RESUMO
The study identified the main morphological index of the seedlings classification including seedling age,the root width and number of newborn buds and coarse roots, according to the local agricultural production techniques and assessment of Liriope spicata's growth and development condition. After carrying on K cluster analysis of the morphological, we separated the seedlings into two levels. The first level (Ⅰ): the new talent with the root width exceeding two point five millimeters, the new born buds exceeding three, and with the coarse root exceeding one. The second level (Ⅱ): the old talent with the root width below one millimeters, the newborn buds below two and without coarse root. The study surveyed the plants' growth index dynamics, as well as the yield and quality of the tuberous root. The experimental results suggested that the growth condition of seedling Ⅰwas better, the yield of earthnut higher, the quality of earthnut more excellent. The study lied the foundation of L. spicata's grading standards and standardized production.
RESUMO
Germination of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. seeds is non-uniform and asynchronous and there is still no consensus on the factors affecting it. Thus, the goal was to measure the robustness of pre-germination methods used to determine germination rates of C. langsdorffii seeds of different levels of quality and to present criteria for seedling classification that culminate in the officialization of one of these methods. Pre-germination methods were tested and the scarification of seeds sterilized with 0.05% NaClO was the most efficient for maximizing germination potential. Seeds of different quality were then treated with this method and collaborative tests evaluated by Ministry of Agriculture laboratories. These evaluations were based on normal seedlings produced from each seed lot. Morphofunctional classification was used throughout to determine essential seedling structures. Robustness of the method was measured by variance and the coefficient of variation of repeatability and reproducibility. Scarification and sterilization with sodium hypochlorite made it possible to both estimate the germination potential of seeds of different quality levels and reduce seedling infection and seed mortality. To analyze germination based on seedling criteria, normal seedlings of this species were defined as having thick cotyledons that are detached from the seed coat, developed hypocotyls and epicotyls and primary roots. These seedlings have woody primary roots and thick, sometimes poorly developed hypocotyls. Even though C. langsdorffii is a forest species and subject to high variability, the proximity of the percentages of normal seedlings among repetitions (low repeatability) and low inter-laboratory reproducibility reflecting the uniformity generated by the method.
A germinação de sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. - Fabaceae é descrita na literatura como desuniforme, assíncrona e com alto grau de incerteza, permanecendo controversos os fatores que a afetam. Diante disso, os objetivos foram determinar, por princípios metrológicos, a robustez de métodos pré-germinativos para as sementes da espécie com qualidades distintas e apresentar os critérios para a classificação das plântulas que culminaram com a oficialização de um dos métodos. Na primeira etapa, métodos pré-germinativos literatura foram testados e a escarificação das sementes desinfestadas com NaClO a 0,05% foi o mais eficiente para determinar o potencial de germinação das sementes. Na segunda etapa, esse método aplicado a lotes com qualidades distintas foi submetido a avaliação colaborativa entre laboratórios credenciados pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e avaliado com base nos percentuais de plântulas normais. Nas duas etapas, a classificação morfofuncional determinou as estruturas essenciais das plântulas da espécie no decorrer da análise de germinação. A robustez do método foi medida pela variância e coeficiente de variação de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade. A escarificação e desinfestação das sementes com hipoclorito de sódio permitem estimar o potencial de germinação das sementes de Copaifera langsdorffii com qualidades distintas, reduzindo a infecção das plântulas e a mortalidade das sementes. Na análise da germinação baseada no critério de plântulas, as plântulas normais da espécie devem apresentar cotilédones espessos e liberados do tegumento, hipocótilo e epicótilo desenvolvidos, além de raiz primária. São particularidades das plântulas da espécie, a raiz primária sublenhosa e o hipocótilo espesso, e pouco desenvolvido. Mesmo sendo Copaifera langsdorffii uma espécie florestal e sujeita à alta variabilidade, a proximidade dos percentuais de plântulas normais entre repetições, baixa repetitividade, e entre laboratórios, baixa reprodutibilidade, refletem a uniformidade gerada pelo método.