Influence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants: a prospective study based on arterial spin labeling / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate local cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on cerebral blood flow (CBF) values of arterial spin labeling (ASL).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 90 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g who were born in the Department of Obstetrics and admitted to the Department of Neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to June 2022. All of the infants underwent cranial MRI and ASL at the corrected gestational age of 35-40 weeks. According to the presence or absence of BPD, they were divided into a BPD group with 45 infants and a non-BPD group with 45 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of the CBF values of the same regions of interest (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, thalamus, and basal ganglia) on ASL image.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had a significantly lower 1-minute Apgar score, a significantly longer duration of assisted ventilation, and a significantly higher incidence rate of fetal distress (P<0.05). After control for the confounding factors such as corrected age and age at the time of cranial MRI by multiple linear regression analysis, compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group still had higher CBF values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, basal ganglia, and thalamus at both sides (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BPD can increase cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants, which might be associated with hypoxia and a long duration of assisted ventilation in the early stage.

Case Report: Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI Contribution for Clinical Implementation of Brain Disease

@#Currently, ASL is widely used as an additional breakthrough sequence in MRI due to acquiring reliable results. The case report aims to prove the efficacy and effectiveness of a quantitative method of ASL sequence through the calculation of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) on CBF maps in different cases. ASL sequence has been done on four patients with different cases. Then, the authors put 2 regions of interest (ROI) for measurement in normal and different regions on CBF maps and then calculated the average value result from CBF maps. ASL has been proven as a reliable and breakthrough sequence in MRI for detecting brain disease with a non-invasive method through the calculation of CBF value. ASL should be used as an additional protocol in brain examinations because it allows radiologists to assess the significance of CBF values using a quantitative method that is more reliable and non-invasiv

Evaluation of early renal function changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using BOLD and ASL / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To noninvasively evaluate the clinical value of early renal function changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI.Methods:A total of 63 T2DM patients from Tianjin First Central Hospital from September 2019 to May 2022 were prospectively collected, 30 healthy volunteers (control group) were collected during the same period. According to albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), patients with T2DM were divided into normal albuminuria (NAU, ACR<30 mg/g) group and microalbuminuria (MAU, 30 mg/g≤ACR≤300 mg/g) group, there were 35 and 28 cases respectively. All subjects underwent abdominal BOLD and ASL scans. The values of renal cortical and medullary apparent relaxation rate (R 2*) and renal cortical renal blood flow (RBF) were measured. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in R 2* and RBF among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze relevant parameters to identify the diagnostic effectiveness of each group, and area under the curve (AUC) was compared by Z-test. Results:There were significant differences in renal medullary R 2* and renal cortical RBF among the control group, NAU group and MAU group ( F=45.83, 34.15, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in renal cortical R 2* ( F=2.98, P=0.056). In differentiating the control group from the NAU group, the AUC of renal medullary R 2*, renal cortical RBF and their combined parameters were 0.921 (95%CI 0.827-0.973), 0.704 (95%CI 0.578-0.811), 0.964 (95%CI 0.885-0.994), respectively. The AUC of combined parameters was significantly different from renal cortical RBF ( Z=4.07, P<0.001), but not from renal medullary R 2* ( Z=1.57, P=0.117). In differentiating the NAU from the MAU group, the AUC were 0.898 (95%CI 0.796-0.960), 0.919 (95%CI 0.823-0.973), 0.985 (95%CI 0.881-0.994), respectively. The AUC of combined parameters was significantly different from renal medullary R 2* and renal cortical RBF ( Z=2.39, P=0.017; Z=2.20, P=0.028). Conclusions:The changes of renal oxygenation level and blood flow in early stage of T2DM patients can be evaluated noninvasively and quantitatively using BOLD and ASL. Renal medullary R 2* combined with renal cortex RBF shows better diagnostic efficacy for early renal function changes in diabetes than each single index.

Value of MRI arterial spin labeling technique on the detection of epileptogenic zone in children with drug resistant epilepsy / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in detecting epileptogenic zone (EZ) in children with drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE).Methods:From March 2018 to December 2019, 28 children with DRE were collected prospectively in Peking University First Hospital. Structural MRI, ASL sequence, and PET-CT were performed on 28 DRE children. All children underwent surgical treatment. Intraoperative electrocorticogram findings combined with postoperative MRI results were considered the gold standard for locating EZ. A total of 29 EZ were resected in 28 children. Based on the pathological results, the EZ was divided into focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Ⅰb and Ⅱa group ( n=12), FCD Ⅱ b group ( n=11) and malformation of cortical dysplasia (MCD) group ( n=6). Structural MRI was observed for finding any abnormal changes that could induce epilepsy and was divided into the normal MRI group ( n=13) and the abnormal MRI group ( n=16). The spatial relationship between abnormal areas in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) map and PET images and the gold standard was observed, and the accurate detection rate of EZ was calculated. The region of interest (ROI) on CBF and PET images was drawn. ROIs were defined as EZ, EZ contralateral zone (EZCZ), EZ adjacent zone (EZAZ), EZAZ contralateral zone (EZAZCZ). The CBF and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) were measured, and the asymmetry index (AI) value of EZ and EZAZ of CBF and SUV max was calculated respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference among 4 regions and 3 pathological types of CBF, SUV max, and AI. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the difference in AI between normal and abnormal MRI groups. Results:In CBF map, the EZ was accurately localized in 89.7% (26/29) of the lesions, in which 24 EZ had decreased perfusion, and 2 EZ had increased perfusion. Among the 24 EZ with decreased perfusion, the CBF of EZ, EZCZ, EZAZ, and EZAZCZ were significantly different( F=8.79, P<0.001). In PET-CT, the EZ was accurately localized in 93.1% (27/29) of the lesions, in which 25 EZ had decreased metabolism, and 2 EZ had increased metabolism. Among the 25 EZ with decreased metabolism, the SUV max of EZ, EZCZ, EZAZ, and EZAZCZ were significantly different ( F=6.40, P=0.001). The AI value of CBF and SUV max of EZ in the abnormal MRI group were larger than those of the normal MRI group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.34, 3.09, P=0.002 , 0.004). There was no statistical difference in the AI values of CBF and SUV max among FCD Ⅰb and Ⅱa group, FCD Ⅱb group and MCD group ( F=2.05, 1.54, P=0.149, 0.234). Conclusions:ASL technology is accurate in detecting EZ. The changes in perfusion and metabolism of normal structural MRI EZ are greater than abnormal structural MRI EZ. There is no obvious difference in CBF and SUVmax changes in different pathological EZ.

Comparison of 3D-arterial spin labeling and digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of occlusion and collateral circulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of 3D-arterial spin labeling (ASL) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the occlusion and collateral circulation (CC) of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:From January 2019 to June 2020, 53 cases of AIS patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in Langfang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects. All patients underwent DSA and 3D ASL examination. According to the gold standard of DSA, the diagnostic value of proximal intra-arterial signal (IAS) in 3D-ASL was observed, and the clinical value of distal IAS in the diagnosis of lateral CC was observed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for poor outcome in AIS patients.Results:There were 31 cases with good collateral circulation judged by DSA. Taking DSA as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of digital IAS in diagnosing CC status were 93.55%, 81.82%, 87.88%, 90.00% and 88.68%, respectively. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of patients with good CC assessed by 3D-ASL was lower than that of patients with poor CC at admission, and the good prognosis rate at discharge was higher than that of patients with poor CC, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical data between patients with good CC and those with poor CC, such as gender, age, history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking, onset to treatment time, treatment methods, etc (all P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that poor CC assessed by ASL was a risk factor for poor prognosis in AIS patients ( OR=5.897, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proximal and distal IAS of 3D-ASL can provide important diagnostic clues for detecting arterial occlusion and collateral perfusion in patients with AIS, and the detection of CC by ASL is of great value for prognosis.

Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants: arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging evaluation / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in preterm infants using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:From September 2021 to June 2022, preterm infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks, birth weight ≤1 500 g) admitted to NICU of our hospital within 24 h after birth were randomly assigned into rhEPO group and control group for this prospective study. The rhEPO group was given rhEPO (500 IU/kg iv, once every other day for 2 weeks) within 72 h after birth plus symptomatic supportive treatment. The control group received same amount of normal saline injection. Both groups received brain MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging and ASL at adjusted gestational age of 35~37 weeks and CBF values of interested areas were measured.Results:A total of 85 infants were enrolled, including 40 in the rhEPO group and 45 in the control group. No significant differences existed in the incidences of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, focal white matter injury and extensive white matter injury between the two groups ( P>0.05). The CBF values [ml/(100 g·min)] of frontal cortex [left 15.1±3.9 vs. 17.9±3.1, right 15.9 (12.5, 17.8) vs. 18.1(16.1,20.2)], temporal cortex [left 15.8±4.3 vs. 18.6±3.8, right 16.3(13.2,19.4) vs. 18.1(15.7,19.7)], occipital cortex (left 15.8±6.1 vs. 18.8±3.3, right 16.8±5.5 vs. 19.3±4.8), basal ganglia (left 24.7±7.2 vs. 28.7±6.2, right 26.0±7.9 vs. 29.3±6.4) and thalamus (left 32.7±11.8 vs. 37.9±8.6, right 32.1±11.6 vs. 37.6±10.2) in the rhEPO group were significantly lower than the control group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed of CBF value at the parietal cortex between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Early application of rhEPO can reduce CBF in premature infants, which may be related to the neuro-protective effects of EPO.

Effects of Coating Method on Fabrication Quality of Flexible Silicone Blood Vessels / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of different coating methods on production quality of complex and flexible silicone vascular replicas. Methods Based on models of anterior communicating artery aneurysms, several patient-specific models were made by using spray-coating method and brush-spin-coating method respectively, and two methods for making the same vascular structure were quantitatively compared in terms of thickness growth, circumferential uniformity and light transmittance. Results Brush-spin-coating method was better than spray-coating method in the thickness control and coating uniformity for fabrication of vessels with large curvature, variable diameter and straight tube, and the model had preferably light transmittance and surface smoothness. The relative deviation of thickness by brush-spin-coating method was decreased by 8. 9% , 10. 8% and 16. 9% respectively compared with spray-coating method. Conclusions At present stage, the brush-spin coating method has the advantage of thickness uniformity and light transmittance over the spray-coating method in making silicone phantoms, and it has promising application prospects in fluid mechanics field of in vitro experiment on large vessels.

Estimativa da idade aplicada a investigações arqueológicas utilizando espectroscopia RPE ­ uma revisão / Dental age estimation applied to archaeological investigations using spectroscopy ESR ­ a review

A estimativa da idade utilizando dentes humanos é realizada por várias ciências. Enquanto na odontologia e antropologia forense o significado desta estimativa está associado à idade cronológica em indivíduos vivos ou mortos, na arqueologia o significado é outro, e reflete o tempo decorrido desde a formação do dente até a sua descoberta no sítio arqueológico, a chamada datação arqueológica. Diante do potencial uso da datação para identificação de corpos antigos (fossilizados) na área forense, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar a estimativa da idade de dentes sob a perspectiva da arqueologia, por meio do principal método de datação utilizado: o da espectroscopia por ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (RPE). Com o intuito de verificar as principais aplicações deste método na datação de dentes humanos, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura. Os 18 artigos selecionados mostram que a espectroscopia RPE encontra-se consolidada como método de datação para dentes humanos e tem sido aplicada com sucesso nas últimas décadas, na solução de problemas de diversas pesquisas arqueológicas, ajudando a elucidar questionamentos acerca da dinâmica de ocupação, interações interespecíficas e extinção de várias espécies humanas que habitaram a Terra nas últimas centenas de milhares de anos

Age estimation using human teeth is performed by several fields of knowledge. While in forensic dentistry and anthropology the meaning of this estimate is associated with chronological age in living or dead individuals, in archaeology, the meaning is different and reflects the time elapsed from the formation of the tooth until its discovery at the archaeological site, the so-called archaeological dating. Faced with the potential use of archaeological dating to identify ancient (fossilized) bodies in the forensic area, the aim of this work is to approach the age estimation of teeth from the perspective of archaeology, through the main dating method used: Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. In order to verify the main applications of this method for the dating of human teeth, a literature review was carried out. 18 articles were selected and show that ESR spectroscopy is consolidated as a dating method for human teeth and it has been applied, successfully over the last few decades, in the solution of problems of several archaeological researches, helping to clarify questions about the dynamics of occupation, interspecific interactions and extinction of several human species that have inhabited the Earth in the last few hundred thousand years

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Different Regimens of Centrifugation for a Single-spin Method of Pure Platelet-containing Plasma Preparation

Aims: The aim of the study is to determine the optimal parameters of single centrifugation for the preparation of platelet-containing plasma (PCP) with maximum reduction of other cellular elements of the blood.Materials and Methods:30 conditionally healthy persons aged 18 to 60 years (36.9±11.2 years) were included in the study. A total of 12 centrifugation modes were studied: 110g×5min, 110g×10min, 110g×15min, 140g×5min, 140g×10min, 140g×15min, 160g×5min, 160g×10min, 160g×15min, 190g×5min, 190g×10min, 190g×15min. To evaluate the effectiveness of different centrifugation modes, in addition to the number of basic cellular elements, such indicators as platelet capture efficiency, platelet enrichment factor, erythrocyte-reducing efficiencies and leukocyte-reducing efficiencies were studied.Results:When examining the volumes of the obtained plasma containing platelets, it was found that almost all centrifugation modes allow obtaining significantly different volumes of the investigated blood fraction from the others (p<0.001). For clarity, the regimens were sorted according to the volume of platelet-containing plasma obtained, from the smallest to the largest. There was a progressive decrease in the numerical values of the concentration of platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes in plasma samples. Also there was a progressive decrease in the numerical values of the coefficient of platelet enrichment.Conclusions:With a singlecentrifugation for the preparation of plasma containing platelets, the most effective mode is 160g × 10 min, which allows achieving a platelet enrichment factor of about 1.71 at a platelet concentration of 483.6 ± 45.4 × 109/l, a platelet capture efficiency of 85, 7 ± 0.1% and reductions of erythrocytes and leukocytes 98.76 ± 0.09% and 98.46 ± 0.14%, respectively.

Fonoaudiología en Educación: Experiencias docentes para la conformación de una Spin-off universitaria / Speech and language therapy in education: Teaching experiences for the conformation of a university Spin-off

Este artículo pretende demostrar la viabilidad que tiene la creación de una spin-off universitaria que ofrezca servicios fonoaudiológicos para darle solución a las dificultades comunicativas que se presentan en el ámbito escolar, tanto en estudiantes como en docentes y administrativos. Metodología: Este fue un estudio cualitativo con diseño de investigación mixto, en el cual se obtuvieron los resultados a partir de una revisión documental y la aplicación de dos instrumentos de recolección de datos a profesionales de algunas instituciones educativas públicas y privadas de Medellín. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que los docentes no reconocen en su totalidad las funciones del fonoaudiólogo en el sector educativo, y así mismo, se demostró que la participación que se ha tenido en los procesos que lleva a cabo este profesional en las instituciones educativas no ha sido la esperada; los docentes refirieron identificar diversas dificultades en los estudiantes y en ellos mismos, relacionadas con la comunicación; además, reconocieron la importancia y necesidad de incluir al fonoaudiólogo en las instituciones educativas. Conclusión: Se concluye que en el sector educativo son evidentes las dificultades comunicativas que presentan los estudiantes, los docentes y administrativos, sin embargo, en estas instituciones aún no se ha integrado el servicio de fonoaudiología, por ende, no se logra dimensionar el alcance que tiene el fonoaudiólogo para beneficiar la población escolar. Las experiencias docentes permitieron confirmar el gran valor que tiene la conformación de una spin-off que ofrezca servicios fonoaudiológicos a la comunidad educativa, brinde solución a las necesidades y complemente la labor docente

To demonstrate the viability of creating a university spin-off that offers speech and language services to solve communication difficulties that appear in the school environment for students, teachers and administrators. Methodology: This was a qualitative study with a mixed research design in which the results were obtained from a documentary review and the application of two data collection instruments to professionals in some public and private educational institutions in Medellin. Results: The results showed that the teachers do not fully recognize the functions of the speech and language therapist in the educational sector and it was also demonstrated that the participation in the processes carried out by this professional in the educational institutions has not been as expected. The teachers referred to identify various difficulties in the students and in themselves related to communication. In addition, they recognized the importance and need to include the speech and language therapist in the educational institutions.Conclusion: It is concluded that in the educational sector the communication difficulties presented by students, teachers and administrators are evident; however, in these educational institutions the speech and language service has not yet been integrated. Therefore, it is not possible to dimension the scope that the speech and language therapist has to benefit the school population. The teaching experiences allowed confirming the great value of the conformation of a spin-off that offers speech and language services to the educational community, providing solutions to the needs and complementing the teaching work

Altered neurovascular coupling in arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease and the correlation with cognitive function / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the global and local changes of neurovascular coupling in arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD) and the correlation with cognitive function.Methods:Forty-three patients with confirmed aCSVD from the outpatient department or ward of the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2020 and June 2021 were enrolled in this study. Meanwhile, 48 healthy subjects were selected as controls. Cognitive evaluation, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging scanning were performed in all subjects. The global cerebral blood flow-regional homogeneity (ReHo) correlation coefficient and the cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio were used to evaluate global and local neurovascular coupling. Meanwhile, correlations between the cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio and neuropsychological assessments were explored in aCSVD patients.Results:Global cerebral blood flow-ReHo coupling was decreased in aCSVD patients compared to healthy controls [aCSVD patients: 0.942(0.933, 0.950), healthy controls: 0.947(0.939, 0.954), Z=-2.11, P=0.035]. aCSVD patients showed decreased cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio in the right lingual gyrus ( t=-4.45, P<0.05) and increased cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio in the left ( t=4.91, P<0.05) and right ( t=4.72, P<0.05) inferior parietal lobule. Cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio of the right inferior parietal lobule was negatively correlated with total score ( r=-0.33, P=0.031) and praxis score ( r=-0.43, P=0.004) in Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Chinese Version subitems and positively correlated with scores of Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT)-color ( r=0.33, P=0.032), SCWT-word ( r=0.34, P=0.025) and Trail Making Test-B ( r=0.31, P=0.043) in aCSVD patients. While the cerebral blood flow/ReHo ratio of the right lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with Visual Replicate-Immediate Recall score ( r=-0.36, P=0.017). Conclusion:aCSVD patients showed abnormal global and local neurovascular coupling, which was associated with attention, executive function, and visual space function.

Prediction of diffuse glioma grade and tumor cell proliferative activity by synthetic MRI combined with three dimensional arterial spin labeling imaging / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of synthetic MRI combined with three dimensional-arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) imaging in the grading of diffuse glioma and its correlation with tumor cell proliferative activity (Ki-67).Methods:This study was prospective. The clinical and imaging manifestations of 66 patients with diffuse glioma who underwent synthetic MRI combined with 3D-ASL imaging from August 2020 to June 2021 in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were analyzed. Among 66 patients, there were 36 males and 30 females, aged 4-76 years, and divided into low grade glioma (LGG) group ( n=25) (WHO Ⅱ) and high grade glioma (HGG) group ( n=41) (WHO Ⅲ and vⅣ). T 1, T 2, proton density (PD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) of tumor parenchyma were measured by GE ADW4.7 postprocessing software. The Ki-67 label index (Ki-67 LI) in postoperative pathological sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of quantitative parameters between HGG group and LGG group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of T 1, PD, CBF and the combination. Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between the parameters and Ki-67 label index (LI). Results:T 1[(1 573±173)ms], PD[(86.2±2.4)pu] and CBF[(129±48)ml·100 g -1·min -1] in HGG group were significantly higher than those in LGG group [(1 376±134)ms, (83.0±2.5)pu and (77±49)ml·100g -1·min -1 respectively], and difference had statistical significance ( t=-4.86, -5.08, -4.24, P<0.01). ROC confirmed that the area under curve (AUC) of T 1, PD and CBF in differentiating HGG from LGG were 0.847, 0.843 and 0.777, respectively. In multi-parameter analysis, the combination of three parameters had the best diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.973) and the sensitivity and specificity were 87.8% and 100%, respectively. In LGG and HGG groups, there was no correlation between T 1, T 2, PD, CBF and Ki-67 LI. In the overall cohort, T 1, PD and CBF had slight positive correlation with Ki-67 LI ( r=0.394, 0.411 and 0.406, respectively, all P<0.01). There was no correlation between T 2 and Ki-67 LI ( r=-0.100, P=0.423). Conclusion:Synthetic MRI and 3D-ASL can noninvasively evaluate the pathological grade of glioma and predict the expression of Ki-67, among which T 1 and PD are novel imaging marks.

Nomogram for predicting the response to chemoradiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on arterial spin-labeled perfusion parameters and clinicopathological features / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of nomogram based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI perfusion parameters and clinicopathological features in predicting the response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (ANPC, stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ).Methods:From June 2018 to January 2021, 70 patients with ANPC confirmed by pathology were prospectively enrolled in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. Nasopharyngeal MRI plain scan, ASL and contrast-enhanced scan were performed before CRT, and routine MRI re-examination was performed within 1 week after the end of CRT. The pre-CRT perfusion parameter tumor blood flow (TBF) from ASL and clinicopathological features were recorded, and the maximum diameter (MD) of the tumor on T 1WI images was measured. The patients were divided into CRT effective group (48 cases) and ineffective group (22 cases) according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. The independent sample t test was used to compare the differences of TBF, age and MD between effective group and ineffective group. The χ 2 test was used to compare the differences of gender, clinical stage and pathological type between the 2 groups. Using binary logistic regression analysis, clinicopathological model and TBF combined clinicopathological model were constructed, and the nomogram of combined model was constructed. The diagnostic efficacy of the models was obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) of the 3 models were compared by DeLong method. The calibration curve for the nomogram was generated, and the concordance index (C index) was acquired. Results:The TBF of the effective group and the ineffective group were (113±9) and (97±14) ml·100 g -1·min -1, with a statistical difference ( t=5.17, P<0.001). The MD value of the effective group was smaller than that of the ineffective group, with a statistical difference ( t=-2.24, P=0.028). There were statistical differences in clinical stage and pathological type between the 2 groups (χ 2 values were 12.21 and 12.95, respectively, both P<0.001). Three independent predictors, including TBF (OR=7.749), clinical stage (OR=0.129) and pathological type (OR=5.228), were included in logistic regression analysis. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of TBF model in predicting the response to CRT were 0.843, 87.5% and 72.7%, of clinicopathological model were 0.822, 80.2% and 59.1%, of the nomogram model were 0.893, 81.2% and 90.9%. There was no statistical difference of AUC between the nomogram model and TBF model ( Z=1.23, P=0.215). However, the AUC of the nomogram model was greater than that of the clinicopathological model ( Z=2.47, P=0.031). The calibration curve showed that there was a good concordance index (C index=0.892) between the predicted value of nomogram and the actual clinical observation value. Conclusion:TBF, clinical stage and pathological type are independent predictors of the response to CRT in ANPC patients, and the nomogram based on these three factors has a good ability in predicting the response to CRT.

Application of multiple post labeling delay time arterial spin labeling imaging in the quantitative blood flow analysis of brain subregions in healthy adults / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To explore the normal ranges of perfusion parameters between cerebral hemisphere, cerebellar hemisphere and brain anatomical subregions (56 pairs) in different gender and age groups with multiple post labeling delay time (Multi-PLD) arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging.Methods:From November 2020 to December 2020, 42 healthy adult volunteers (Male 25, Female 17) were recruited to perform 7 PLD ASL imaging, including 21 young adults (15 males and 6 females, aged 23—35 years) and 21 seniors (10 males and 11 females, aged 36—74 years). The data was processed offline by Cereflow software to obtain arterial arrival time (ATT) and corrected cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) perfusion parameters. SimpleITK standardization function was used to standardize the calculated perfusion image according to the anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) template. Therefore, CBF, ATT, CBV perfusion values of brain subregions were obtained. Paired samples t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences of perfusion parameters in the cerebral hemisphere, the cerebellar hemisphere, brain subregions depending on side, gender and age. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlations of perfusion parameters with age. Results:CBF in 62.5% (35/56) subregions and CBV in 44.6% (25/56) subregions were higher in right side than those in left side. ATT in most brain anatomical subregions (16/56) were higher in left side. The CBF [(35.30±8.31) vs. (34.34±7.53) ml·100g -1·min -1, P=0.021], CBV [(0.47±0.11) vs. (0.45±0.09) ml/100g, P<0.001], ATT [(1.30±0.10) vs. (1.24±0.11) s, P<0.001] in left cerebellar hemisphere were higher than that of right side. The CBF (28/56) of cerebral hemisphere, cerebellar hemisphere and brain subregions was higher in females than that in males, while ATT in 83.9% (47/56) subregions was lower than that in males (all P<0.05). CBV in female subjects was higher only in 5 brain regions (superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus and cerebelum_7b) (all P<0.05). In young subjects, CBF in 44.6% (25/56) subregions and CBV in 33.9% (19/56) subregions were higher than those in the senior group (all P<0.05). The ATT in most subregions in young group were lower than those in senior group, but the difference was statistically significant only in rectus gyrus ( P=0.026) and paracentral lobule ( P=0.006). The CBF ( r=-0.430, P=0.005) and CBV ( r=-0.327, P=0.035) of cerebral hemisphere were negatively correlated with age. The CBF (24/25, r range:-0.497 —-0.343, all P<0.05) and CBV (16/19, r range:-0.474 —-0.322, all P<0.05) in most subregions were negatively correlated with age, while ATT was positively correlated (gyrus rectus: r=0.311, P=0.045; paracentral lobule: r=0.392, P=0.010). Conclusions:Multi-PLD ASL imaging could be applied for quantitative analysis of brain perfusion. The perfusion parameters of anatomical subregions are different depending on side, gender, and age.

Application Progress of Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Renal Perfusion Analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

Arterial spin labeling is a noninvasive,quantitative method for perfusion imaging,which does not need any contrast media.This technique has been used in the renal perfusion analysis.In this article,we briefly introduced this technique and summarized its application in healthy volunteers,acute kidney injury,chronic kidney diseases,renovascular diseases,renal tumors,and renal transplantation.

Study of sub-region segmentation of brain metastases based on magnetic resonance perfusion imaging / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging for sub-region segmentation of brain metastases (BMs), and to provide reference for individualized radiotherapy based on blood flow perfusion heterogeneity in BMs patients.Methods:96 BMs patients were selected, including 55 patients with necrosis and 41 without necrosis. Each patient was scanned with CT simulation and MR simulation before radiotherapy. MIM Maestro 6.8.8 software was used to delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV) and necrosis GTV (GTV N) from enhanced T 1W images and T 2 Propeller images, respectively, and the solid GTV (GTV S) was obtained by the subtraction of the two. Then, the cerebral blood flow map of three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) was employed to determine the high perfused GTV (GTV H) and low perfused GTV (GTV L). The volume and proportion of sub-regions were counted and compared between two groups and the correlation of each sub-region was analyzed. Results:The volume of GTV in the necrosis and non-necrosis groups was 19.56 and 7.34 cm 3, respectively. Besides, the AUC of the ROC between GTV volume and necrosis was 0.749. In the necrosis group, the ratio of GTV N, GTV S, GTV H and GTV L to GTV was 20.47%, 79.53%, 33.03% and 46.50%, respectively (all P<0.05). Among them, the r value between GTV S and GTV was 0.963, 0.849 for GTV L and GTV, and 0.840 for GTV L and GTV S, significantly higher than 0.683 for GTV H and GTV and 0.764 for GTV H and GTV S (all P<0.05). In the non-necrosis group, the ratio of GTV H to GTV was higher than that in the necrosis group (58.95% vs. 33.03%, P<0.05). In addition, the ratio of GTV L to GTV was slightly lower than that in the necrosis group (41.05% vs. 46.50%, P>0.05). The r value between GTV H and GTV was 0.776, significantly higher than 0.574 between GTV L and GTV ( P<0.05). Conclusion:MR-3D-ASL can quantitatively analyze the heterogeneous blood perfusion of BMs, which could guide the sub-region segmentation and local dose escalation of tumors.

Imaging value of intracranial steno-occlusive disease based on silent MR angiography modified with hybrid-arterial spin labeling / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the stability and feasibility of improved silent MRA technique based on hybrid-arterial spin labeling(ASL) for imaging intracranial arterial stenosis.Methods:From September 2019 to May 2020, totally 35 patients with suspected intracranial vascular stenosis in Department of Neurology of Northern Jiangsu People′s Hospital were enrolled in this study. Silent MRA and improved silent MRA based on hybrid-ASL technique were performed respectively. The acquisition noise (noise measurement and subjective score) of two kinds of MRA examination were evaluated respectively. Two neuroradiologists performed image quality scoring and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement of intracranial arteries (including internal carotid artery, vertebrobasilar artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery) in the two kinds of MRA images using a double-blind, completely randomized method. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the image quality and SNR of two kinds of MRA images in each segment. Two experts assessed the degree of stenosis at the site of confirmed intracranial artery stenosis. Kappa test was used to assess interobserver and intermodel agreement. Results:There was no significant difference in acquisition noise between improved silent MRA and silent MRA ( P>0.05). In all five segments measured, the image quality scores of internal carotid artery [(4.40±0.49)scores], anterior cerebral artery[(4.30±0.33)scores] and middle cerebral artery [(4.46±0.34)scores] in improved silent MRA were higher than those in silent MRA images [(4.02±0.43)scores, (4.02±0.31)scores, (4.02±0.31)scores; t=2.825, 2.877, 1.683, all P<0.05)]. The SNR of internal carotid artery (9.11±1.23) and middle cerebral artery (8.77±1.87) in improved silent MRA images was higher than that in silent MRA images (7.83±1.33, 8.06±2.67, respectively; t=11.154, 3.268, both P<0.05). A total of 24 patients (38 lesions) with intracranial vascular stenosis were diagnosed by CTA. Improved silent MRA (Kappa=0.89, 95%CI 0.82-0.95) and silent MRA (Kappa=0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.92) were highly consistent among observers in evaluating the degree of cerebrovascular stenosis.The results of improved silent MRA were highly consistent with those of CTA (Kappa=0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.98), and those of silent MRA were highly consistent with those of CTA (Kappa=0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.92). Conclusions:The improved silent MRA is feasible to improve the imaging quality and signal uniformity through efficient marking based on keeping the low noise features. In the diagnosis of intracranial stenosis and occlusive disease, the stability of improved silent MRA imaging improves the diagnostic efficiency of stenosis to a certain extent.

Acciones para la técnica top spin de revés, en atletas escolares de tenis de mesa / Ações para a técnica do backhand top spin em atletas escolais de tênis de mesa / Actions for the technical top setback spin in athletes of tennis of table

Resumen El presente trabajo se genera a partir del análisis de los resultados obtenidos por los atletas de tenis de mesa, de la categoría sub 13 años de la Eide de Pinar del Rio, en los campeonatos nacionales escolares 2017 y 2018, donde no se obtuvieron buenos resultados, presentándose dificultades en la efectividad durante los partidos efectuados. De ahí que, en la búsqueda de logros competitivos superiores, se planteó como objetivo: concebir un sistema de acciones estratégicas para el perfeccionamiento de la técnica top-spin de revés sobre el efecto abajo, en situaciones reales del juego que aumente la efectividad en los atletas de tenis de mesa, en la categoría sub 13 años de la Eide de Pinar del Río. Para ello, se aplicaron métodos científicos tales como: la observación, la entrevista, así como la revisión de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas, que permitieron, a partir del diagnóstico del fenómeno a estudiar, elaborar el sistema de acciones para enfrentar la solución de la problemática planteada.

Resumo Este trabalho é gerado a partir da análise dos resultados obtidos por atletas de tênis de mesa, na categoria menores de 13 anos da Eide de Pinar del Rio, nos campeonatos escolares nacionais de 2017 e 2018, onde não foram obtidos bons resultados, apresentando dificuldades de eficácia durante as partidas disputadas. Assim, na busca por conquistas competitivas superiores, o objetivo foi: conceber um sistema de ações estratégicas para o aprimoramento da técnica do backhand top spin no efeito downward, em situações reais de jogo que aumente a eficácia em atletas de tênis de mesa, na categoria menores de 13 anos da Eide de Pinar del Río. Para tanto, foram aplicados métodos científicos como: observação, entrevista, bem como a revisão de diferentes fontes bibliográficas, o que permitiu, a partir do diagnóstico do fenômeno a ser estudado, desenvolver o sistema de ações para o enfrentamento da solução do problema levantado.

Abstract The work that sample the results of a study carried out in the development of the championships national school 2017 and 2018 is presented where the athletes of Tennis of Table of the category sub 13 years of the Eide of Pinar del Río they presented difficulties in the effectiveness during the made parties. With the result that in the search competitive achievements you outlines as objective for that investigation to improve the technical top setback spin in the school athletes of the EIDE of Pinegrove of the River, assisting to the current tendencies of the sport training. Such scientific methods were applied as the observations, the interview, as well as they revised it different bibliographical sources that facilitated to diagnose the phenomenon to study and their possible solution with a system of actions strategic altars of solving the deficiencies that it exists in the athletes of tennis of table of the county of Pinar del Río.

The application of magnetic resonance imaging-guided microwave ablation for lung cancer

Context: It is necessary to explore a minimally invasive, effective, and efficient treatment for those lung cancer patients who are poor candidates for surgery. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the application of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of lung cancer. Settings and Design: A total of 43 patients with 44 pulmonary lesions were examined following identical procedures before being randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group consists of 17 patients with a total of 18 pulmonary lesions, while the control group consists of 26 patients with a total of 26 pulmonary lesions. Materials and Methods: The experimental group was treated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided MWA while the control group was treated using computer tomography (CT)-guided MWA. A transverse relaxation time-turbo spin echo (T2-TSE) sequence was used for signal collection in the experimental group to determine puncture location and microwave needle position while T2-TSE, T1-turbo field echo, and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) sequences were used for timely efficacy evaluation. Whereas in the control group, CT axial scanning was performed to serve similar purposes. Statistical Analysis Used: A nonparametric Wilcoxon test, median (M [25%, 75%]). Results: All of the 44 lesions were successfully located on the first attempt. The mean time for scanning and locating lung lesions under MRI and CT guidance were 64.53 and 42.96 min, the mean times of positioning were 12 and 18 min, and the mean durations of MWA were 12.48 and 15.06 min, respectively. Conclusions: As a minimally invasive method for treating lung tumors, MRI-guided MWA requires fewer localization scans, a shorter MWA duration, no radiation, real-time observation of the curative effect, and it prevents overtreatment

Platelet Rich Plasma in Androgenetic Alopecia- A Prospective Study.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss in males and this has profound effect on the quality of life of patients. There are various treatment modalities and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is one with promising effect in various studies. It contains platelets at a concentration of more than one million and contains various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors, epidermal growth factors which promote hair growth. As it is autologous, it has very few side effects.METHODS20 patients with AGA belonging to the age group 18- 40 years, Hamilton Norwood Stage 1-4 who attended dermatology OPD were included. Dermoscopic analysis of hair count was done at a specific distance from left medial eyebrow; the hair density was noted; images were taken and recorded. PRP was prepared by Manual Double Spin method; Under local anaesthesia, both spray technique and microdermabrasion injection technique were done. The procedure was repeated every 3 months and dermoscopy was done at each visit at the fixed site. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA test and paired t test for these groups.RESULTS83% had decrease in hair fall and 72% reported increase in hair growth at 3 months. Pain was the most common side effect. There was significant increase in hair density at each visit and there was negative correlation between duration of disease and increase in hair density.