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Aim To study the effect of drug-containing serum of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus and compatible with Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma -on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and explore the related mechanism. Methods SD rats were given Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (SF, 3.9 g • kg"1), Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus-Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma (SG, 1 : 1, 1 '• 1. 5, the extract 3. 9 g • kg"1 in crud of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), once per day, the drug-containing serum was prepared after seven days of continuous administration. Conventional cultivation of human normal hepatocytes (L02 cells) in vitro, cells were divided into blank control group, SF group, and SG(1 : 1 and 1 : 1.5) group. After 48 hours' treatment , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) release was detected by the kit, the levels of intracellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected by biochemical method. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR-a, PPAR-7, Fabpl/2, SREBPlc, ACCa and FAS were detected by the real-time reverse tran scrip- tion polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ). Results The biochemical results showed that compared with the blank group, the content of TG and TC in SF group increased significantly (P < 0. 05 ) , the mRNA expres sion of PPAR-a and PPAR-7 in SF group was significantly reduced, and the mRNA expression of SREBPlc and ACCa markedly increased ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). When compared with SF group, the levels of TG and TC in SG (1 : 1) group were significantly reduced (P <0. 05) , the mRNA expressions of Fabpl/2 and FAS in SG (1 : 1) group were significantly reduced, while the mRNA expression of SREBPlc significantly increased ( P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01 ). TC content in SG (1 : 1.5) group significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ) and the mRNA expression of PPAR-7, SREBP1 c in SG (1 : 1.5) significantly increased, but the Fabpl/2 and FAS markedly decreased (P <0. 05, P < 0. 01). Conclusions SF containing serum can significantly increase the content of TG and TC in hepatocytes , and the SG containing serum can significantly improve the elevated TG and TC contents and reduce lipid accumulation. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of mRNA expression of PPAR-a, PPAR- 7, Fabpl/2, SREBPlc, ACCa and FAS.
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Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (SCF) is the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., a perennial vine. It was first recorded in Shen Nong's herbal classic and has a long application history. Studies have shown that SCF has anti-inflammatory, protective liver, antioxidant, antibacterial and other pharmacological effects. Ancient prescriptions are commonly used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and other intestinal diseases and diabetes. Modern clinical phar?macology features of SCF polysaccharide (SCFP) in diabetes, liver diseases, enteritis and other aspects have achieved excellent results. Gut is an important digestive organ of human body, but intestinal diseases are varied, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal flora imbalance, etc.. It is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease. The disease is persisted for a long time and the incidence rate is expected to rise. Most of the symptoms are recurrent diarrhea, bloody stool and abdominal pain. It is considered by the World Health Organization as a refractory disease. At present, there is little possibility of complete cure, which is closely related to complex environmental factors, eating hab?its and heredity. In recent years, clinical studies have found that SCFP has a variety of pharmacological effects on intes?tinal protection.①Reduce inflammatory factors:intestinal mucositis is a common adverse reaction in patients with chemo?therapy. The development of mucositis is related to pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, Interferon-γ(IFN-γ). SCFP can significantly reduce IL-6 TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, as well as the accumulation of T cells in the process of resisting apoptosis, reduce the inflammatory reaction and protect the dam?age to villi and crypts, improve the symptoms of small intestinal mucositis caused by weight loss and diarrhea. ② Pro?mote immunoglobulin A secretion: intestinal mucosal immunity is the first line of defense of the body's immune system. Its main antibody is secretory immunoglobulin A, which can destroy and phagocytize microorganisms, bacteria and viruses. SCFP can improve intestinal immunity by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes, promoting the secre?tion of secretory immunoglobulin A, and affecting the activity of a variety of cytokines. ③ Regulation of intestinal flora:the flora in the intestine has the functions of auxiliary nutrient absorption, biological antagonism and immune regulation, and can form a natural barrier for the host's intestine. When the human intestinal flora is disordered, probiotics will be greatly reduced, harmful bacteria will proliferate and destroy the intestinal environment. Under these conditions, the intake of SCFP significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, and sig?nificantly decreased the number of conditional pathogens such as enterococcus and escherichia coli, indicating that SCFP can indeed regulate the intestinal disorder caused by lincomycin hydrochloride to a certain extent. This may be because beneficial bacteria in the intestine metabolize polysaccharides produce short chain fatty acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which reduces the pH value in the intestine and inhibits the growth of enterococcus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, SCFP can treat and protect intestinal diseases to a certain extent, which provides a favorable basis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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AIM To determine the contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,Cu and As in vinegar-processed,wine-processed,honey-processed and steamed products of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus and to investigate their speciations.METHODS After various elements were extracted by Tessier method,the contents of Pb and Cd were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,and those of Cu,As and Hg were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry,hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry,respectively.RESULTS Pb content was decreased in four kinds of processed products,while Hg content was increased in them.Cd content was only increased in wine-processed product.As was only detected in wine-processed product.Cu content showed no obvious change within standard limit.Pb speciations mainly existed in ion exchange and organic binding states in vinegar-processed and wine-processed products,Fe-Mn oxidative binding and organic binding states in honey-processed product,and carbonate binding and Fe-Mn oxidative binding state in steamed product.Hg,Cu and Cd speciations mainly existed in ion exchange and carbonate binding,ion exchange and organic binding,and carbonate binding states in four kinds of processed products,respectively.CONCLUSION Different processing methods show obvious effects on the contents and speciations of five elements in Schisandra chinensis Fructus.
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AIM To determine the contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,Cu and As in vinegar-processed,wine-processed,honey-processed and steamed products of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus and to investigate their speciations.METHODS After various elements were extracted by Tessier method,the contents of Pb and Cd were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,and those of Cu,As and Hg were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry,hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry,respectively.RESULTS Pb content was decreased in four kinds of processed products,while Hg content was increased in them.Cd content was only increased in wine-processed product.As was only detected in wine-processed product.Cu content showed no obvious change within standard limit.Pb speciations mainly existed in ion exchange and organic binding states in vinegar-processed and wine-processed products,Fe-Mn oxidative binding and organic binding states in honey-processed product,and carbonate binding and Fe-Mn oxidative binding state in steamed product.Hg,Cu and Cd speciations mainly existed in ion exchange and carbonate binding,ion exchange and organic binding,and carbonate binding states in four kinds of processed products,respectively.CONCLUSION Different processing methods show obvious effects on the contents and speciations of five elements in Schisandra chinensis Fructus.