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The scientific basis of acupuncture on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating ischemic stroke (IS) is discussed. MSCs transplantation has great potential for the treatment of tissue damage caused by early stage inflammatory cascade reactions of IS, but its actual transformation is limited by various factors. How to improve the homing efficiency of MSCs is the primary issue to enhance its efficacy. As such, the possible mechanisms of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation in inhibiting inflammatory cascade reactions induced by IS are explored by reviewing literature, and a hypothesis that acupuncture could promote the secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) from ischemic foci to regulate SDF-1α/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis, thereby improving the homing efficiency of MSCs transplantation, exerting its neuroprotective function, and improving the bed transformation ability, is proposed.
Assuntos
Humanos , AVC Isquêmico , Quimiocina CXCL12 , Terapia por Acupuntura , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , InflamaçãoRESUMO
Objective To evaluate gene transfection in liver , lung and kidney by ultrasound , microbubble and recombinant adenovirus mediated exogenous stromal cell derived factor-1α ( SDF-1α) gene transfer to the heart in rats with acute myocardial infarction( AMI) . Methods Forty AMI SD rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups:myocardial infarction + ultrasound irradiation group (M+ U/control group , n = 10) ,and 3 experimental subgroups on the basis of pAd-EGFP/SDF-1α ( The biotin recombinant adenovirus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and SDF-1α) . Genes transfection length of time:1 day ,2 days and 3 days of transfection ( M +S1+U ,M+S2+U and M+S3+U group) . The expression of EGFP in liver ,lung and kidney were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy at 7 days after administration . Results There was a little expression of EGFP in the liver ,lung and kidney in the drug delivery group and no expression in the control group .The differences in the expression of EGFP between all the gene delivery groups and the control group were statistically significant ( P <0 .05) . With the increase of the number of medication days , the target gene transfection increased slightly ,but there was no significant difference among the different drug delivery groups . Conclusions When the ultrasound ,microbubble and recombinant adenovirus mediated exogenous SDF-1αgene transfer to the heart in AMI rats ,liver ,lung and kidney tissues will also be transfected . However ,with the increasing of the days of administration , the transfection of target gene in non-target tissue produces only a slight accumulation . The transfection area of target gene in non-target tissue is not linear correlated with the days of administration .
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Objective To investigate the changes of serum stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the influence of mouse never growth factor (MNGF) on the levels of serum SDF‐1α. Methods 180 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM ) were divided into T2DM with DPN (DPN group ,n=92) and T2DM without DPN (T2DM group ,n=88). 90 healthy people were select as normal control (NC group). DPN group was divided into 47 cases of MNGF treatment (A) subgroup and 45 cases of basic treatment (B) subgroup. The levels of serum SDF‐1αwere measured using ELISA method. The relationships between the levels of serum SDF‐1αand SOD ,TGF‐β1 , hsC‐RP ,and GAP‐43 were analyzed. After treatment ,the levels of serum SDF‐1α in A and B subgroups were compared. Results Compared with NC group [(0.91 ± 0.37)μg/L] ,the levels of serum SDF‐1αin T2DM and DPN group were higher [(2.58 ± 0.58) μg/L and(1.71 ± 0.43)μg/L ,respectively ,P0.05] .Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that HbA1c ,hsC‐RP and PSCV were the independent factors related with the levels of SDF‐1αin DPN patients. Conclusion The levels of serum SDF‐1αin DPN patients are lower than in T2DM patients without DPN. MNGF may increase the level of serum SDF‐1α.
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Objective To clarify the effects of Xinfukang containing-serum on stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) translation and protein secretion of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs).Methods BMSCs were isolated and amplified using bone marrow culture method,and were identified by flow cytometry.mRNA and protein secretion of SDF-1α were detected by quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively.Results The expression of SDF-1α mRNA were significantly increased after 72 h in drug-containing serum,and SDF-1α mRNA in the experimental group was approximately 200 times as that in the control group (P＜0.05).Secretion of SDF-1 α in the experimental group (277.561 1 ± 15.651 8) pg/ml was nearly doubled compared with that in the control group (153.107 1±14.765 1) pg/ml (P＜0.05).Conclusions BMSCs from whole bone marrow adherent culture have high purity,and drug-containing serum can promote BMSCs to express SDF-1 α mRNA and secretion of SDF-1 α.
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Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on CD 34 +VEGFR2 +endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived vessels and stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α)/CXCR4, and study its mechanism of promoting an-giogenesis in hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion .Methods A total of 180 healthy male adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group, model (I/R) group, electroacupuncture (I/RE) group, I/RE plus AMD3100 (A specific antagonist of CXCR4) group (I/REA) and AMD3100 (I/RA) group. The rats received filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2 hours followed by reperfusion .Electroacupunc-ture was applied to “Baihui” (GV20)/“Siguan” (Hegu LI 4/Taichong LR 3) acupoints for 30 min, once a day.The mR-NA expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) .Double immunofluorescence was used to stain CD 34 +VEGFR2 +EPC-derived vessels.Results Compared with the sham group, the mRNA expressions of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were significantly upregulated in I/R and I/RE group ( P<0.05 ) , but that in I/RE group was more significantly increased than I/R group(P<0.05).In addition, the mRNA expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were highly increased on day 1 in the I/REA group than that of I/RE group, but decreased than that of I/RE group on day 7 after reperfusion (P<0.01).CD34 +VEGFR2 +EPCs-derived vessels were obviously increased on 3d and 7d in the I/RE group compared with that of the I/R group, and significantly decreased on 7d in the I/REA group compared with that of the I/RE group ( P<0.01) .Conclusions Electroacupuncture can effectively promote an-giogenesis through upregulating the expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 in rat ischemic hippocampus after focal cerebral is-chemia/reperfusion.
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Objective To detect the expression of vascular endotheilal growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and its receptor CXCR-4 in the retinopathy of diabetic rats, and to explore the relationship between those factors and diabetic-retinopathy(DR). Methods Diabetes was induced in 40 rats with a single intraperitional injection of streptozotocin(STZ). Experimental rats were randomly divided into M1 (diabetic for 1 month), M3 (diabetic for 3 months), and M5 (diabetic for 5 months) groups, and another 10 rats served as a normal control group (NC). Retinal vascular status was observed by transmission electron microscope. After retinal stretched preparation, VEGF, SDF-1α and CXCR-4 immunohistochemistry were done. Retinal VEGF, SDF-1α, and CXCR-4 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was measured by Western blot. Results Under transmission electron microscope, change in vascular status was found in M1 to M5 groups, but not in the NC group. The changes became increasingly serious with the prolongation of the disease. By immunohistochemistry, we found the expression of VEGF, SDF-1α, and CXCR-4 on the retina increased gradually. It increased after injecting STZ for 1 month and increased significantly after 5 months.VEGF, SDF-1α, and CXCR-4 mRNA expression increased obviously after injecting STZ for 1 month and increased significantly after 5 months. Western blot showed that protein of VEGF, SDF-1α, and CXCR-4 had no change after injecting STZ for 1 month. It began to increase in the M3 group and increased most in the M5 group. Conclusion The expression of VEGF, SDF-1α, and CXCR-4 on the retina in retinopathy of diabetic rats increases gradually with the prolongation of the disease. It is an important factor for diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To determine the polymorphism in CXC chemokine SDF-1α transcript and its effects on HIV infection.Methods Three groups of study subjects lived in Hang Kong were recruited:278 HIV-heahhy donors of Chinese origin.49 HIV+Caucasians and 13 Chinese with high risk behavior to HIV but kept uninfected.Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from eripheral blood mononucleal cell. The PCR and RT-PCR reaction were set up accordingly.Sequence of the SDF-1α promoter,the open reading frame(ORF)and the 3'untranslate region(3'UTR)were analyzed.Two steps PCR reaction using two reverseprimers with mismatched nucleic acid were employed to screen the frequency of a novel mutation. Results equencing analysis from 100 subjects indicated that non mutation happened in tlle promoter and ORF of SDF-1α.A novel mutation Was detected from 3'UTR of SDF-1α.It is a "GA" insertion in "G" rich region near the stop code of SDF-1α.The mutation Was named as SDF-1-3’GA+and submitted to GenBank (AY874118).The mutation happened in three roups.with allele frequency of 15.1% in the healthy Chinese.of 30.7% in the high risk Chinese group.Conclusions our results confirm that SDF-1 genes arerelatively conserved.None noteworthy mutation is identified in the promoter and ORF regions of SDF-1α However.a novel mutation is identified from the 3'UTR of SDF-1α. It would be worthwhile to etermine effect of the novel mutation on HIV infection.