Improving Foot Self-care Practices Through Health Education Intervention Programs Among Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review

@#Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain one of the greatest significant problems of diabetes mellitus. It is a cause of main suffering and expenses for patient, and financial problem on health facilities and public. One of the strategies to overcome DFU is through health education to prevent foot ulcer, which focused in promoting foot self-care. To reach this aim, researchers had applied different educational approaches. This systematic review is to evaluate various types of educational programs in terms of its method of delivery and effectiveness. Methods: The search involved various databases; EBSCOHOST, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE SringerLink, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library. It was limited to full text research articles that report intervention studies, and the writte up in English Language, the publication was from 2005 to 2021. The key words were “diabetes”, “diabetes foot”, “foot self-care”, health education and “interventions”. Results: Twenty studies were involved in this review. Nine studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while eleven reported non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs). Conclusion: There are evidences that foot care education improves foot care and diabetic foot problems. Various health education approaches, for instance foot assessment, discussion, counseling, homebased visitation and telephone calls have been shown to be effective in improving educational programs. Studies in the future should focus on RCTs in different sites and apply follow-up of long duration to provide better recommendations to healthcare practitioners on effective educational interventions to prevent DFUs.

Two Arm Single-blind Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial Effects of Health Education Intervention on Foot Self-care Behavior Among Diabetic Patients: Study Protocol

@#Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic illness and it has a significant impact on health. Behavioral interventions theory could improve self-care practices of the foot among patients with diabetic. Behavioral interventions could prevent the risk of foot problems. This trial aims at determining the effect of patient education intervention on foot self-care behavior and clinical outcomes among diabetes patients. Methods: The study is a two-arm single-blinded randomized controlled trial which will be conducted in the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria involving 160 diabetic patients. A central computer-generated randomization list will be generated. Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes will be used to determine concealment. The sample size is 160; therefore 80 participants will receive three sessions of patient education in addition to usual care (intervention group) for three and six months while another 80 participants (control group) will receive only usual care and will receive health education after the study is completed. The outcome of the intervention effectiveness is measured by modified version of Diabetes foot Self-Care Behavior Scale (DFSBS). Discussion: Our hypothesis is that based on the Health Belief Model, patient education intervention can improve foot self-care behavior in the intervention group. Data collection will be done at baseline, and at three- and six-months post intervention. Trial Registration: The Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI), Reference no CTRI/2021/06/034311.

La alfabetización en salud como factor clave en el autocuidado de la dieta en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Health literacy as a key factor in diet self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Resumen Introducción: Alfabetización en Salud (AS) es un término que proviene del inglés health literacy, se refiere al conjunto de habilidades sociales y cognitivas que determinan la capacidad de una persona para acceder, entender y utilizar la información de forma que le permita mantener un buen estado de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre AS y las conductas de autocuidado en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico llevado a cabo en dos centros de salud de atención primaria de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México entre agosto-noviembre de 2016. La AS se midió con el European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47) y las conductas de autocuidado con el Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) de Toobert y Glasgow. Se eligieron 90 personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que acudían a consulta. La participación fue voluntaria y previa firma de consentimiento informado. Resultados: El autocuidado de la dieta mostró asociación con la AS en su dimensión de promoción de la salud (p=0,018). Conclusiones: La AS se relaciona con las conductas de autocuidado, en específico de la dieta; a medida que aumenta la AS mejora el autocuidado.

Abstract Introduction: Health literacy refers to the set of social and cognitive skills that define the person's ability to access, understand and utilize information in such a way that a healthy condition can be maintained. Objective: To determine the association between AS and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two primary health care centers in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz-Mexico, from August to November 2016. The AS was measured through the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47) and the self-care behaviors were assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) by Toobert and Glasgow. We chose 90 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended consultation at the health care centers. Although their participation was voluntary, participants were required to sign the informed consent form. Results: Diet self-care was associated with AS, in a health promotion context (p=0.018). Conclusions: AS is directly related to self-care behaviors, specifically to diet.

Acesso à orientação quanto ao autocuidado por pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase em um município da Zona da Mata Mineira / Access to guidance on self-care for people diagnosed with leprosy in a municipality of the Zona da Mata Mineira

Introdução: a hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. mesmo apresentando tratamento e cura, dependendo de sua evolução, pode levar a incapacidades físicas e deformidades principalmente em mãos, pés e olhos, sendo considerada, dentre as doenças transmissíveis, a que mais ocasiona incapacidades físicas. Objetivo:identificar quais são as ações de prevenção e controle de incapacidades físicas da hanseníase ofertadas a pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase de um município da Zona da mata mineira. Material e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de natureza observacional, com participação de 23 casos diagnosticados com hanseníase em um município da Zona da mata mineira no período de 2011 a 2016. A coleta de dados deu-se através de visitas domiciliares nas quais os participantes foram abordados individualmente. os dados, após a coleta na ferramenta oDK Collect, foram exportados, tratados e analisados no IBm® sPss ® statistics v. 24 for Windows. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, por meio de medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. Resultados: 21,7% negam ter recebido qualquer tipo de orientação ao autocuidado no momento do diagnóstico e os que receberam a oferta, esta não foi totalmente de acordo com o preconizado. Quanto às ações de controle da Hanseníase oferecidas pelo serviço de saúde em que os participantes fizeram tratamento, tem-se a presença de: consultas de acompanhamento (82,6%), ações oferecidas sempre ou quase sempre a cada consulta no tocante à avaliação da sensibilidade (95,7%), avaliação da força muscular (91,0%), orientações individuais para o autocuidado (69,6%) e orientações individuais quanto aos efeitos dos medicamentos (82,7%). evidenciou-se baixa presença de atividades educativas em grupo sobre a hanseníase (17,4%), assim como baixo número de encaminhamentos para especialistas (47,9%). Conclusão:verifica-se dificuldade operacional no manejo das ações de prevenção e controle de incapacidades da hanseníase, o que pode contribuir para o aumento do risco de desenvolver incapacidades físicas.

Introduction: leprosy is still a public health problem in Brazil. even with treatment and cure, depending on its evolution, it can lead to physical disabilities and deformities mainly in the hands, feet and eyes being considered the disease that most causes physical disabilities among communicable diseases. Objective: to identify what are the actions of prevention and control of physical disabilities of leprosy offered to people diagnosed with leprosy of a municipality in the Zona da mata mineira. Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, involving 23 cases diagnosed with leprosy in a municipality of Zona da mata mineira in the period from 2011 to 2016. Data were collected through home visits in which participants were individually addressed. The data, after the collection in the oDK Collect tool, was exported, processed and analyzed in IBm® sPss® statistics v. 24 for Windows. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out through measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: 21.7% deny receiving any kind of self-care orientation at the time of diagnosis. In addition, the offer was not fully in line with what was advocated. Regarding the leprosy control actions offered by the health service in which the participants received treatment: follow-up visits (82.6%), actions always or almost always offered at each consultation regarding the evaluation of the sensitivity (95.7%), muscle strength assessment (91.0%), individual guidelines for self-care (69.6%) and individual orientations regarding medication effects (82.7%). There was a low presence of group educational activities on leprosy (17.4%), as well as low referrals to specialists (47.9%). Conclusion: there is operational difficulty in managing the actions of prevention and control of leprosy disabilities, which may contribute to an increased risk of developing physical disabilities.

Survey of self-care in geriatric type 2 diabetic patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveThe investigate the action of self-care in geriatric type 2 diabetes patients.Methods96 geriatric type 2 patients were investigated through questionnaire. Results47 patients determined their blood sugar once or twice a week. 68 cases took medicine strictly.56 cases were good on alimentary control. 52 patients did exercise more than 1.5 h every day. The patients below 75 age old understood more about diabetes than that upward of 75.ConclusionTo improve the level of self-care on geriatric type 2 patients, the health care education must be done.