Food and Drug Administration contain Alismatis Rhizoma. The development of the classic Chinese medicine prescriptions will further increase the market circulation of Alismatis Rhizoma. As a major national move to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine， the study for classic Chinese medicine prescriptions requires defining the origin of the medicinal materials used，and the confused origin of Alismatis Rhizoma recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia seriously hinder the development of the classics. Therefore，in order to regulate the origin of Alismatis Rhizoma， ensure the clinical efficacy and promote the development of classic Chinese medicine prescriptions，the confused origin of Alismatis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has to be resolved as soon as possible. Based on the analysis of the changes of Alismatis Rhizoma's producing areas in the past dynasties， it is found that the producing areas of Alismatis Rhizoma have continuous changed from Wei and Jin dynasties to present， and finally formed the current situation of Sichuan as the main producing area. In comparison of chemical composition，origin and market circulation of Alismatis Rhizoma in Sichuan Province that is the most productive， and Fujian Province that is the best quality， it is found that the two species are different in every aspects. Nowadays，Alisma plantago-aquatica occupies the majority of the market， which doesn't conform to Alisma orientale as specified in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore， through textual research and analysis， it is suggested that both A. plantago-aquatica and A. orientale. Shall be used as the origin of Alismatis Rhizoma. In the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia，Cassiae Semen，Schizonepetae Herba，Aisaematis Rhizoma，Fibraureae Caulis and Ajugae Herba have the same problem. This paper provides ideas for the revision of sources of traditional Chinese medicine.

Evaluation of the performance of a nutrition rehabilitation centre in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) places extraordinary challenges in the way of survival, growth and development of the child under five years of age. Our aim was to evaluate the functioning and performance of facility based management of SAM children admitted in the nutrition rehabilitation centre (NRC) and to identify the existing bottlenecks in the NRC.Methods: Children above 1 month and less than 5 years of age with severe acute malnutrition were included during the study period. Demographic details of the SAM children, clinical features during admission were recorded. Anthropometric measurements like MUAC, weight, height/length and WHZ scores were taken at admission and compared with the findings at discharge. Statistical analysis: the data after collection, compilation was analysed by SPSS.Results: Majority 277 (78.47%) of them belonged to rural areas. 300 (85%) SAM children were referred by medical officers. Bilateral oedema was recorded in 12 (17.9%) admitted children during 2014-2015, 22 (17.9%) children in 2015-2016 and in 37 (22.7%) children during 2016-2017. There was significant improvement in the mean weight (kg) and mean MUAC (cm) at discharge was in comparison to the weight and MUAC of the children at admission and this difference in increase in the mean weight and MUAC were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Implementation of WHO feeding guidelines resulted in adequate weight gain of inpatient malnourished children, however the frontline workers in the community and health care providers of PHCs should be trained and given hands on training for early identification and referral of SAM cases

Study to determine gender variation in severe acute malnutrition at nutrition rehabilitation centre

Background: The objective of this study is to know the gender variation in number of admissions, severity of malnutrition at the time of admission, gaining of weight and adherence to follow up in children admitted to nutrition rehabilitation center and during follow up.Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the review of existing programme records. Children who were admitted to nutrition rehabilitation centre, district hospital, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, India, between January 2017 to December 2017 with severe acute malnutrition were involved in the study. The programme included 2 weeks of in-patient care, and four follow-up visits to the NRC subsequently as follows; 1st visit at 7 days, 2nd at 14 days, 3rd at 1 month and 4th at 2 months after discharge.Results: Among 57 children who admitted to NRC females were 30 (52.6%) and males 27 47.4%). 25 among 57 children (43.9%) could sustain weight gain of >5grams/kg/day as per one of the discharge criteria. 13 (52%) were females and 12 (48%) were males. 32(56%) among 57 admitted children to NRC, could achieve <-1SD during entire programmed. 15(46.8%) were females and 17 (53.1%) were males.Conclusions: There was no gender variation in either number of admission or severity of malnutrition at the time of admission or weight gain during NRC programme.

Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition among children: a cross sectional study

Background: In the world, hunger and malnutrition are most significant threat. Malnutrition is global risk factor for significant death among infants and pregnant woman. malnutrition increases the chances of several infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in children age group of 1 to 18 years, suffering from protein energy malnutrition, attending Department of Paediatrics, tertiary care hospital, Bangalore during the period January 2016 to December 2016.'Results: In the present study, maximum number of cases (44) belongs to age group of 1-5 years, followed by 32 cases belongs to 6-12-year age group and 24 cases belong to 13-18-year age group. Maximum cases (59) belongs to female with male female ratio is 1:1.4. In the present study out of 100 cases, 81 cases came positive for protein energy malnutrition. Out of 81 cases positive for PEM, 34 cases belong to grade I followed by 24 cases belongs to grade II, 13 cases belong to grade III and 1o cases belongs to grade IV protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Conclusions: Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition.

Retrospective Study Of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) At Malnutrition Treatment Centre (MTC) Of Ajmer, Rajasthan

Aims of study: The objective of our study is retrospective evaluation of the data to assess the effectiveness of MTC in providing medical and nutritional rehabilitation care for children with SAM in our MTC. Results: Out of the 1047 children of age 6-60 months with SAM, 72.21% had a weight -for-height/length (WH/L) Z score below -3SD, 64.85% had mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 11.5 cm, 12.03% had bipedal oedema and 53.75% had both WH/LZ score below -3SD and MUAC <11.5 cm. 76.40% were discharged from MTC, however recovered rate was 11.65%. Conclusions: Survival of children with SAM in our study was good (76.40%) however recovery rate was low (11.65%). The average weight gain of children with SAM was 8.06 gm/kg/day (±12.01gm) in our study and average duration of stay was 8.67 days (+_6.11).

Meta-analysis of brain functional images under N-back and DMTS paradigm in human working memory / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the similarities and differences in brain activation under N-back and DMTS paradigms of working memory. Methods Through searching of BrainMap function database by the combination keywords,a total of 122 articles with 122 experiments ( N-back: 67 experiments,937 sub-jects,900 foci;Delayed Matched to Sample: 55 experiments,806 subjects,872 foci). Maps were analyzed using the FDR PN (P<0. 0001) method based coordinates of the Montreal Neurological Institute ( MNI) space. Results In the combine of the N-back and DMTS paradigms,these regions were activated including the bilateral inferior parietal lobe (Left: -36,-52,44; Right: 38,-52,48) and insula(Left:-34,22,0;Right:34,24,2),the superior frontal gyrus (2,16,50) and inferior frontal gyrus (-44,8,30) of the left brain,and the middle frontal ( 46,36,24) and sub-gyral ( 30,4,56) of the right brain. The N-back paradigm was similar to the above results,whereas the DMTS paradigm only activated the precentral gyrus (-50,8, 34) of the left brain and the right insula ( 34,24,4) . Conclusion The neural circuit of working memory is the frontal-parietal networks. N-back paradigm with the brain activation consists to the neural circuit of work-ing memory. However,DMTS paradigm activates less brain regions and is inconsistent to the neurons of work-ing memory.

Effects of Chinese traditional medicine-selected recipe Q0409 on ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of Chinese traditional medicine-selected recipe Q0409 on the ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice. METHODS:Total 91 mice (4-month-old SAM-P/8 mice, SAM-R/1 mice and Kunming mice) were used in the study, in which the male and female animals were labeled separately. According to the performance of Morris water maze test, the mice were divided into 5 groups randomly. The mice were fed with different drugs or distilled water for 60 d (from 4 months to 6 months). The mice were fed with the drugs from 61 d to 65 d, and 1 h later each time, the Morris water maze test was carried out. After this Morris test were finished at 65 d, the mice were killed immediately and their hippocampal tissues were isolated. Half of the hippocampal tissues were added with precooled normal saline and made into 10% (g/mL) homogenate for detecting the protein content and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. The other half was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded with paraffin for immunohistochemical staining of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). RESULTS:Compared with model group, the results of navigation training and spatial probe training in Morris water maze test were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the activity of AChE in the hippocampal ho-mogenate was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in Q0409 treatment group. No difference in Q0409 group was observed compared with control group and positive drug (huperzine A) group. Immunohistochemical staining showed no typical "se-nile plaques" in the male mice of Q0409 group, while there was shallower and smaller brown staining in the hippocampus of the female mice of Q0409 group. The positive area of Aβ deposition decreased in the CA1 area of hippocampal tissues in Q0409 group. These results were similar to those in positive drug group. CONCLUSION:Q0409 improves the ability of learning and memory in SAM-P/8 mice, which is related to the inhibition of AChE activity and the reduction of Aβ protein deposition in the hippocampus. The effects is similar to those of huperzine A.

The long and successful journey of electrochemically active amino acids. From fundamental adsorption studies to potential surface engineering tools

ABSTRACT Proteins have been the subject of electrochemical studies. It is possible to apply electrochemical techniques to obtain information about their structure due to the presence of five electroactive amino acids that can be oriented to the outside of the peptidic chain. These amino acids are L-Tryptophan (L-Trp), L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), L-Histidine (L-His), L-Methionine (L-Met) and L-Cysteine (L-Cys); their electrochemical behavior being subject of extensive research, but it is still controversial. No spectroscopic investigations have been reported on L-Trp, and due to the short life time of the intermediates, ex situ techniques cannot be employed, leading to a never-ending discussion about possible intermediates. In the L-Tyr and L-His cases, spectroelectrochemical studies were performed and different intermediates were observed, suggesting that some intermediates may be observed under specific conditions, as proposed for L-Cys. This amino acid is the most interesting among the electroactive ones because of the presence of a thiol moiety at its side chain, leading to a wide range of oxidation states. It can adsorb onto surfaces of different crystallographic orientation in stereoselective conformation, modifying the surface for different applications.as a surface engineering tool since it plays the role of as an anchor for the growing of nanocrystals inside proteic templates.

Protection of SAM on KCl-injured primary cultured neurons via reducing Cav-1 expression / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)on KCl-stimulated pri-mary cultured neurons and the potential mechanism. Methods The primary cultured cortical neurons were randomly divided into three groups:normal (Con) group,KCl group and SAM-KCl group. The changes of cell morphology were observed by microscope,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1)in each group were detected by qPCR and Western blot. Results After treated with 0. 05 mol· L - 1 KCl for 12 hours,the primary cultured neurons showed morphological injury,shortening of neurites, reduction of soma mass and accumulation of cells. While neurons pretreated with 0. 02 mol·L-1 SAM for 6 hours could significantly reduce the damage induced by KCl. qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that SAM could reduce the neurons expression of Cav-1 mRNA and protein that induced by KCl. Conclusion SAM can protect neurons from the damage induced by KCl,and Cav-1 plays a critical role in this process.

Confirming Indicators of Qualitative Results by Chromatography-mass Spectrome-try in Biological Samples / 法医学杂志

B ecause of the exist of com plex m atrix, the confirm ing indicators of qualitative results for toxic substances in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry are different from that in non-biological sam ples. E ven in biological sam ples, the confirm ing indicators are different in various ap-plication areas. T his paper review s the sim ilarities and differences of confirm ing indicators for the ana-lyte in biological sam ples by chrom atography-m ass spectrom etry in the field of forensic toxicological analysis and other application areas. T hese confirm ing indicators include retention tim e (R T ), relative re-tention tim e (R R T ), signal to noise (S/N ), characteristic ions, relative abundance of characteristic ions, parent ion-daughter ion pair and abundance ratio of ion pair, etc.

Research progress in characteristics of conjunctiva goblet cells and its relationship with ocular surface health / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Conjunctiva goblet cells are spread out within a stratified epithelium, and keep ocular surface homeostasis by secreting mucin.Previous research has shown conjunctiva goblet cells can secret mucin, remove debris and modulate ocular surface immune function.In this review, we will focus on biological characteristics of conjunctiva goblet cells and the effect of key factors SAM pointed domain Ets factor(SPDEF) on differentiation and function of conjunctiva goblet cells, and further understand relationship between goblet cells and eye health.

Comparison study on sampling methods of Oncomelania hupensis snail sur-vey in marshland schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To optimize and simplify the survey method of Oncomelania hupensis snail in marshland endemic re?gion of schistosomiasis and increase the precision,efficiency and economy of the snail survey. Methods A quadrate experimen?tal field was selected as the subject of 50 m×50 m size in Chayegang marshland near Henghu farm in the Poyang Lake region and a whole?covered method was adopted to survey the snails. The simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified ran?dom sampling methods were applied to calculate the minimum sample size,relative sampling error and absolute sampling error. Results The minimum sample sizes of the simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified random sampling meth?ods were 300,300 and 225,respectively. The relative sampling errors of three methods were all less than 15%. The absolute sampling errors were 0.221 7,0.302 4 and 0.047 8,respectively. Conclusion The spatial stratified sampling with altitude as the stratum variable is an efficient approach of lower cost and higher precision for the snail survey.