Cirugía en tumores de la región selar: informe de una serie de 15 casos / Surgery for tumors of the sellar region: report a series of 15 cases

Introducción: La región selar es considerada por algunos autores como el tercer sitio en orden de aparición de lesiones tumorales en la cavidad craneal. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 15 pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital “Roberto Rodríguez”, de la ciudad de Morón, provincia de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, en el período comprendido entre enero de 1996 y diciembre del 2008, con el diagnóstico de tumor selar, con crecimiento supraselar dependiente o no de la silla turca, el diagnóstico fue obtenido con la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) simple y contrastada de cráneo y silla turca, así como por imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN). Resultados: Las principales manifestaciones clínicas al momento de la cirugía fueron la cefalea, presente en todos los casos y los trastornos visuales en 10 (66,67 por ciento), en todos se pudo demostrar crecimiento supraselar excéntrico. En seis pacientes (40 por ciento), se realizaron abordajes combinados, transcraneal-transesfenoidal o viceversa, en tiempos quirúrgicos diferentes, en otros seis (40 por ciento) solo transesfenoidal y en tres (20 por ciento) solo transcraneal. Las complicaciones fueron tres casos (20 por ciento) con anosmia, luego de un corredor bifrontal, una crisis convulsiva tónicoclónica generalizada en el post operatorio inmediato (6,67 por ciento), un sangrado transoperatorio con infarto cerebral secundario a vasospasmo cerebral (6,67 por ciento). Los resultados fueron excelentes en 10 (66,66 por ciento), en tres casos (20 por ciento) buenos, en uno (6,67 por ciento), regular y una paciente falleció (6,67 por ciento).

Introduction: The sellar region is considered the third site of brain tumors. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in 15 patients operated on of sellar region tumor by transeptal transsphenoidal microsurgery and transcranialapproaches. Results: 10 giants pituitary adenoma by transesphenoidal or transcranial approaches, 2 craneopharyngiomas by transsphenoidal approach, 2 meningiomas and 1 dermoid tumor by transcranial approach. Complete resection was obtained in 73,33% of cases. The most frecuent complication was anosmia related with transcranial approaches. Results were excellent in 10 patients and with a mortality of 6,67%.

Modified transpterional approach for treatment of 326 patients with sellar region tumors by Microsurgery / 新乡医学院学报

Objective　To discuss the methods of treatment of sellar region tumors by microsurgery via modified transpterional approach.Methods　The clinical data of 326 patients with sellar region tumors were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients(of them 158 patients with pituitary adenomas, 89 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 79 patients with meningiomas)were treated by microsurgery via modified transpterional in our hospital in recent 4 years. The most important part of preoperative arrangement was giving glucocorticoid and anti-epilepsy drugs. Modified transpterional craniotomy was performed, and the tumors were removed by employing microsurgical techniques via the 5 anatomy interspaces in sellar region after the subarachnoid cisterns were dissected carefully under surgical microscope. Consciousness, urine volume and serum electrolyte of the patients were observed strictly after surgery, and the complications such as diabetes insipidus, serum electrolyte disorder and epilepsy were remedied in time.Results　The rate of intact frontal branch of facial nerve was 92.18% and that of intact supraorbital nerve was 95.72%. Atrophy of temporal muscle occurred in none of the patients. Total and/or subtotal resection of tumors was achieved in 95.26% patients and the rate of intact pituitary stalk was 62.44%. The major postoperative complications included diabetes insipidus and serum electrolyte disorder. Although the incidence of complications was high to 61.42%, complete restore was achieved in 97.12% of the patients with the complications within 1 month.Conclusion　The modified transpterional approach for sellar region tumors may give a lower incidence of damage to frontal branch of facial nerve, super-orbital nerve and temporal muscle, and it can achieve higher total resection rate and a less postoperative complications by employing modified transpterional approach and the microsurgical techniques, combined with the active treatments of postoperative complications, therefore it is deserved to be spread to use in clinical works.