Conceito e modelos de 'knowledge translation' na área de saúde / Concept and models of 'knowledge translation' in the health area / Concepto y modelos de 'knowledge translation' en el área de salud

O uso dos resultados da pesquisa e do conhecimento bem como a aplicação das descobertas científicas no mundo real não ocorrem de forma natural. Instituições acadêmicas e governos têm definido que a translação da pesquisa é uma prioridade para a saúde: as evidências científicas devem embasar as decisões para melhorar a saúde. Porém, a lacuna entre ciência e prática, os entraves naturais e criados entre elas mostram que a translação do conhecimento é um processo que precisa ser implementado. As formas de fazê-lo requerem atitudes do meio acadêmico e do ambiente político e de gestão, algo complexo e de difícil solução. Este artigo busca compreender o tema por meio da leitura de autores da área de saúde. Detémse com especial atenção na conceituação e nos modelos disponíveis, além de analisar como se dá essa passagem de evidências entre o campo da ciência e os responsáveis pelas tomadas de decisão e como estas são utilizadas.

The use of research results and knowledge as well as the application of scientific discoveries in the real world do not occur naturally. Academic institutions and governments have defined that the research translation is a priority for health: decisions should be based on scientific evidence to improve health. However, the gap between science and practice, the natural and created barriers between them show that the knowledge translation is a process that has to be implemented. The ways to do it involve attitudes in both academic, managerial and political environment, which are a issue quite complex and difficult to solve. This paper proposes to understand the topic by reading some authors of the health field. We give a special attention to the concepts, the available models and we analyze how the exchange of evidence between science and decision makers takes place and how the evidence is used.

El uso de los resultados de la investigación y el conocimiento, así como la aplicación de descubrimientos científicos en el mundo real, no ocurren naturalmente. Instituciones académicas y gobiernos han definido que la traslación de la investigación es una prioridad para la salud: las evidencias científicas deben respaldar las decisiones para mejorar la salud. Sin embargo, el intervalo entre ciencia y práctica, los obstáculos naturales y creados entre ellas muestran que la traslación del conocimiento es un proceso que necesita ser implementado. Las formas de hacerlo implican actitudes del medio académico y del ambiente político y de gestión, algo complejo y de difícil solución. Este artículo propone entender el tema por medio de la lectura de autores del área de salud. Nos detenemos en la conceptualización, los modelos, y analizamos la manera de intercambiar evidencias entre el campo de la ciencia y los responsables de la toma de decisiones y el modo como estas son usadas.

Bhutanese Brag-zun (mineral pitch): Its uses and scientific findings.

Brag-zun is the most sought after medicinal products in Bhutan and also in the Asian countries. It is used in many folkloric and traditional medicines for treating various disorders and is commonly known as the "destroyer of all illnesses". According to gso-ba-rig-pa, Brag-zun is used for treating fever, ulceration of stomach, liver and kidney diseases, dysentery, gout, rheumatism, boosting the body immune system (as rejuvenators) and for improving the eyesight. In Bhutan, Brag-zun is collected from the rocky cliffs in Chukha, Punakha and Paro Dzongkhags and is used for formulating as many as seventeen different traditional medicines. The scientific literature review found that Brag-zun has been extensively studied and the findings substantiate most of its ethno-medical claims. However, no study was done on the Bhutanese variety of Brag-zun. Therefore, series of studies were carried by the authors mainly to asses its anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities. These studies found that the Bhutanese variety of Brag-zun exhibited the anti-oxidant and the antifungal activities. It was active against Candida albicans and Microporeum gypsum. Thus, this paper describes the reported scientific findings of Brag-zun and the findings of the Bhutanese variety of Brag-zun.