RESUMO
Uterine leiomyosarcomas are rare aggressive tumors, with high recurrence rates, even when confined to the uterine corpus at the time of diagnosis. It arises from smooth muscle of uterus and is a rare tumor that accounts for 2-5% of all uterine malignancies. These tumors typically spread hematogenously. Patients present with vague symptoms similar to those of patients with leiomyomas. Most patients are diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma postoperatively. Although prognosis remains dismal, various ongoing studies are investigating the role of advanced imaging, multimodality treatment, prognostic nomograms, and unique biomedical pathways to increase understanding of leiomyosarcoma and improve therapeutic options for patients. 46 years old para2 live2 postmenopausal (since 1.5 year) female presented to outpatient clinic with complaints of bleeding per vaginum, foul smelling discharge, unquantified weight loss and something coming out of vagina since 1.5 months. On abdominal examination, an irregular midline mass arising from pelvis corresponding to 20 weeks gestational size of uterus was present. On vaginal examination, 3 infected vaginal growths were present in vagina maximum 4x4cm. Intra-operatively, uterus was nearly 20 weeks size with irregular surface. A 3×3 cm subseroal fibroid with necrotic surface was present on posterior wall of uterus. Cut section of the operative specimen showed myohyperplasia which was compressing the uterine cavity, some necrotic areas were also present. Vaginal growths - 4×4 cm on left vaginal wall near introitus with necrotic surface, 3×3 cm on right vaginal wall, 1×1 cm on right upper vaginal wall present. Excision of vaginal growth was done and was sent for histopathology. Histopathologic examination of sections of uterus showed all features were suggestive of leiomyosarcoma uterus.
RESUMO
Hasta hace algunos años en las mujeres sometidas a histerectomía por patología benigna, que tuvieran 45 o más años, se efectuaba de regla una salpingoooforectomía (SOB) bilateral, como prevención de cáncer de ovario. Esto está actualmente en discusión. Hay dos grandes estudios de cohortes poblacionales y un estudio prospectivo observacional que analizan los efectos adversos cardiovasculares y el cáncer de ovario en mujeres sometidas a SOB. Basados en estos análisis y otros datos de la literatura, se pueden plantear algunas conclusiones. En mujeres premenopáusicas y hasta los 50 años la conducta óptima es preservar los ovarios, entre 51 y 65 años no está claro que lo mejor sea extirparlos y en mayores de 65 aún no se ha probado efectos deletéreos a raíz de la intervención.
The age to perform prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign conditions is being actually discussed. Two population based cohorts studies and one prospective observational study evaluate cardiovascular disease and ovarian cancer with a history of oophorectomy. Some conclusions can be drawn. Until 50 years or premenopausal women, ovarian conservation should be the norm, between 51 and 65 there are no clear indications for removal and in older than 65 no negative effects have been described.