Scope review of human caring for patients by head nurses / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the current practice of head nurses′ human caring for patients at home and abroad, and integrate those effective measures and effect evaluation methods, so as to provide reference for nursing administrators.Methods:A framework was built on the scope review method proposed by Arksey and O′Malley, and such search terms as head nurse/nursing administrator, human caring/care/human-based, sick person/patient, nursing supervisory/charge nurse/head nurse/nurse administrator/nurse manager/nurse executive, empathy/care/compassion, patient/client were used. CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, Chinese Medical Association Journal Full-text Database, Medical Knowledge Network (PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, OVID, EBSCO) and the Cochrane Library were searched from their initiation to November 29, 2022. Two researchers independently screened and extracted basic characteristics of the literature, as well as the measures used by the head nurses to implement human caring for patients and the effect evaluation tools.Results:A total of 57 articles were included. This paper reviewed the measures of human caring for patients at both levels of head nurses as direct caregivers and as organizers.The measures at the level of direct caregivers included implementing human caring in their ward rounds, creating a caring atmosphere, setting up a head nurse reception day, interviewing the care needs of patients and their families, innovating working methods based on the perspective of human caring, and caring communication with patients and their families; measures at the level of organizers included building a nursing human caring mode with specialist characteristics, building a human caring mode for different patient groups, strengthening the training of nurses′ human caring ability and literacy, building a caring environment and atmosphere, simplifying the nursing work process, and establishing a continuous and diversified nurse-patient communication mode, continuing human caring for discharged patients, organizing participation of nurses in social practices of human caring, setting up caring posts, and conducting care supervision and quality control. Patient satisfaction survey was used to evaluate the practical effects of human caring, but the evaluation objects were nurses or nursing services.Conclusions:Head nurses play an important role in the implementation of human caring, and a variety of measures can be taken to directly or indirectly implement human caring for patients. It is suggested to build more human caring modes to cover more specialties and patient groups, and improve the patient satisfaction evaluation tools with head nurses as the evaluation object.

Risk factors forvessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure: a scoping review / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To scope review of studies on the risk factors for vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure was reviewed, so as to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to prevent and control infection.Methods:Based on the framework of scope review method, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Networkand Wanfang database are retrieved. The retrieval period was from the database construction to February 1, 2022. The included literatures were Summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 28 articles were included, and the risk factors of vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure were found to include 7 aspects: basic information of children, catheter nursing measures, type of tube-sealing solution, catheter factors, residual intestinal condition of children, nursing level of caregivers, therapeutic factors.Conclusions:The risk factors of vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure were found to include 7 aspects, which are complex and diverse with distinctive disease characteristics. In the future, medical staff can optimize the pipeline nursing measures; construct the model of cross-specialty health education and improve the nursing level of caregivers to reduce the incidence of vessel catheter associated infection.

Intervenções assistidas por animais: revisão e avaliação de estudos latino-americanos1 / Animal assisted interventions: revision and evaluation of latin american studies

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo: (I) identificar o estado de arte das publicações sobre intervenções assistida por animais (IAA) na América Latina; e (II) realizar a avaliação crítica da qualidade metodológica dos estudos clínicos sobre IAA na América Latina. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo. Os dados foram coletados nas bases Redalyc, SciELO, LILACS, Periódicos CAPES e BIREME. Atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade 146 artigos, sendo 34 submetidos ao Método de Avaliação Crítica de Estudos da Colaboração Cochrane. Os estudos abrangeram o período de 1997 a 2021, principalmente produzidos no Brasil, com delineamentos do tipo estudos de revisão, de caso e descritivo. Em relação aos estudos clínicos, a população infantil foi o maior público submetido às IAA. Equinos e canídeos e representaram as principais espécies de coterapeutas. Parte significativa dos estudos de intervenção demonstrou critérios de replicabilidade, porém constatou-se a ausência de rigor metodológico, limitando a possibilidade de avaliação da eficácia das intervenções. Este estudo aponta o potencial uso da IAA na América Latina e aumento do número de produções ao longo do tempo; todavia, sugere-se que estudos futuros privilegiem a utilização de metodologia experimental, como os ensaios clínicos randomizados, de forma a permitir a avaliação da eficácia das IAA.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to: (I) to identify the state of the art of publications on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in Latin America; and (II) to critically evaluate the methodological quality of clinical studies on AAI in Latin America. This is a scoping review. Data were collected from Redalyc, SciELO, LILACS, CAPES Journal Portal and BIREME. Eligibility criteria allowed the inclusion of 146 articles, 34 of which were submitted to the Cochrane Collaboration Method of Critical Appraisal of Studies. The studies covered the period from 1997 to 2021, mainly produced in Brazil, and designed as review, case, and descriptive studies. Regarding clinical studies, the child population was the largest population submitted to AAI. Horses and canidae represented the main cotherapists species. A significant part of the intervention studies demonstrated replicability criteria; however, there was a lack of methodological rigor, limiting the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions. This study points to the potential use of AAI in Latin America and an increase in the number of studies over time; however, it is suggested that future studies should emphasize the use of experimental methodology, such as randomized clinical trials, in order to allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of AAI.

Percepção e atitude do cirurgião-dentista diante do atendimento emergencial a mulheres em situação de violência: uma revisão de escopo / Dentists' perceptions and attitudes towards emergency care for women in situations of violence: a scope review

Resumo Avaliar por meio de uma revisão de escopo estudos que abordam a percepção e atitude do cirurgião-dentista diante do atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência. Utilizando os descritores women violence, dentist attendence ou dentist care, foram identificados 473 artigos, sendo incluídos 13, ao final da seleção. Embora a necessidade de capacitação tenha sido predominante, ela não é suficiente. Existe uma fragilidade em se compreender a violência como problema de saúde, de entender o papel do profissional na solução desse problema, os fatores que podem contribuir com seu crescimento ou seu controle. Os resultados revelaram que o cirurgião-dentista apresentou maior dificuldade do que os outros profissionais no enfrentamento e exigem um amplo aprendizado. O reconhecimento dos referidos casos pelo cirurgião-dentista exige a incorporação de medidas educativas que provoquem mudanças culturais, desconstrução de normas de gênero e a desnaturalização desse fenômeno social.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through a scope review, studies that address the perceptions and attitudes of dentists regarding the care of women in situations of violence. Using the descriptors women violence, dentist attendance or dentist care, 473 articles were identified, of which 13 were included at the end of the selection process. Although the need for training was predominant, it was not sufficient. There is a weakness in understanding violence as a health problem, in understanding the role of the professional in solving this problem, and the factors that can contribute to its growth or its control. The results revealed that the dentist had greater difficulty than other professionals in coping with the issue and required extensive training. The recognition of these cases of abuse by the dentist requires the incorporation of educational measures that cause cultural changes, deconstruction of gender norms and the denaturalization of this social phenomenon.

Vulnerabilidades de refugiados árabes na atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão de escopo / Vulnerabilities of Arab Refugees in Primary Health Care: Scope Review

Introdução: A crise global do refúgio do final do século XX e início do século XXI constitui a pior crise nesse campo desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Há cerca de 244 milhões de migrantes internacionais no mundo, dos quais 25,9 milhões são refugiados. Devido aos conflitos ocorridos na Síria, o refúgio dos árabes tornou-se um dos epicentros do problema. A Síria hoje é o país que mais apresenta refugiados no mundo, com 6,7 milhões. A Síria, a Palestina, o Iraque e Líbano são os países de origem que mais solicitaram refúgio no Brasil entre os anos 2007 a 2017. A própria condição de refúgio e suas diferentes fases são condicionantes de vulnerabilidade que incidem sobre o processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as vulnerabilidades de refugiados árabes no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão de Escopo. Foram analisados estudos publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, no período de 2011 a 2019, nas bases de dados: COCHRANE, SCOPUS, Health System Evidence, MedLine-PubMed-, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, NYAM Grey Literature, Banco de teses e dissertações CAPES, Refworld e Journal of Refugee Studies. A análise dos dados foi realizada à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade. Resultados e discussão: Após buscas realizadas com duas estratégias, foram encontrados 854 estudos. Com base nos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão restaram 40 artigos para análise e extração dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Em relação à dimensão individual foram constatadas altas taxas de desemprego, moradias instáveis e superlotadas, falta de saneamento e de acesso à água, agravos de saúde mental, gastrointestinais, nutricionais, dermatológicos, neurológicos, musculoesqueléticos, odontológicos, relacionados à gestação e à primeira infância, além de doenças transmissíveis e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Na dimensão programática foram identificadas equipes de saúde com sobrecarga de trabalho, com falta de preparo para lidar com as barreiras culturais e linguísticas. Também se verificou longas horas de espera para o atendimento, alto custo da Atenção Primária à Saúde, falhas na atualização do calendário vacinal e na busca ativa de pacientes em programas voltados às doenças crônicas, assim como políticas de saúde que revogam direito ao acesso a saúde. Em relação à dimensão social, constatou-se falta de acesso às escolas, à informação sobre os programas de saúde dos países de acolhida, aos direitos, e participação limitada na economia local. Conclusão: Todas as dimensões de vulnerabilidade se fizeram presentes, identificadas por meio dos indicadores estudados. Os elementos de vulnerabilidade evidenciam desigualdade e desvantagem dos refugiados perante os programas, serviços e sistema de saúde nos países de acolhida. Nesse sentido, aponta-se a necessidade de programas e políticas que considerem tais elementos de vulnerabilidade, e promovam ações, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, que reconheçam e respondam às necessidades de saúde dos refugiados. Também se aponta a necessária abordagem em saúde na perspectiva do conceito de vulnerabilidade, sobretudo na dimensão social, o que implica em reconhecer que a situação desse grupo social decorre fundamentalmente, de processos estruturais que envolvem embate de poder entre países.

Introduction: The global crisis of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century refuge is the worst crisis in this field since World War II. There are about 244 million international migrants in the world of which 25.9 million are refugees. Due to the conflicts in Syria, the refuge of the Arabs has become one of the epicenters of the problem. Today, Syria is the world's largest refugee country with 6.7 million. Syria, Palestine, Iraq and Lebanon are the countries of origin that most sought asylum in Brazil between 2007 and 2017. The condition of refuge itself and its different phases are conditions of vulnerability that affect the health-disease process. Objective: To map and analyze the vulnerabilities of Arab refugees in the context of Primary Health Care. Methodology: This is a Scope Review. Studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese from 2011 to 2019, have been analyzed in the following databases: COCHRANE, SCOPUS, Health System Evidence, MedLine-PubMed-, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, NYAM Grey Literature, Bank of theses and dissertations CAPES, Refworld e Journal of Refugee Studies. Data analysis was performed in light of the concept of vulnerability. Results and discussion: After researching with two strategies, 854 studies were found. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 40 articles remained for analysis and extraction of vulnerability indicators. Regarding the individual dimension, high unemployment rates, unstable and overcrowded housing, poor sanitation and access to water, mental health, gastrointestinal, nutritional, dermatological, neurological, musculoskeletal, dental, pregnancy-related and early childhood problems were found as well as communicable diseases and non-communicable chronic diseases. In the programmatic dimension health teams were identified with work overload, lack of preparation to deal with cultural and language barriers. There were also long waiting hours for care, high cost of Primary Health Care, failures to update the vaccination schedule and the active search of patients in programs focused on chronic diseases besides health policies that revoke the right to access to health. Regarding the social dimension, there was a lack of access to schools, information about the health programs of the host countries, rights and limited participation in the local economy. Conclusion: All dimensions of vulnerability were presented, identified through the indicators studied. The elements of vulnerability highlight the inequality and disadvantage of refugees towards the program, services and health system in the host countries. In this sense, there is a need for programs and policies that consider such elements of vulnerability and promote actions within the scope of Primary Health Care that recognizes and responds to the health needs of refugees. It also points out the necessary approach to health from the perspective of the concept of vulnerability especially in the social dimension, which implies recognizing that the situation of this social group derives fundamentally from structural processes that involve a clash of power between countries.