Tangeretin inhibits tumor stemness of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To study the effect of Tangeretin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the tumor stemness, and to find the molecular mechanism of its effect. Methods    We used cell counting and cell cloning experiments to study the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro. The effect of Tangeretin on the invasion of NSCLC cells was detected by transwell assay. We detected the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo by nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment. The effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells was detected by self-renew assay, and CD133 and Nanog protein expressions. The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting (WB). Results    Tangeretin had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro. Cell counting experiment, clonal formation experiment and nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the proliferation activity, clonal formation ability, and tumor size of NSCLC cells in vivo. Self-renew experiments showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the self-renew ability of NSCLC cells. WB experiments showed that Tangeretin inhibited the expressions of tumor stemness markers CD133 and Nanog in NSCLC cells. Tangeretin could inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in NSCLC cells, and the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could partially remit the inhibitory  effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells. Conclusion    Tangeretin can inhibit the tumor stemness of NSCLC cells, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Medical laboratory practice in Malawi ­ Current status

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El sexismo en la historia de las ciencias: efecto Matilda / Sexism in the history of science: the Matilda effect

RESUMEN Introducción: la historia de las ciencias afronta el reto de reescribirla de acuerdo con la realidad cambiante. Así, además de proporcionar un relato sobre el origen de las ciencias y las técnicas, debería ahondar en el protagonismo de mujeres en las mismas. Objetivo: caracterizar el efecto Matilda como expresión del sexismo en la historia de las ciencias. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se consultaron 24 materiales relacionados con disciplinas afines a las ciencias médicas y las sociales, literatura e historia del arte, disponibles en revistas especializadas indexadas en bases de datos como SciELO, Scopus, Google Académico, la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y LILACS. Discusión: el efecto Matilda refiere a la insuficiente valoración que sistemáticamente se hace de las mujeres en el campo científico, y al escaso reconocimiento a sus contribuciones académicas. Conclusiones: sería imposible abarcar en un solo artículo la contribución de todas aquellas científicas que se han encontrado en una situación similar. Sin embargo, se debe procurar que estas mujeres no caigan en el olvido, y que se conviertan en ejemplos para aquellas niñas a las que se les ha hecho pensar que la ciencia lleva estigma de género.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the history of the sciences faces the challenge of rewriting it according to the changing reality. Thus, in addition to providing a story on the origin of the sciences and techniques, it should delve into the leading role of women in them. Objective: to characterize the Matilda effect as an expression of sexism in the history of science. Materials and methods: a bibliographic review was carried out in which 24 materials linked with disciplines related to medical and social sciences, literature and art history were consulted; they are available in specialized journals like SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library and LILACS. Discussion: the Matilda effect refers to the insufficient valuation systematically made of women in the scientific field, and the scarce recognition of their academic contributions Conclusions: it would be impossible to cover in a single article the contribution of all those women scientists who have found themselves in a similar situation. Thus, everything must be done for these women do not fall into oblivion and for they to become role models for those girls who have been made to think that science carries a gender stigma.

Brazilian scientists: much to learn from the microbial biofilm lifestyle (a resistant, resilient, well-orchestrated, and dynamic organization) / Cientistas brasileiros: muito a aprender com o estilo de vida do biofilme microbiano (uma organização resistente, resiliente, bem orquestrada e dinâmica)

Abstract In the present perspective, some parallels are drawn between a career as a scientist in Brazil and the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm. Do these connections really exist? Definitely the answer is YES. Over billions of years, microbial biofilms have evolved in order to form a cohesive, well-structured, organized and dynamic community, which is characterized by its resistant/resilient profile to several environmental stressors. Adapting to constant change is a necessary attribute for survival and perpetuation of all live organisms, which are key signatures present in the hereditary molecule. Brazilian scientists are faced with many stressful situations along their journey in academia, which requires constant adaptability, reorganization and, above all, resilience. Can we take some lessons from what we know about the biofilm lifestyle developed by microorganisms? The answer is yes!

Resumo Na perspectiva atual, alguns paralelos são traçados entre a carreira de cientista no Brasil e a capacidade dos microrganismos de formarem biofilme. Essas conexões realmente existem? Definitivamente a resposta é SIM. Ao longo de bilhões de anos, os biofilmes microbianos evoluíram para formar uma comunidade coesa, bem estruturada, organizada e dinâmica, que se caracteriza por seu perfil de resistência/resiliência a diversos estressores ambientais. Adaptar-se a mudanças constantes é um atributo necessário para a sobrevivência e perpetuação de todos os organismos vivos, que são assinaturas-chave presentes na molécula de hereditariedade. Nesse sentido, os cientistas brasileiros se deparam com diversas situações estressantes ao longo de suas trajetórias na academia, exigindo constante adaptabilidade, reorganização e, acima de tudo, resiliência. Podemos tirar algumas lições do que sabemos sobre o estilo de vida do biofilme desenvolvido por microrganismos? A resposta é sim!

Analysis of the growth process and characteristics of Young Scientists Fund recipients / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the growth characteristics of young scientific and technological talents and provide a reference for the training of young talents and the talent introduction of research teams.Methods:Taking the winners of the National Natural Science Youth Scientists Fund of Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, this article retraced their biographical information such as personal characteristics, educational experiences, and growth history, and analyzed the growth characteristics of scientific and technological talents.Results:The growth characteristics of young scientific and technological talents were obtained by summarizing the age, gender, professional title, degree, and overseas study experience of the recipients of the Young Scientists Fund. The influence of educational background on their talent time was preliminarily analyzed through multiple linear regression.Conclusions:According to the study of the growth characteristics and educational background of young scientific and technological talents, we hope to guide the training direction of young talents and provide support for the selection of excellent talents. It is also proposed to improve the talent selection mechanism, encourage scientific research cooperation, and optimize the talent evaluation mechanism to promote more outstanding young scientific and technological talents to stand out.

Competency characters model of hospital young scientists: An exploratory factor analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the competence characters of hospital young scientists and build a competency model.Methods:The model characters were screened by literature review, behavioral event interview, expert consultation and questionnaire survey. The competency characters were extracted by exploratory factor analysis.Results:The competency characters model includes 5 factors and 34 characters: comprehensive accomplishment, practical ability, personal trait, professional skill and knowledge quality. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the model was 0.980 and the Cronbach's α coefficient of the 5 factors ranged from 0.832 to 0.964, with a split-half reliability of 0.922. The content validity index of the scale was 0.977, and the content validity index of each entry ranged from 0.857 to 1.000. The value of KMO was 0.944.Conclusions:The competency model of hospital young scientists has high stability, and provides reference for young scientists' ability and quality, which will provide the basis for optimizing the training system and training strategy of hospital scientists.

The funding system of American dentist scientist and its enlightenment / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To provide reference for the cultivation of stomatologist scientists in China by comparison and learning from the development of dental scientist training funding system in the United States.Methods:The development, training funding system and evaluation system of dental scientists in the United States were analyzed through literature review, and compared with the training of dental scientists in Chinese context.Results:The training of American dental scientists started early, and the funding system covered the whole process of dental students' learning and career choice; tailored measurements were adopted to deal with challenges and difficulties during the training process. On the other hand, the training of stomatologist scientists in China started late, the methods are diverse but uneven. In this paper, it is proposed to enhance the training by strengthening the construction of the training and funding system of stomatologist scientists, encouraging the collaboration between professional societies and colleges and universities, establishing specific funds and balancing the weight of clinical and scientific research in the teaching system.Conclusions:The funding system for the training of dental scientists in the United States can be used as a reference for optimizing the training of dental scientists in China.

The characteristics and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and psychological status in science and technologyists / 中华内科杂志

Objectives:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and psychological problems in Chinese science and technology workers.Methods:The investigation was organized and conducted by the Innovative and Development Institute of China Association of Senior Scientists and Technologists and Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, and included science and technology workers from research institutions and medical institutions in China by random sampling methods through face-to-face and online questionnaire investigation from July 1, 2019 to March 31, 2021. Information including age, sex, work stress status, CVD history, sleep, depression, and anxiety were included in the questionnaire.Results:This survey included 14 552 subjects. Among them, 25.5% were suffered from CVD, 48.6% were with insomnia, 28.8% experienced depression/anxiety (including only depression, only anxiety, depression combined with anxiety), and 15.6% had CVD in combined with depression/anxiety. Taking those without CVD and depression/anxiety as reference group, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that work stress increased the risk of depression/anxiety in subjects without CVD (manageable work stress, OR=2.253, 95 %CI 1.583-3.206, overwhelming work stress OR=7.899, 95 %CI 5.094-12.250), and drinking increased the risk of CVD ( OR=1.978, 95 %CI 1.382-2.833). Moreover, overwhelming work stress ( OR=4.012, 95 %CI 2.515-6.399) and smoking ( OR=2.342, 95 %CI 1.603-3.421) increased the risk of depression/anxiety in subjects with CVD (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The high morbidities of depression/anxiety, CVD, and CVD in combination with depression/anxiety urge us to take actions to protect the heart and mental health of scientific and technological workers.

Research on the scientific research performance evaluation of young scientists in hospitals based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Data Envelopment Analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To establish a performance evaluation index system and evaluation method for young scientists in hospitals, and to provide reliable evidence for management departments in evaluating, selecting outstanding young scientists and formulating tailored training programs.Methods:Literature analysis, expert consultation, analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis were adopted in this article to evaluate the scientific research performance of young scientists in hospitals.Results:The scientific research data of young scientists under 45 years of age in Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and their scale efficiency and technical efficiency were analyzed by using index system and its weight and propose the improvement measures to achieve the purpose of evaluation and reform.Conclusions:This method is useful for the effective evaluation of the young scientists in the hospital, and is helpful to improve the level of scientific research management, as well as realize the virtuous circle of matching the input and output of scientific and technological innovation.

Pioneer women in the development of toxicology in Brazil

Women have always played an important role in the development of toxicology all over the world. Specifically in Brazil, toxicology has had greater female representation than other countries, but women's participation at high hierarchical levels is low. Although more than 62% of the members of the Brazilian Society of Toxicology are women, only 7 out of the 22 presidents have been women throughout its 48 years of existence. This article aims to celebrate women in the field of toxicology in Brazil, based on interviews with five of these scientists who have changed the field of toxicology in Brazil as we know it today, each in their specific sub-areas. These women are: Dr. Ester de Camargo Fonseca Moraes, Dr. Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros, Dr. Alice Aparecida da Matta Chasin, Dr. Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro, and Dr. Tania Marcourakis. They are not only pioneers but they are also examples of admirable persistence in fighting the adversities presented to them. They broke the glass ceiling and opened doors for future generations of women in science. We hope that this article helps inspire women in their careers in toxicology.

Cheiro de alfazema: Neusa Souza, Virgínia e racismo na psicologia / Lavender scent: Neusa Souza, Virginia and racism in psychology / Aroma de lavanda: Neusa Souza, Virginia y el racismo en la psicología

O artigo retrata aspectos da vida da médica psiquiatra Neusa Santos Souza e elementos biográficos de Virgínia Leone Bicudo. Ambas psicanalistas, negras e de vanguardas pioneiras na psicologia e psicanálise e calculadamente invisibilizadas nas academias científicas. O objetivo é organizar em forma de ensaio poético psicológico o contexto cultural existente na infância e adolescência da psicanalista negra nascida na Bahia, antes de radicar-se no Rio de Janeiro. Observa-se a importância de cientistas negras para a construção psicológica e psicanálise da saúde mental nas relações étnicas. Neusa é a pensadora central do texto, porém, Virgínia e outras pensadoras negras e negros importantes para a ciência da saúde mental são apresentados no percurso da narrativa. O resultado converge para a superação do epistemicídio que a academia eurocêntrica, na psicologia, insiste em realizar.

The article portrays aspects of the life of the medical psychiatrist Neusa Santos Souza and biographical elements of Virgínia Leone Bicudo. Both psychoanalysts, black and avant-garde pioneers in psychology and psychoanalysis and calculatedly invisible in scientific academies. The objective is to organize, in the form of a psychological poetic essay, the cultural context existing in the childhood and adolescence of the black psychoanalyst born in Bahia, before settling in Rio de Janeiro. The importance of black scientists for the psychological construction and psychoanalysis of mental health in ethnic relations is observed. Neusa is the central thinker of the text. However, Virginia and other black male and female thinkers important to the science of mental health are presented in the course of the narrative. The result converges to overcoming the epistemicide that the Eurocentric academy in psychology insists on carrying out.

El artículo retrata aspectos de la vida de la médica psiquiatra Neusa Santos Souza y elementos biográficos de Virgínia Leone Bicudo. Ambas psicoanalistas, negras y pioneras de las vanguardias en psicología y psicoanálisis y calculadamente invisibles en las academias científicas. El objetivo es organizar, en forma de ensayo psicológico poético, el contexto cultural existente en la infancia y adolescencia de la psicoanalista negra nacida en Bahía, antes de instalarse en Río de Janeiro. Señala la importancia de las científicas negras para la construcción psicológica y el psicoanálisis de la salud mental en las relaciones étnicas. Neusa es la pensadora central del texto. Sin embargo, Virginia y otras pensadoras negras y negros importantes para la ciencia de la salud mental se presentan en el curso de la narrativa. El resultado converge para la superación del epistemicidio que la academia eurocéntrica en psicología se empeña en llevar a cabo.

Development of young talented scientists by excellent young scientists fund : Review of excellent young scientists fund in the department of health sciences of National Natural Science of Foundation of China / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The implementation and prospect of excellent young scientists fund in the department of health sciences of national natural science of foundation of china were reviewed and discussed to propose suggestions for future development.Methods The applications and grants of excellent young scientists fund in health sciences field from 2012 to 2017 wereanalyzed among different medical branches,regions and supporting institutions.The age,gender,title and academic rank of both applicants and awardees were analyzed.Results The applications and grants of excellent young scientists fund vary greatly in the different branches of medical science,as well as in the different regions and supporting institutions.The person in charge of such projects has been better developed after being awarded.Conclusions The establishment and implementation of the excellent young scientists fund has promoted the growth of young medical scientists.

Adoção de medidas de precaução diante dos riscos no uso das inovações tecnocientíficas / Adoption of precautionary measures regarding risks in the use of technoscientific innovations

Identifico medidas de precaução que devem ser adotadas para prevenir ou reduzir o risco dos efeitos danosos possivelmente ocasionados pelos usos das inovações científicas. Meu argumento se vale em especial de situações em que há incerteza a respeito dos riscos envolvidos. Sustenta que medidas eticamente adequadas precisam ser informadas pelos resultados das pesquisas científicas empreendidas (sob as estratégias metodológicas apropriadas) com o fim de identificar, tanto quanto possível, os efeitos danosos possíveis e a variedade dos mecanismos que levem à sua efetiva ocorrência, bem como as condições em que eles atualmente ocorreriam, e com qual magnitude e probabilidade, bem como descobrir como prevenir a ocorrência deles ou reduzir o seu impacto a níveis aceitáveis por meio de regulamentos apropriadamente fiscalizados. Assim, ao final, discuto as responsabilidades dos cientistas e suas instituições na condução da pesquisa necessária para informar as medidas de precaução.

I identify precautionary measures that ought to be adopted to prevent or reduce the risk of harmful effects possibly occasioned by the uses of scientific innova-tions. My argument pays special attention to situations in which there is uncertainty about the risks involved. It maintains that ethically adequate measures need to be infor-med by the results of scientific research conducted (under appropriate methodological strategies) with the aim of identifying, as far as possible, not only the potential harmful effects and the various mechanisms that may lead to their actual occurrence, but also the conditions by which they would actually occur and their magnitude and probability, as well as discovering how to prevent them or reduce their impact to acceptable levels by means of appropriately enforced regulations. Then, in the final section, I discuss the responsibilities of scientists and their institutions when conducting the research needed to inform the precautionary measures.

Matanzas: en los inicios de la Ciencia en Cuba / Matanzas: at the begining of the Science in Cuba

No puede relatarse el desarrollo de la ciencia cubana, sin la valoración justa y aceptada del papel desempeñado por destacados científicos matanceros; en el presente trabajo se aborda el quehacer de tres destacadas, figuras que dejaron su impronta en las nuevas generaciones: Juan Santos Fernández Hernández (1847-1922), Ángel Arturo Aballí Arellano (1880-1952) y José Isaac Corral Alemán (1882-1946), hombres nacidos en diferentes lugares de la geografía matancera. stos científicos, en condiciones políticas y económicas difíciles fueron capaces de prevalecer en el tiempo y moldear con su ejemplo imperecedero a las generaciones de científicos cubanos que les sucedieron (AU).

The development of the sciences in Cuba cannot be narrated without the objective and accepted evaluation of the role played by important scientists from Matanzas; the current work approaches the deed of three important figures that left their imprint for the new generations: Juan Santos Fernández Hernández (1847-1922), Ángel Arturo Aballí Arellano (1880-1952) y José Isaac Corral Alemán (1882-1946), who were born in different points of the territory of Matanzas. hese scientists, in difficult political and economic conditions, were able of transcending the time and to mold with their undying example the generations of Cuban scientists succeeding them (AU).

Analysis of the impacts factors on growth of young medical scientists / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective For searching the influence factors of young medical scientists' growth,we analyze their characteristics and patterns of the growth.It could provide a reference for the policy to absorb and cultivate young talents.Methods Research subjects were the young scientists that had worked in Fujian Medical University all the time since he or she obtained the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation form 2001 to 2012.We analyzed the basic information of the project leader,their research funding situation and SCI paper publishing,as well as their NSFC funding.Results It found that obtain the highest degree from famous colleges did not help young scientists.1/3 clinicians did not make progress in their research.Young scientists who obtain the NSFC after entry Fujian Medical University were much easier to join in the mainstream discipline of school and rapid growth.Conclusions The academic growth of the medical young scientists is not only rely on individual early academic accumulation and efforts,but also the support of NSFC and research platform.

Científicos Sociales Latinoamericanos en Estados Unidos: Cooperación Académica, Movilidad Internacional y Trayectorias Interamericanas alrededor de la Fundación Ford / Latin American Social Scientists in the United States: The Ford Foundation's Role in Academic Cooperation, International Mobility, and Inter-American Trajectories / Sociologues Latino-américains aux États-Unis: Le Rôle de la Fondation Ford dans la Coopération Académique, la Mobilité Internationale et les Trajectoires Interaméricaines / Cientistas Sociais Latino-americanos nos Estados Unidos: Cooperação Acadêmica, Mobilidade Internacional e Trajetórias Interamericanas em torno da Fundação Ford

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este artículo es examinar las redes de cooperación académica y los canales de movilidad internacional establecidos por la Fundación Ford en América Latina, los cuales actuaron como plataformas de promoción de científicos sociales de la región en Estados Unidos. El interés está puesto en comprender las interacciones y los vínculos entre varios autores latinoamericanos con algunos "diplomáticos" de esta institución filantrópica para desarrollar en ese país actividades institucionales e intelectuales. De forma específica, se estudiarán los orígenes del Programa Latinoamericano del Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, establecido en Washington en 1977 por las gestiones y mediaciones personales de Abraham F. Lowenthal. Además, y siguiendo un enfoque histórico, se hará un seguimiento temporal y espacial a la trayectoria de este autor y a sus nexos intelectuales y personales mantenidos con Fernando H. Cardoso, Albert O. Hirschman, Guillermo O'Donnell y Kalman Silvert.

RESUMO O principal objetivo deste artigo consiste em examinar as redes de cooperação acadêmica e os canais de mobilidade internacional estabelecidos pela Fundação Ford na América Latina, os quais intervieram como plataformas para a promoção, em terras estadunidenses, de cientistas sociais da região. O interesse reside em compreender as interações e vínculos de vários autores latino-americanos com alguns "diplomatas" desta instituição filantrópica, no intuito de desenvolverem atividades institucionais e intelectuais nos Estados Unidos. Especificamente, serão analisadas as origens do Programa Latino-Americano do Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, fundado em Washington no ano de 1977, em decorrência de intervenções e mediações pessoais de Abraham F. Lowenthal. Além disso, e seguindo um enfoque histórico, acompanharemos temporal e espacialmente a trajetória deste autor e os seus laços intelectuais e pessoais estabelecidos com Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Albert O. Hirschman, Guillermo O'Donnell e Kalman Silvert.

ABSTRACT This article's main objective is to examine the academic cooperation networks and international mobility channels established by the Ford Foundation in Latin America, to have served as platforms for showcasing social scientists from the region in the United States. Our interest is in understanding how the interactions and links between various Latin American authors and several "diplomats" from this charitable institution were fostered in order to develop institutional and intellectual activities in the United States. The article places a particular focus on studying the origins of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established in Washington in 1977 by means of Abraham F. Lowenthal's personal efforts to manage and mediate. A historical focus is also employed to temporally and spatially analyze the author's career path and his intellectual and personal ties developed with Fernando H. Cardoso, Albert O. Hirschman, Guillermo O'Donnell, and Kalman Silvert.

RÉSUMÉ Le principal objectif de cet article est d'analyser les réseaux de coopération académique et de mobilité internationale établis par la Fondation Ford en Amérique Latine et qui ont servi de plate-forme de promotion de sociologues de la région aux États-Unis. Il s'agit ici de comprendre comment les interactions et les liens entre différents auteurs latino-américains et certains "diplomates" de cette institution philanthropique ont permis de développer leurs activités institutionnelles et intellectuelles aux États-Unis. Nous étudierons en particulier les origines du Programme latino-américain du Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, lancé à Washington en 1977 grâce aux actions et médiations d'Abraham F. Lowenthal. En outre, dans une perspective historique, nous analyserons la trajectoire temporelle et spatiale de cet auteur et ses liens intellectuels et personnels avec Fernando H. Cardoso, Albert O. Hirschman, Guillermo O'Donnell et Kalman Silvert.

Analysis on Funded and Completed Projects of Young Scientist Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China in TCM Field from 1989 to 2015 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the present situation and existing problems of the funded projects, especially in the gap between western region and eastern central region by analyzing the funding situation of the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the completed projects in the TCM field from 1989 to 2015. Methods The website was searched thoroughly, and data of Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 (ie TCM, Chinese materia medica and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists in China were obtained, and the projects of the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists funded by Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 were included, and incomplete or inavailable items were eliminated. Relevant information according to the extracted forms was extracted. The situation of different regions and the situations of the projects have been concluded and the titles of different titles have been analyzed. Results By 2015, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing in the TCM field were increasing year by year. In the western regions, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing accounted for only 11.29% of the total number and 11.28% of the total financing. Compared with the less supporting western regions, much more were mainly in eastern and central regions. The number of SCI papers published and single cited times of the finished projects were 988 and 20.85. Compared with the developed areas in eastern and central regions, there was no statistical significance in the average number of SCI papers (P=0.493), average SCI papers cited article number (P=0.449), SCI papers in average cited frequency (P=0.589), the average CSCD papers number (P=0.579), average CSCD papers cited article number (P=0.883) and average single CSCD papers cited frequency (P=0.753) in western regions (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the stable supports of the Young Scientists Fund, scientific researches in the TCM field have achieved remarkable achievements. In addition, the ability of scientific research and innovation of the young scientific workers have been improved. The funded projects in western regions are far less than those in eastern and central regions, with great differences. However, there is no statistical significance in the research results of the items in western regions and eastern and central regions.

Analysis of applications and grants of National Natural Science Fund for Young Scientists in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital from 2011 to 2015 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Applications and grants of young scientists fund on Health Sciences of National Natural Science Fund in Shanghai First People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University during 2011-2015 were analyzed with an attempt to explore the ways to increase the funding rate.Methods x2 test and t test were performed,and a binary Logistic stepwise regression model was established to determine variables influencing the results of applications.Results During 2011-2015,504 applications were presented among which 119 were granted.The funding rate was higher than the average value of the Department of Health Sciences.The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that degree and the highest impact factor of SCI articles published by applicants were the key determinants predicting whether an application will be granted or not.When applicants applied young scientists fund in one or two years after their postgraduate study,the funding rates were 35.51％ and 28.13％ respectively,which were both higher than the corresponding annual funding rates.It declined thereafter and became lower than the corresponding annual funding rates.Conclusions SCI article is an important aspect of academic achievements of applicants,which is a prerequisite for an application to be granted.However,a scientific and innovative project may be critical for the outcome of an application.The results of the current research suggest investigators apply young scientists fund as early as possible.

Training of clinician-scientists / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Clinician-scientists are doctors who perform laboratory-based or clinically oriented research and have direct patient contact.Not only do they play a critical role in the research and practice of translational medicine,but also they are the educators of the next generation of clinician-scientists.However,clinician-scientists are vanishing.It is urgent to train new clinician-scientists who can be engaged in clinic work,research,and also education.Thus,in order to correct understand the importance of the work of clinical scientists,from multi angle analysis of clinical scientists training problems that may be encountered in the process,the active improvement of the education system and condition,and sustained and efficient guidance to the outstanding seedlings are advocated.Besides,aspiring candidates are also encouraged to seek ideal guidance and support through their career,arrange their work reasonably,strengthen their cooperation and the management ability,and strive to grow into excellent clinician-scientists.

Social scientists in public health: a fuzzy approach / Cientistas sociais da Saúde Coletiva: uma abordagem pela óptica fuzzy

This study aims to describe and analyze the presence of social scientists, anthropologists, sociologists and political scientists in the field of public health. A survey by the Lattes Curriculum and sites of Medical Colleges, Institutes of Health Research Collective, seeking professionals who work in healthcare and have done some stage of their training in the areas of social sciences. In confluence with Norbert Elias' concepts of social networks and configuration of interdependence it was used fuzzy logic, and the tool free statistical software R version 2.12.0 which enabled a graphic representation of social scientists interdependence in the field of social sciences-health-social sciences. A total of 238 professionals were ready in 6 distinct clusters according to the distance or closer of each professional in relation to public health and social sciences. The work was shown with great analytical and graphical representation possibilities for social sciences of health, in using this innovative quantitative methodology.

O presente estudo objetiva descrever e analisar a presença dos cientistas sociais, antropólogos, sociólogos e cientistas políticos no campo da saúde coletiva. Foi realizado um levantamento junto à Plataforma Lattes e aos sites de Faculdades de Medicina, Institutos de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva, buscando os profissionais que atuam na área da saúde e que tenham realizado alguma etapa da sua formação nas áreas das ciências sociais. Em confluência aos conceitos de configuração social e de redes de interdependência de Norbert Elias, utilizamos a lógica fuzzy, tendo como ferramenta o software estatístico livre R, versão 2.12.0, que possibilitou uma representação gráfica da interdependência dos cientistas sociais no campo das ciências sociais-saúde-ciências sociais. O total de 238 profissionais foram dispostos em 6 clusters distintos, de acordo com a distância ou aproximação de cada profissional em relação à saúde coletiva e às ciências sociais. O trabalho se mostrou com grandes possibilidades analíticas e de representação gráfica da área estudada, além da utilização inovadora dessa metodologia quantitativa nas ciências sociais em saúde.