Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract protects against norfloxacin-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats / 中草药·英文版

Objectives: While the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments, its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A. maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, which received normal saline, norfloxacin (50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), A. maurorum aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), and norfloxacin with A. maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages. Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests. Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination. Results: A. maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde, and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration. Concurrent administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, and uric acid and increased RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV, leucocyte, and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group. Co-administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues. The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids. Conclusion: These findings indicated that A. maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.

Study of liver biochemical profiles in congestive heart failure patients in Government Dharmapuri Medical College, Dharmapuri

Introduction: Heart failure causes a number of pathophysiological affects which, alone or in combination result in liver cell damage. As a consequence, liver function abnormalities are so common in heart failure. Liver dysfunction in heart failure is usually mild and asymptomatic and often detected incidentally on routine liver biochemical investigations. Aim of The Study: To study the influence of congestive heart failure on liver biochemical profiles. Materials and methods: Among cases admitted with heart failure in the medical wards, government general hospital, sixty patients who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up for study. Results: Among the total heart failure cases, 40% were due to rheumatic heart disease. Dilated cardiomyopathies represent about 23% of cases. Heart failure secondary to coronary artery heart disease is seen in about 13% of cases. We have found five cases with acute heart failure and three cases with hypotension. Present study revealed a strong correlation between liver function derangements and the above cases. Conclusion: The study observed 20% of cases with jaundice. Among sixty cases liver enlargement was seen in 63% of cases. Increased liver size is strongly correlated with hyperbilirubinemia. Though the conjugated fraction of bilirubin is also elevated, the levels of unconjugated fraction were higher. Serum aminotransferases were elevated in 78% of cases unlike serum alkaline phosphatase which is increased only in 25% of cases. There found to be a significant correlation between rise in unconjugated bilirubin and elevation of serum aminotransferases.

Estimación del intervalo de referencia de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasa alcalina séricos en población pediátrica utilizando una base de datos por el método de Hoffmann modificado / Determination of the reference interval of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in the pediatric population using a data base and the modified Hoffman method

Las concentraciones de calcio (Ca), fósforo (P) y fosfatasa alcalina sérica (FAL) son extensamente evaluados en pediatría. La aplicación del procedimiento recomendado por la International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) para evaluar FAL en el equipo Cobas 501 de Roche, requirió de una reevaluación del Intervalo de referencia (IR) en nuestra población pediátrica. El método indirecto de Hoffmann con la modificaciones propuestas por Katayev et al. provee un mecanismo para estimar IR en poblaciones de difícil estudio como la pediátrica. A partir de trabajar con nuestra base de datos nos propusimos fijar IR para Ca., P, y FAL discriminados por edad y sexo (en el caso de la FAL) en nuestra población pediátrica. Se utilizaron los resultados de un año de la base de datos del hospital de sujetos entre 0 y 18 años El total de los sujetos analizados fue de 13.906 pacientes para Calcio 14.790 para fósforo y 6.333 para FAL. En FAL encontramos dimorfismo sexual en los grupos de 7 a 9, 10 a 12, 13 a 15 y 16 a 18 años con una diferencia significativa (p<0,0001). Los IR fueron calculados con los procedimientos recomendados por edad y género, los analitos Ca y P no presentaron diferencias por sexo y las diferencias por edad no fueron significativas aunque sí resultaron útiles para fijar los rangos frente a la FAL. El método de Hoffmann modificado es útil para la evaluación de poblaciones con dificultades para su estudio como la pediátrica (AU)

Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels are broadly assessed in pediatrics. The procedure recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) for measuring AP in the Cobas 501 of Roche required reassessment of the reference interval (RI) in our pediatric population. The indirect method of Hoffmann with modifications proposed by Katayev et al. provides a mechanism to estimate the RI in difficult-to-study populations, such as children. Based on our data base, we aimed at determining the RI for Ca, P, and AP divided by age and sex (in the case of AP) in our pediatric population. One-year results of the hospital data base of subjects between 0 and 18 years of age were used. A total of 13.906 patients were analyzed for Ca, 14,790 for Ph, and 6,333 for AP. For AP sexual dimorphism was found in the age groups 7 to 9, 10 to 12, 13 to 15, and 16 to 18 years with a significant difference (p<0.0001). RIs were calculated with recommendations for age and sex. The analytes Ca and P did not show differences according to age, and differences according to sex were not significant although they were useful to determine ranges relative to AP. The modified Hoffmann method is useful in the evaluation of difficult-to-study populations, such as children (AU)

Serum alkaline phosphatase predicts survival outcomes in patients with skeletal metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Bone metastasis is frequently associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The diagnosis and follow-up of bone metastatic patients usually relies on skeletal X-ray and bone scintigraphy, which are time-consuming and costly. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum alkaline phosphatase offers clinical value in predicting the clinical response and survival outcome for skeletal metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Serum alkaline phosphatase was measured at baseline and then before each cycle of treatment in 416 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with bone metastasis. The correlations between the pre-treatment and post-treatment alkaline phosphatase levels and the treatment efficacy were analyzed using the chi-square test. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and then compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Patients with elevated pre-treatment alkaline phosphatase (>110 IU/L) had significantly worse progression-free survival (P<0.001) and overall survival (P<0.001) than those with a normal level of this marker (≤110 IU/L). Patients with elevated post-treatment alkaline phosphatase had worse progression-free survival (P<0.001) and overall survival (P<0.001) compared with those with a normal level. Patients with normal pre-treatment and post-treatment alkaline phosphatase showed the most favorable prognosis. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that only the pre-treatment and post-treatment alkaline phosphatase levels were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (HR ϝ 1.656, P<0.001; HR ϝ 2.226, P<0.001) and for overall survival (HR ϝ 1.794, P<0.001; HR ϝ 2.657, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum alkaline phosphatase appears to be a significant independent prognostic index in patients with skeletal metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which could reflect the short-term treatment response ...

The difference in serum alkaline phosphatase levels between girls with precocious puberty and those with normal puberty

PURPOSE: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level is the most valid marker of bone formation. Precocious puberty (PP) in girls is characterized by early growth acceleration. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum ALP levels differ between girls with PP and those with normal puberty, and whether ALP level varies with age or Tanner stage. METHODS: This retrospective study included girls with PP (n=61) and normal puberty (n=71) who visited the outpatient clinic at Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital from March 2010 to August 2011. We obtained age, height, parental height, weight, bone age, Tanner stage, and concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone, estradiol, ALP, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from the participants' medical records. RESULTS: Age and predicted adult height were significantly lower in girls with PP than in those with normal puberty. The height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, body mass index, midparental height, bone age, and IGF-1 level were higher in girls with PP than in those with normal puberty. ALP level was significantly higher in 5- to 8-year-old girls with PP than in age-matched girls with normal puberty. The mean ALP levels were higher in girls with PP than bone age-matched girls with normal puberty (P=0.0003) CONCLUSION: Serum ALP level showed the significance differences between girls with PP and those with normal puberty. The reasons for and the mechanisms underlying this elevation in serum ALP level in girls with PP should be investigated further.

Experimental model of heterotopic ossification in Wistar rats

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a metaplastic biological process in which there is newly formed bone in soft tissues adjacent to large joints, resulting in joint mobility deficit. In order to determine which treatment techniques are more appropriate for such condition, experimental models of induced heterotopic bone formation have been proposed using heterologous demineralized bone matrix implants and bone morphogenetic protein and other tissues. The objective of the present experimental study was to identify a reliable protocol to induce HO in Wistar rats, based on autologous bone marrow (BM) implantation, comparing 3 different BM volumes and based on literature evidence of this HO induction model in larger laboratory animals. Twelve male Wistar albino rats weighing 350/390 g were used. The animals were anesthetized for blood sampling before HO induction in order to quantify serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). HO was induced by BM implantation in both quadriceps muscles of these animals, experimental group (EG). Thirty-five days after the induction, another blood sample was collected for ALP determination. The results showed a weight gain in the EG and no significant difference in ALP levels when comparing the periods before and after induction. Qualitative histological analysis confirmed the occurrence of heterotopic ossification in all 12 EG rats. In conclusion, the HO induction model was effective when 0.35 mL autologous BM was applied to the quadriceps of Wistar rats.

A Study on the Nutrient Intakes and Zinc Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Ulsan

The purpose of this study was to determine the zinc status of preschool children in Ulsan. The study was conducted in 95 children aged 3 to 6 years by investigating the anthropometric indices and assessing the biochemical analysis. The blood was analysed to assess serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase. And a questionnaire for dietary intakes using 24-hr recall method were performed by mothers of 95 subjects. The dietary intakes of children were analysed to determine the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes of zinc with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). WHL (Weight-Length Index) and Kaup index were used to define obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obese subjects were 14.7% and 6.3% by WHL, were 15.8% and 13.7% by Kaup index. The mean intakes of zinc by children aged 3~5y and 6y were 5.5 +/- 1.4 mg/d (75.7% RDA) and 6.7 +/- 2.0 mg/d, respectively, that was the level exceeding the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended intake (RI) of Korean Dietary Reference Intakes. Less than 1.3% and 7.9% of children had usual zinc intakes below EAR and RI of KDRIs, respectively. The percentages of children with intakes exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) were 2.6%. The zinc nutritional status by biological assay was found that mean serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of total subjects were 64.0 +/- 8.4 microgram/dl and 72.8 +/- 14.9 U/L, there was not a significant difference between boys and girls. The range of serum zinc level was 45~89 microgram/dl and children with a low serum zinc concentration by several cut-off points were 18.9~55.8%, especially. Serum zinc level was positively correlated to the intakes of calorie, calcium, fiber, iron, zinc, zinc/kg and height (p < 0.001). Serum ALP was positively correlated height, weight and WLI. The zinc intake of children also showed a positive correlation with height and weight. These results indicate that there were significant correlations between the zinc status and growth of preschool children. Preschool children in Ulsan have dietary zinc intakes that exceed the new DRIs. The present level of intake does not seem to pose a health problem, but if zinc intakes with fortified foods and supplements were considered, the amount of zinc consumed by children may become excessive.

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity after intravenous administration of albumin preparation

Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is elevated in hepatobiliary disease, bone disease, pregnancy and certain neoplasms. Recently we experienced marked elevation of serum AP activity after administration of albumin preparation in nephrotic patients who suffered from hypovolemic symptoms. So serum AP activity and the isoenzymes in the albumin preparations & patient's serum after the administration of albumin preparation were studied. Serum AP activity was significantly higher after administration of albumin preparation (318+/-101 IU/L) then before (123+/-43 IU/L). The predominant isoenzyme after administration of albumin was placental type, while liver and bone type was predominant before administration. AP activity in albumin preparation was high (2,133+/-1,410 IU/L) and the isoenzyme was mostly placental type. So we concluded that marked elevation of serum AP activity after administration of albumin was traced to the placental type AP isoenzyme in some albumin preparations which was manufactured from the plasma of placental origin. Elevated serum AP activity like these may lead to erroneous interpretation. Manufactures should notify alkaline phosphatase activity in albumin preparations of placental origin.