O universo do futebol no Brasil: os significadosdo torneio BAPE no Sertão do Rio São Francisco / The soccer universe in Brazil: the meanings of the BAPE tournament in the Sertão of the São Francisco River / El universo del fútbol en Brasil: los significados del torneo BAPE en el Sertão do Rio São Francisco

Objetivo: O artigo tematiza o universo do futebol amador do Sertão do Rio São Francisco através de um torneio denominado BAPE, cujo diferencial era opor times das cidades de Juazeiro (Bahia) e Petrolina (Pernambuco). Nosso objetivo é tomar esses jogos como veículos para a interpretação da cultura local. Método:A metodologia primou pela análise de reportagens jornalísticas realizadas pelo Jornal de Juazeiro durante a existência do torneio por três décadas, de 1970 a 1990. Conclusão:A análise documental evidenciou que o universo futebolístico do Bape trazia nas suas dinâmicas nuances e características significativas do contexto sociocultural do Vale do São Francisco, que se expressavam sobretudo pelas relações de rivalidade e vizinhança na construção social das identidades das cidades de Juazeiro e Petrolina.

Objective: This article thematizes the amateur soccer from the Sertão do Rio São Francisco through a tournament named BAPE, whose differential was oppose teams from the city of Juazeiro (Bahia) and Petrolina (Pernambuco). Our goal is to take these games as vehicles for interpreting local culture. Method:The methodology excelled in the analysis of journalistic reports carried out by the Jornal de Juazeiro, from 1970 to 1990. Conclusion:The documental analysis evidenced which the BAPE soccer universe brought in its dynamics nuances and significant features in the sociocultural contexto of the Vale do São Francisco, who expressed themselves, mainly because of the rivalry relationships and neighborhood in the identity construction of the cities Juazeiro and Petrolina.

Objetivo: El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar lo que el universo futbolístico de un torneo de fútbol amateur denominado BAPE reveló sobre el Valle de São Francisco durante el período en que se llevó a cabo. Ocurrió en las ciudades de Juazeiro da Bahía y Petrolina en Pernambuco, su nombre se refería a las abreviaturas de sus respectivos estados federales. Método:La metodología destacó en el análisis de reportajes periodísticos realizados por Jornal de Juazeiro en la ciudad de Juazeiro-Ba durante la existencia del torneo durante tres décadas, de 1970 a 1990. Conclusão:Aspectosdel contexto sociocultural del Valle de São Francisco, que fueron expresado, sobre todo, a través de las relaciones de rivalidad y vecindad entre las ciudades de Juazeiro y Petrolina.

Prognostic outcomes of salvage liver transplantation under different transplantation criteria / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To compare the prognoses of salvage liver transplantation fulfilling the Criteria of Milan, University of California San Francisco(UCSF)and Hangzhou.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 256 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)undergoing donation after citizen death(DCD)liver transplantation(LT)from January 2015 to October 2019.They were divided into two groups of primary(PLT, n=175)and salvage(SLT, n=81). General profiles, tumor pathological characteristics and postoperative complications of two groups were compared by T-test, rank-sum or χ2 test.Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were employed for comparing overall survival rate(OS)and recurrence-free survival rate(RFS)between two groups.In SLT group, 31 cases fulfilled Milan criteria, 45 cases UCSF criteria and 69 cases Hangzhou criteria.OS/RFS of three groups were compared.According to there was downstaging or bridging treatment pre-LT, SLT group was divided into downstaging group(n=32)and non-downstaging group(n=49). OS/RFS of two groups were compared.According to the Rescit1.1 criteria, downstaging group were divided into remission group(n=14)and non-remission group(n=18)and OS/RFS of two groups were compared. Results:The operative durations of PLT and SLT groups were(439.5±74.9)and(475.1±83.4)min respectively.There was significant inter-group difference( P<0.05); However, no significant inter-group difference existed in amount of intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion, postoperative hospital stay or incidence of postoperative complications(all P>0.05). No significant difference existed in OS/RFS between PLT and SLT groups( P>0.05). No significant difference existed in OS at 1/3/5 years post-SLT among Milan, UCSF and Hangzhou criteria groups(all P>0.05); However, RFS in Milan criteria group at 1/3/5 years post-SLT were 93.5%, 81.7% and 81.7% respectively.They were significantly higher than 68.9%, 59.7% and 59.7% in UCSF criteria group and 78.3%, 58.8% and 55.5% in Hangzhou criteria group(all P<0.05). For patients on downstaging therapy, OS in the Remission group at 1, 3 and 5 years post-SLT were 100%, 73% and 73% respectively, which was significantly higher than 83.3%, 49.4% and 0 in non-Remission group( P=0.042). RFS in the Remission group at 1, 3 and 5 years post-SLT were 100%, 62.5% and 46.9% respectively, which was significantly higher than 52.9%, 0 and 0 in no-Remission group( P=0.001). Conclusions:The survival outcome of SLT recipients is similar to that of PLT recipients.The overall survival of SLT recipients shows no significant difference between Milan, UCSF and Hangzhou criteria.However, SLT recipients fulfilling Milan criteria have the longest recurrence-free time.The prognosis of patients with remission after preoperative descending treatment is superior to that of patients without remission.

O futebol no Vale do São Francisco: os significados do torneio BAPE em Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE

RESUMO A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os significados históricos e socioculturais de um torneio de futebol denominado BAPE - o nome designa as siglas dos estados da Bahia e Pernambuco - ocorrido nas cidades de Juazeiro-BA e Petrolina-PE. A metodologia apoia-se na Nova História Cultural, compreende publicações periódicas (da década de 1980) na imprensa escrita como fonte de pesquisa e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado pela análise documental de matérias jornalísticas que noticiaram o evento. Essas matérias refletem o quão importante foi o torneio, por ser uma iniciativa inédita que consistia em opor suas equipes de futebol amador, ritualizando sentimentos de vizinhança e rivalidade entre as cidades, compondo uma agenda esportiva e de sociabilidade para o Vale do São Francisco.

ABSTRACT The research aims to understand the historical and sociocultural meanings of a soccer tournament called BAPE - the name designates the acronyms of the states of Bahia and Pernambuco - occurred in the cities of Juazeiro-BA and Petrolina-PE. The methodology supports in the New Cultural History, comprises periodical publications (of the 1980s) in the written press as a source of research and the treatment of the data was done by the documentary analysis of journalistic matters that reported the event. These matters reflect how important the tournament was, as it was an unprecedented initiative to oppose their amateur soccer teams, ritualizing neighborhood feelings and rivalry between cities, composing a sports and sociability agenda for the San Francisco Valley.

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender los significados históricos y socioculturales de un torneo de fútbol denominado BAPE - las siglas designam los estados de Bahía y Pernambuco - ocurrido en las ciudades de Juazeiro-BA y Petrolina-PE. La metodología apoya en la Nueva Historia Cultural, comprende publicaciones de la década de 1980 en la prensa escrita y el tratamiento de los datos fue realizado por el análisis documental de materias periodísticas que noticiaron el evento. Estas materias reflejan lo importante que fue el torneo, por ser una iniciativa inédita que consistía en oponer a sus equipos de fútbol aficionado, ritualizando sentimientos de vecindad y rivalidad entre las ciudades, componiendo una agenda deportiva y de sociabilidad para el Valle del San Francisco.

Prevalencia de cicatrices retinocoroideas por toxoplasma en una población del Paraguay / Prevalence of toxoplasma retinochoroidal scars in a paraguayan population

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de cicatrices retinianas por toxoplasmosis en la población adulta en el municipio de San Francisco de Atyra en Paraguay. Se examinó dicha población desde julio del 2013 hasta marzo 2014, con la participaron en forma voluntaria de 61 familias seleccionadas al azar y dentro de cada una de ellas un integrante mayor de 18 años igualmente seleccionado al azar. Se realizó la toma de la agudeza visual utilizando la cartilla de Snellen en cada ojo por separado a 6 metros del paciente, refracción automatizada, prueba refractiva, biomicroscopía en lámpara de hendidura con énfasis en la profundidad de la cámara anterior de forma inmediata se descartaron pacientes con cámaras anteriores pandas o estrechas (utilización de gonioscopio mirrow 4 mini), presión intraocular, instilación de Tropicamida 0,5%/Fenilefrina HCL 5% en cada ojo, evaluación del polo posterior en lámpara de hendidura con lente de 90D Superfield, oftalmoscopia indirecta con lente de 20D y fotografía en la cámara no midriática. El diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis ocular fue basado en criterios clínicos, y aspectos de la cicatriz de la lesión por retinocoroiditis. Recibieron evaluación oftalmológica 61 pacientes de los cuales 6 pacientes fueron excluidos. La prevalencia de cicatrices corioretininanas fue del 9,1%, siendo más frecuente en hombres sin predilección de edad ni de lateralidad ocular, con agudeza visual igual o mejor a 20/40 con su mejor corrección.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of retinal scars caused bytoxoplasmosis in an adult population from the municipality of San Francisco de Atyra inParaguay. The population of this town was examined from July, 2013 to March 2014.Sixty families, randomly selected, participated voluntarily and within each of them amember older than 18 years of age also selected randomly. Visual acuity was measuredusing the Snellen chart in each eye separately at 6 meters from the patient, as well as theautomated refraction, refraction test, biomicroscopy with a slit lamp with emphasis in thedepth of the anterior chamber. Patients with panda or narrow front chambers (use of amini 4 mirror gonioscope) were discarded. Intraocular pressure, instillation of tropicamide0.5%/phenylephrine HCl 5% in each eye, evaluation of the posterior pole in a slit lampwith 90D Superfield lens, indirect ophtalmoscopy with 20D lenses and photography with non-mydriatic camera were also carried out. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis wasbased in clinical criteria and aspects of the lesion scar by retinochoroiditis. Sixty onepatients were evaluated ophtalmologically and six were excluded. The prevalence ofchorioretinal scars was 9.1% being more frequent in men without age predominance orocular laterality, with visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 with its best correction.

The Story of Serratia Marcescens: Pathologic Risk Factors in Breast Implant Surgery

Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) emerged as an opportunist in the setting of immunodeficiency in the 1970s, when serious infections occurred in San Francisco hospitals after USA. Navy experiments had aerosolized the bacteria to study biologic warfare. We investigate the risks of S. marcescens in San Franciscans who undergo mastectomy with implant reconstruction. From 2007 to 2011, the senior author took breast capsule cultures for all patients at the time of tissue expander exchange/explant. Of the 142 women who had reconstruction, 23 had positive cultures. Only the two patients who were positive for S. marcescens developed clinical infections that required explantation. Both had postoperative chemotherapy with transient neutropenia, and both had close ties to San Francisco. Clinical signs of infection emerged for both patients months after initial surgery, despite having previously well healed incisions. Other patients were culture positive for Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterococcus and MRSA and did not develop require explant. While the link between San Francisco and S. marcescens is controversial, a patient's geography is a simple screening tool when considering postoperative risks, especially in the immunocompromised. Closer monitoring for neutropenia during chemotherapy, and a lower threshold to administer S. marcescens targeted antibiotics may be warranted in these patients.

The "Oriental" Problem: Trachoma and Asian Immigrants in the United States, 1897-1910 / 의사학

This essay examines the period between 1897 and 1910, when trachoma, a contagious eye disease, became an "Oriental" problem that justified exclusionary immigration policy against Asians entering the United States. It also investigates the ways in which the public fear and alleged threat of the eye disease destabilized and undermined the rights of Asian immigrants. Many scholars have explored the link between trachoma and southern and eastern European newcomers, in particular Jews, but they have not paid much attention to Chinese or Japanese immigrants, for whose exclusion trachoma played a significant role. This is primarily because the number of Asian immigrants was much smaller than that of their European counterparts and because the Chinese Exclusion Acts, which had already been in place, functioned as a stronger and more lasting deterrent to Asian immigration than exclusion or deportation through medical inspection. Moreover, into the 1910s, medical and scientific innovations for detecting parasitic diseases (e.g. hookworm) helped American authorities exclude Asians in larger numbers. Still, the analysis of the discourses surrounding trachoma and immigration from Asia, though short-lived, demonstrates the role of medical inspection in controlling and regulating Asian immigrants, in particular Chinese and Japanese, into the United States and in constructing their legal and political rights. In 1906, the fear of trachoma justified an order to segregate Japanese students from white children in San Francisco even at the cost of compromising their rights as citizens. Along with fierce criticisms against immigration officials by the American public, the 1910 investigation of the San Francisco Immigration Office problematized the admission of trachoma-afflicted Asian immigrants. Those critical of the Immigration Office and its implementation of American immigration policy called for exclusionary measures to limit the privileges of exempt classes and domiciled aliens and hinder the exertion of their rights to leave and reenter their adopted country. The two examples show that trachoma was a convenient excuse to condemn inefficient immigration policy and regulate allegedly diseased Asian bodies. In 1910, the federal government made a decision to relegate to steamship companies full responsibility for medical inspection at Asian ports. Since they had to pay a fine for every immigrant excluded at American borders for medical reasons, including trachoma, steamship companies carried out more rigorous examinations. With medical advancements and growing interest in parasitic diseases, trachoma soon lost its appeal to immigration authorities. However, the association of immigration, race, and disease has continued to provide a rationale for immigration control beyond American borders.

Climate Change Adaptations for California’s San Francisco Bay Area Water Supplies.

The impact of climate changes on both sea level and the temporal and spatial distribution of runoff will affect water supply reliability and operations in California. To meet future urban water demands in the San Francisco Bay Area, local water managers can adapt by changing water supply portfolios and operations. An engineering economic model, CALVIN, which optimizes water supply operations and allocations, was used to explore the effects on water supply of a severely warmer drier climate and substantial sea level rise, and to identify economically promising long-term adaptations for San Francisco Bay Area water systems. This modeling suggests that Bay Area urban water demands can be largely met, even under severe forms of climate change, but at a cost. Costs are from purchasing water from agricultural users (with agricultural opportunity costs), expensive water recycling and desalination alternatives, and some increases in water scarcity (costs of water conservation). The modeling also demonstrates the importance of water transfer and intertie infrastructure to facilitate flexible water management among Bay Area water agencies. The intertie capacity developed by Bay Area agencies for emergencies, such as earthquakes, becomes even more valuable for responding to severe changes in climate.

Estrutura da assembléia de peixes de uma lagoa marginal desconectada do rio, no submédio Rio São Francisco, Pernambuco / Fish assemblage structure in a marginal lake disconnected from the submedium São Francisco River, Pernambuco

Foram realizadas coletas utilizando vários apetrechos de pesca, entre os meses de março/07 e fevereiro/08, na lagoa Curralinho, uma lagoa marginal no trecho submédio do rio São Francisco, com o objetivo de avaliar a composição ictiofaunística após seu isolamento da calha principal do rio e deplecionamento de água. Foi coletado um total de 4.638 espécimes, com uma biomassa de 129.782,84 g, distribuídos em 16 famílias e 47 espécies das ordens Characiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes e Clupeiformes. Observou-se que os Characiformes foram os mais abundantes, com 87,3 por cento dos exemplares de pequeno (<100 mm) e médio porte (<200 mm). Dentre as espécies encontradas, 26,7 por cento são constantes, 35,6 por cento acessórias e 37,8 por cento acidentais. Characidae concentra a maioria das espécies e indivíduos, seguida de Acestrorhynchidae. Moenkhausia costae, Triportheus guentheri, Pygocentrus piraya e Prochilodus argenteus apresentaram constância de 100 por cento. Invertívoros e piscívoros dominaram quantitativamente e sua biomassa indica um domínio de predadores, tendo os detritívoros apresentado a segunda maior biomassa. Houve uma predominância de espécies sedentárias, com poucos exemplares de espécies migradoras, das famílias Anostomidae e Prochilodontidae e Salminus franciscanus. A riqueza, diversidade e eqüitabilidade apresentaram-se relativamente altas durante todo o período de estudo. Pode-se concluir que a lagoa Curralinho é um importante ambiente de abrigo, alimentação e descanso para a ictiofauna, mantendo peixes forrageiros que servem de base para a cadeia trófica e a sustentação pesqueira. Em vista disso, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais e práticas de manejo que preservem a integridade desses habitats e a funcionalidade de seu papel na conservação da ictiodiversidade deste trecho da bacia do São Francisco.

Samplings with various fishing devices were undertaken between March 2007 and February 2008, in the Curralinho lake, a marginal pond located in the submedium São Francisco river, aiming at evaluating the fish fauna composition after its isolation from the river channel and water depletion. A total of 4,638 specimens was collected, with a biomass of 129,782.84 g, distributed in 16 families and 47 species from the Orders Characiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes and Clupeiformes. Characiformes were most abundant and 87.3 percent of the specimens were small (<100 mm) or medium-sized (<200 mm). Among the species collected, 26.7 percent were constant, 35.6 percent accessory and 37.8 percent accidental. Characidae encompasses most of the species and individuals, followed by Acestrorhynchidae. Moenkhausia costae, Triportheus guentheri, Pygocentrus piraya and Prochilodus argenteus were present in all samples. Invertivores and piscivores dominated quantitatively and their biomass indicate a predominance of predators, with detritivores presenting the second greatest biomass. Resident species prevailed, with few individuals of migratory fish belonging to Anostomidae and Prochilodontidae families and Salminus franciscanus. Fish richness, diversity and equitability were relatively high throughout the period of study. It may be concluded that the Curralinho lake is an important shelter, feeding and resting ground for the ichthyofauna, mainly for forage fish that serve as the basis of the trophic chain and fisheries´ sustainability. Therefore, there is an urgent need of environmental policy and management practices development that would preserve habitat integrity and functionability of their role in the conservation of ichthyodiversity of this stretch of the São Francisco basin.