Qualitative studies on raw materials for Hepaclin-4 prescription / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#In 2021, 5981 of cancer new cases was registered in Mongolian population. Among those cases, liver cancer was commonly registered with a prevalence of 32.7%. Studies on anticancer agents with no-adverse effects and good-preventive efficacy against cancer have been attracted more attention from the researchers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Saussurrea amara.L, Chiazospermum erectum Berh, and Carthamus tinctorius.L are well recognized as effective agent against liver diseases. Using these raw materials, researchers have been invented a traditional prescription and named as Hepaclin-4. In this study, we aimed to investigate the qualitative study of raw materials and some biologically active sub- stances in the compounds.@*Purpose@#To study the qualitative study of raw materials for Hepaclin-4 prescription@*Materials and methods@#Some qualitative properties of raw materials for Hepaclin-4 prescription, including appearance, minerals, some organic compounds, total ash, water-soluble substances and fungi, were investigated according to Mongolian pharmacopeia and total flavonoid was detected by thin layer chromatography.@*Results@#No changes were observed on the appearance of raw materials, and minerals and organic compounds weren’t detected in the prescription. No contamination with fungi and insects were identified. The moist in the raw materials were 5.9 to 8.1%, total ash was 4.7 to 13.3% and the water-soluble substances were detected 33.8 to 42.9%. Number of aerobic bacteria, fungi and E.coli, Salmonella species were detected in normal range, indicating that the prescription was matched with the requirement of pharmacopeia. According to the thin layer chromatography study of the raw materials, a yellow spot on the chromatogram were identified and same as quercetin (Rf=0.9-0.98) and rutin ((Rf=0.18-0.23)) as standard compounds, which indicated that the spot which indicated that the spot was flavonoids in the prescription.@*Conclusions@#These results showed that the appearance, moist, minerals, organic compound, water-soluble substances, ash and biologically active substances of the raw materials for Hepaclin-4 prescription was corresponded with the requirements of pharmacopeia, and flavonoid was detected in raw materials of Hepaclin-4.

Research on the mechanisms of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in improving CFA-induced inflammatory pain rats based on 1H NMR metabolomics / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) on endogenous metabolites in toes of rats with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) based on 1H NMR metabolomics, which would provide foundation for revealing the effects and mechanisms of SGE in improving inflammatory pain. This animal experiment was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Shanxi University (SXULL2022062). The rats model of inflammatory pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of CFA (0.1 mL), and the effect of low, medium and high doses of SGE (1.5, 3, 6 g·kg-1) on inflammatory pain were explored. The effects of SGE on relieving inflammatory pain was evaluated by mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) test. Western blot was used to detect the effects of SGE on protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB). 1H NMR metabolomics was used to analyze the regulatory effects of SGE on endogenous metabolites in the toes of rats with inflammatory pain. The results showed that SGE (6 g·kg-1) could significantly relieve CFA-induced inflammatory pain, and also notably inhibit the protein expression of COX-2, NF-κB and p-NF-κB. SGE could markedly reverse the changes of 8 differential metabolites, such as glycine, glutamine, succinate, phosphorylcholine, etc. The metabolites were involved in eight metabolic pathways, such as glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results suggest that SGE may relieve inflammatory pain by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and metabolic abnormality.

Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on metabolism in RSV infection mice based on metabolomics / 药学学报

This study, aiming at finding biomarkers which can assist in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia and analyzing the metabolic pathways of anti-RSV activity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SG)., explores the improvement effect of SG on mice models infected by RSV with the metabolomics technology based on UPLC-Q-Exactive HF X-MS. Mice models affected by RSV are established by nasal drip method and the changes of body weight, rectal temperature and pathological damage of lung tissue are evaluated. The lung tissue samples of mice in each group are collected and analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive HF X-MS. The differential metabolites of SG drug intervention are explored by metabolomics technology, and the metabolic pathways regulated by SG are analyzed. The results show that SG can significantly improve the pathological state of the lung tissue of the mice and make its body weight and rectal temperature tend to be normal. In the lung tissue samples, 46 biomarkers, such as guanine, L-asparagine, and arachidonic acid, are screened for disease development in RSV model mice. SG improved RSV infection by recalling 22 potential biomarkers, such as uric acid, arachidonic acid, and alanine. The 22 potential markers mainly involved 11 abnormal metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism are closely related to the five metabolic pathways. SG improves RSV-infected mice mainly by regulating amino acids, lipids, cofactors and vitamins and nucleotide metabolites. All animal experiments were conducted under the guidance and approval of the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. (approval number: SDUTCM20210311001).

Effectiveness of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root in pregnancy-related diseases: A review / 中西医结合学报

The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, also called Huangqin, is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. In ancient China, S. baicalensis root was used to clear heat, protect the fetus, and avoid a miscarriage for thousands of years. In modern times, pregnancy-related diseases can seriously affect maternal and fetal health, but few systematic studies have explored the mechanisms and potential targets of S. baicalensis root in the treatment of pregnancy-related diseases. Flavonoids (baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A) and flavonoid glycosides (baicalin and wogonoside) are the main chemical components in the root of S. baicalensis. This study presents the current understanding of the major chemical components in the root of S. baicalensis, focusing on their traditional uses, potential therapeutic effects and ethnopharmacological relevance to pregnancy-related disorders. The mechanisms, potential targets and experimental models of S. baicalensis root for ameliorating pregnancy-related diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus, are highlighted.

Prediction and analysis of quality markers between crude and wine-processed Scutellaria baicalensis based on "components-targets-metabolism" network analysis / 中草药

Objective: To explore the potential Q-markers between crude Scutellaria baicalensis (CSR) and wine-processed S. baicalensis (WSR) based on "components-targets-metabolism" network analysis. Methods: According to the differential components between CSR and WSR, the network relationship of "components-target-metabolomics" was constructed combining network pharmacology and metabolomics. The correlation analysis was then conducted between flavonoids glycosides, and aglycones in S. baicalensis, between differential components and endogenous metabolites to predict the potential quality markers. Results: In this study, combining the results of network pharmacology and metabolomics, baicalin and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide were regarded as the quality markers of CSR; Baicalein and wogonin were considered as the quality markers of WSR. Conclusion: It is crucial wine-processed mechanism of S. baicalensis that glutinous rice wine can promote the dissolution and absorption of aglycones. Overall, identification of the differences between Chinese herbal decoction pieces and it processed product, combining analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics, which provides a demonstration for the investigation of quality markers of Chinese herbal pieces.

Screening of antioxidant components in Scutellariae Radix through mediating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway based on estrogen receptor / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To establish ARE dual-luciferase reporter assay system and used it to identify the antioxidant substance of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods: 293T cells were transiently co-transfected with ARE luciferase reporter plasmid PGL 4. 37 and sea kidney luciferase reporter plasmid PRL-TK. Three major active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi such as scutellarin, baicalein, baicalin and/or estrogen receptor (ER) specific inhibitor were added to Nrf2-ARE luciferase reporter assay system to detect whether they exerted antioxidant effect through the estrogen receptor affecting the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Results: Baicalin (100 μmol · L-1) could obviously activate Nrf2-ARE pathway in 293T cells, and the induced expression was(1. 56 ±0. 01) times that of blank group (P < 0. 01). After pre-administration of ER specific inhibitor, the induced expression decreased to (1. 02 ±0. 23) times, and the antioxidant effect disappeared. After pre-administration of ER and Nrf2-ARE pathway specific inhibitor respectively, ROS in HaCaT cells injured by UVB significantly increased and and SOD was markedly down-regulated by baicalin. Conclusion Baicalin plays antioxidant activity through mediating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway based on estrogen receptor.

Anti-oxidant components in Scutellaria baicalensis based on HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS / 中草药

Objective: To establish a two-dimensional fingerprint of Scutellaria baicalensis between characteristic chemical composition and anti-oxidant activity, and to study its anti-oxidant constituents on-line. Methods: The scavenging activities of S. baicalensis for ABTS+ by HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS was studied and its active constituents were screened. A total of ten anti-oxidant components in S. baicalensis were identified. The anti-oxidant activities of different active ingredients were evaluated by anti-oxidant efficiency. Results: The data showed that baicalin, 5,7,2’,5’-tetrahydroxy-8,6’-dimethoxy flavone, 5,7,2’- trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, and baicalein had stronger anti-oxidant activity, and 6-C-arabinosyl-8-C-glucosylchrysin, 6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinosyl-chrysin, oroxyloside, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, and norwogonin had less anti-oxidant activity. Conclusion: HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS method can rapidly analyze and identify the anti-oxidant components in S. baicalensis, and these experimental data can provide support for the basic research of the anti-oxidant ingredients of S. baicalensis.

Effects of ecological factors and gene expression of key enzymes on synthesis of major medicinal ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis in autumn / 中草药

Objective:To study the dynamic changes of the pharmacodynamic components of Scutellaria baicalensis in the harvest period and the effects of ecological factors and key enzyme expression on it. Methods :The artificial cultivated annual S. baicalensis was studied and the expression of nine key enzyme genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, FNS, F6H, UBGAT, and GUS) in the roots of S. baicalensis were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The content of four main flavonoids (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin) in the roots was determined by HPLC. The meteorological data of S. baicalensis were collected by the ecological meteorological station. SPSS statistical software and DPS statistical software were used for data analysis. Results: The content of flavonoids of four monomers of annual S. baicalensis decreased slowly in autumn, so the best harvest time of S. baicalensis was in early September. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the ecological factors affecting the four flavonoids were SWC, Max Ta, RH, and PAR. The expression of C4H and UBGAT genes had an important effect on the accumulation of flavonoids in the roots of S. baicalensis in autumn. Maximum rainfall intensity may indirectly affect the accumulation of the pharmacodynamic components of S. baicalensis by affecting the gene expression of key enzymes. Conclusion: The dynamic changes of four main flavonoids of annual S. baicalensis in autumn and the expression of key enzyme genes of S. baicalensis annual are clarified, providing the theoretical basis for the clarification of the physiological and ecological mechanism of the biosynthesis of S. baicalensis and the improvement of the quality of S. baicalensis.

Research progress on pharmacological effects and mechanisms of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis based on aging hypotheses / 中草药

Baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin are major flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis, which have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, mitochondrial protection, telomerase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, researches on their anti-aging activity have also gradually increased. Therefore, combining with kinds of aging hypotheses, e.g. the free radical aging hypothesis, immunosenescence aging hypothesis, spleen-kidney aging hypothesis of Chinese medicine, the mitochondrial aging hypothesis, the telomere hypothesis of cellular aging, inflamm-aging, we focus on the related pharmacological properties and mechanisms of these four flavonoids and make a review, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the anti-aging research of flavonoids in S. baicalensis.

Simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids from different parts of Scutellaria baicalensis and its chemometrics analysis / 中草药·英文版

Objective: The aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis were used as Huangqin Tea for thousands of years and mainly contain flavonoids which contribute to its bioactivities. However, there is no appropriate quality evaluation method of Huangqin Tea, and three flavanones of isocarthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide with high contents in the aerial parts have never been defined quantitatively. Here, an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids and systematically compared their contents and distribution in the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of S. baicalensis was established. Methods: Under the HPLC-DAD chromatographic conditions, 77 batches of samples of S. baicalensis were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chromatographic fingerprint of different parts of S. baicalensis was established. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and clustering heat map were performed based on the contents of 15 flavonoids in different parts of S. baicalensis. Results: The results showed significant differences in the contents and distributions of 15 flavonoids among the different parts of S. baicalensis. The chemical composition of stems showed some similarities to leaves, and their contents were all lower than leaves. The contents of isocarthamidin-7-O-β–glucuronide [(106.66 66 ± 22.68) mg/g], carthamidin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide [(19.82 ± 11.17) mg/g], and isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronide [(3.10 ± 1.73) mg/g] were the highest in leaves. The content of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide were the highest in flowers. The contents of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, alpinetin, and oroxylin A were higher in roots than in other parts. Conclusion: The method was fully validated and could be effectively used to characterize the contents and distributions of main flavonoids in the different parts of S. baicalensis. It may lay a foundation to establish the quality evaluation system for Huangqin Tea.

Effects and Underlying Mechanism of Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Against LPS-Induced Inflammation in BV2 Cells / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) and underlying mechanism by using LPS-induced microglial BV2 cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to observe the cell viability. The content of NO in cell supernatant was measured by Griess reagent. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA kits. The intracellular TLR4 expression was assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The levels of NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased induced by LPS in the supernatant of BV2 cells (all P < 0.01). However, co-treatment with SGE 100 μg•mL-1 significantly decreased the production of related inflammatory factors including NO (P < 0.01), IL-1β(P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SGE significantly inhibited the TLR4 expression induced by LPS in BV2 cells. CONCLUSION: SGE is able to alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 cells through down-regulation of TLR4 protein expression suggesting that SGE has therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.

Correlation between chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Scutellaria baicalensis during its preparation process / 中草药

Objective Process design grants the quality connotation to products. To study the changes of main chemical ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis preparation in the preparation process and the correlation with its pharmacological activity. To clarify the key step of S. baicalensis preparation process, and overall evaluate the short plate of the quality of preparation from the perspective of the design. Methods The preparation process (extracting-concentrating-drying-granulation) was simulated. HPLC analysis was employed to determine the contents of the chemical ingredients in each step of preparation process. Induction by LPS in mouse peritoneal macrophages of each intermediate was used as the model to determinate the anti-inflammatory activity. Cluster analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between its chromatogram and pharmacological activity. Results The content of chemical ingredients and anti-inflammatory activity of S. baicalensis were generally decreased on the whole, and the highest loss occurred in the concentrating-drying process. Conclusion Each step of the preparation process of S. baicalensis preparation has significant effect on the chemical ingredients and pharmacological activity. The concentrating and drying process may be the key process which could finally influence the quality of preparation.

Analysis of bioinformatics and expression level of bHLH transcription factors in Scutellaria baicalensis / 中草药

Objective The information of bHLH transcription factor genes from transcriptome dataset of Scutellaria baicalensis was predicted by bioinformatics methods and the gene expression analysis was used to deduce its probable function. Methods The bHLH genes were screened from the transcriptome dataset of S. baicalensis by using BLAST comparison software. Then the open reading frames (ORFs) from the full-length of cDNA of bHLH genes were predicted by ORF Finder online tool, and its protein characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatic method. The expression of bHLH genes was detected by qPCR in different organs and treatments stimulated by Gibberellin A3 (GA3). Results Six genes of bHLH transcription factors were obtained, which belonged to six subfamilies of bHLHs of A. thaliana, two of which had completed ORFs. The results of gene expression showed that: The expression of bHLH2 and bHLH3 increased after 100 μmol/L GA3 treatment, and the expression of bHLH1, bHLH5, bHLH6 and bHLH7 decreased. The bHLH gene had the highest expression level in roots and flowers of S. baicalensis of them, among which bHLH1, bHLH2, bHLH5 and bHLH7 had highest expression in flowers and bHLH3 had highest expression in root. There was a correlation between bHLH gene and expression of biosynthesis and regulation genes of flavonoid. Conclusion These results provided the basis for further improving the molecular regulation network of flavonoids of bHLH genes in S. baicalensis.

Effect of inorganic element in soil on contents of inorganic elements and baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis from different regions / 中草药

Objective: To study the effect of inorganic element in soil on the content of inorganic elements and baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis from different regions. Methods: The content of baicalin, inorganic elements, and inorganic elements in the soil in S. baicalensis of four regions (Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Gansu provinces) was determined and analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results: The sequence of the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis from different regions was Chengde Hebei > Yuncheng Shanxi > Linyi Shandong > Dingxi Gansu. The content of K, Fe, and Mg were high in S. baicalensis. S. baicalensis from different regions was positively correlated with the inorganic elements in the soil. Among them, the correlation coefficient of the S. baicalensis from Linyi in Shandong province and the inorganic elements in soil was 0.953 which showed positive correlation significantly. Baicalin only positively correlated with K, Fe, and Mn; It negatively correlated with Cu, Zn, and Mg. Conclusion: The content of inorganic elements in the soil have a certain influence on the content of inorganic elements in S. baicalensis, and it also has a certain related trend with the content of baicalin.

Effect analysis on water decoction of Scutellaria baicalensis to transcription of uropathogenic Escherichia coli / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of inhibitory effect of Scutellaria baicalensis to uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Methods: RNA-seq was used to analyze transcriptome of UPEC NB8 effected by water decoction of S. baicalensis. S. baicalensis group and negative control group were set up. In S. baicalensis group, UPEC NB8 was disposed by water decoction of 10 times of MIC of S. baicalensis (62.5 mg/mL) for 30 min. While in negative control group, UPEC NB8 was disposed by same amount of normal saline. Then, total RNA of UPEC NB8 was extracted, while rRNA was removed, cDNA was reverse transcriptional synthesized. Transcriptome sequencing was sequenced on HiSeq2000, transcriptome data were analyzed by BIGpre, Tophat, and Cufflinks. Expression profile was analyzed for differential expression, GO, COG functional enrichment analysis, and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Results: A total of 1665 differentially expressed genes existed between S. baicalensis group and negative control group. Among them, 1169 genes were up-regulated genes, while 496 genes were down-regulated genes. Under the effect of water decoction of S. baicalensis, genes of NB8 down-regulated in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, biosynthesis of fatty acids, and ribosomal proteins, while genes of NB8 up-regulated chemotaxis and assembly path of flagella, and transportation protein ABC pathway. Conclusion: The molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of S. baicalensis to UPEC is explained. Targets of S. baicalensis to UPEC are glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, biosynthesis of fatty acids, and translation of proteins. Besides, chemotaxis, the assembly path of flagella, and transportation protein ABC also play a key role in alarm reaction of S. baicalensis.

Comparative study on quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different harvest periods using UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology / 药学学报

The quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has a close relationship to the harvest time. With the annual and biennial Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different harvest periods as samples, we detected the dynamic changes of chemical compositions in their contents by UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology, then identified the biomarkers of different harvest periods and analyzed their changes in content, finally analyzed the correlation among different metabolites. The results showed that chemical compositions of different harvest periods were obviously different, and showed regular changes. According to the results, if the flavonoid aglycones are chosen as the target components, the proposed harvest time could be May. If flavonoid glycosides, the time is from July to August. Plant metabolomics methodology based on UHPLC-MS/MS can be used to detect the chemical compositions of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in different harvest periods, which provide a reference to the optimum harvest period of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and also provide a new method of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Quality Standard for Biyankang Granule / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a method for the quality standard of Biyankang granule. Methods: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Puerariae Iobatae radix were identified by TLC. The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC with a Dubhe C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 mm). The mobile phase was methanol and 0. 4% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml· min-1 and the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 10 ml. Re-sults:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. A good linear relationship was shown within the range of 15. 02-300. 43 m g·ml-1 for baicalin (r=1.000 0). The average recovery of baicalin was 102.62% (RSD =0.72%, n =6). Conclusion: The method is specific with high accuracy and good reproducibility, which can be used for the quality control of Biyankang granule.

Structural characterization of C-glycosyl flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis and differentiation of isomers by UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS / 中草药

Objective: An UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry method has been developed for the efficient separation and detection of C-glycosyl flavonoids in the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis differentiation of isomers. Methods: Data were acquired by Orbitrap. MS2, MS3, and MS4 data were triggered by data-dependent acquisition mode. Isomers of C-glycosyl flavonoids were distinguished by a comparison study of mass distribution. Results: A total of 19 compounds were identified as C-glycosyl flavonoids, and several isomers were successfully discriminated. Conclusion: This method is proved to be powerful for the identification of C-glycosyl flavonoids and provides the important complementary information for other flavonoid analysis.

Determination of Six Kinds of Flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with Different Determination of Six Kinds of Flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with Different Storage Time by LC-MS / 医药导报

Objective To quantify the contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim and oroxylinA in the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with different storage time by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( LC-MS) and determine the stability of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods The LC system consisted of an Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column (2. 1 mm×150 mm,3. 5 μm) with acetonitrile and water (0. 1% formic acid) in linear gradient condition. The flow rate was 0. 2 mL·min-1 and the wavelength of detection was 276 nm. The mass spectrometer was operated under the positive ion mode with the ESI source. The precursor-to-product ion pair was 447/271 for baicalin,461/285 for wogonoside,271/123 for baicalein, 285/270 for wogonin, 255/153 for chrysim and 285/270 for oroxylinA, respectively. Results The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim and oroxylin A had a linear relationship with their peak areas within the ranges of 8. 86-177. 2, 2. 33-46. 5, 2. 6-52. 0, 0. 52-10. 4, 0. 04-0. 8 and 0. 04-0. 8 μg · mL-1 , respectively. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim, and oroxylin A were overall decreased over the first 3 months of storage,but remained relatively stable between 0 and 18 months. Conclusion The results provides basis for the establishment of quality standard.

Study on extraction of effective components in scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by orthogonal test / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the optimum extraction of total flavonoids and baicalin in baical skullcap root. Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect the content of total flavonoids, HPLC was used to detect the content of baicalin. With the test of extracting method, time, frequency, and adding water volume, the optimum extracting craft was determined. Results The best craft for extraction was:heating water for recirculation, setting extracting time for 1.5 h, extracting frequency for 3 times, and water volume for 8 times of baical skullcap root. Conclusion The optimized process for extraction are stable, reasonable and feasible.