Phytochemical and Pharmacological Screening for Antidiabetic Activity of Salvia aegyptiaca L. Ethanolic Leaves Extract

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, which results in high levels of glucose in the body after a meal or fasting. This disease is caused by the absence or reduction of insulin secretion. Accordingly, diabetes is usually classified into two types, Type 1(IDDM) and Type II (NIDDM). The aim of the present study is to carry the phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extract. Phytochemical study was carried out by standard methods, shows the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, proteins, glycosides, carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids, while saponins shown to be absent. Antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lwere carried out in both normoglycemic and diabetic induced rats. Normoglycemic animal group were fed with ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca Lat a dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg alone for 14days, showed decrease in blood glucose level. In diabetic animal group the rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal(i.p) injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate, then followed by administration of ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca(250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) and standard Tolbutamide (50mg/kg,p.o) for14 days. The results of the diabetic induced group also showed decrease in glucose levels. The results of thecurrent investigation demonstrate that various phytochemical present in Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extracts, might be responsible for antidiabetic effect, due to its known antioxidant property

Studies on the effect of Salvia aegyptiaca and Trigonella foenum graecum extracts on adult male mice.

Salvia aegyptiaca (Egyptian sage) and Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) have potential tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolics as examined in vitro in the present study. In addition, the antioxidant effect of Egyptian sage (ESE) and fenugreek (FE) extracts were evaluated in normal male adult mice. Also, there is no evidence about the positive and/or negative effect of those extracts on male fertility. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of those extracts, liver and kidney functions, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide. In addition, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant molecules as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were estimated. Also, histological examination of testis was done. The results revealed that both extract of ESE and FE have potent antioxidant activity by reducing lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide formation in testis tissues of mice. Those activities were extended to non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense components such as GSH, CAT, SOD, GR and GST. Additionally, ESE mixed to FE caused enhancement in testis structure with improved seminiferous tubules and spermatozoa. In conclusion, the results obtained showed that ESE and FE may contain some biologically active components that may be active against oxidative stress, and this may be the basis for its traditional use for environmental toxins.