Variability of Physiochemical properties of Pig Manure with Added Wood Shavings during Open-Air Dumping and Windrow Composting

Background: Effective composting management practice through monitoring of composting governing parameters is very crucial in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the composting process and hence the quality of the compost.Aims: To assess the variability of the different physiochemical properties (pH, pile temperature, mass, VS, TS and TOC) during open-air dumping and windrow composting of raw pig manure and shavings amended pig manure with wood.Study Design: Field and laboratory experiment.Place and Duration of Study: Waste-to-resource project site and project laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science of the University of Buea, Cameroon between February and March 2022. Methodology: Two sets of pig manure and wood shavings were mixed in mass ratios of 100%:0% and 90%:10% and placed in four different chambers. One set was dumped in an open-air situation while the other set was left to compost for 40 days. Piles were monitored after every next day for pH, temperature, mass loss, EC, MC, TOC, TS and VS analyses.Results: The highest composting temperature (63.4℃) was experienced in the 90:10 % while the lowest (39.4℃) was experience in the 100%. All 100% treatments had an acidic starting pH (5.04 and 5.58) while 90:10% treatments had a more basic pH (6.76 and 6.82), there was a significant difference in EC between the open-air dumped and windrow compost piles (P = 0.000). Mass significantly reduced by 64% and 75% (100% and90:10% compost respectively), 51% and 56.5% (100% and 90:10%dumping respectively). Significant difference existed in MC (P = 0.010). Both VS and TC decrease across all treatments, the highest VS and TOC were observed in all 100:0% treatments.Conclusion: Open-air dumping and composting of pig manure with woods shavings should be promoted since it enhances physiochemical properties, but more emphasis should be on composting than on open-air dumping.

Efeitos da estabulação sobre o trato respiratório de equinos em dois tipos diferentes de camas e a pasto / Stabling effects on equine respiratory tract using two different types of stable beds and pasture

As afecções do sistema respiratório são a segunda causa de queda de desempenho e afastamento dos equinos do esporte ou trabalho, as quais estão atrás somente das desordens musculoesqueléticas. A estabulação e a alimentação à base de fenos predispõem os equinos à inalação de grande número de agentes irritantes às vias aéreas. No intuito de avaliar a influência dos tipos de cama utilizados em baias, estudaram-se três grupos de cinco equinos cada, durante 45 dias. Dois grupos foram mantidos em cocheiras com forrações diferentes à base de madeira (maravalha de pínus autoclavada-MA e serragem-SE) e o terceiro grupo permaneceu no pasto. Foram realizadas avaliações quinzenais, que incluíram exame físico, hemograma, hemogasometria e lavado broncoalveolar. Ao exame físico, notou-se a presença de tosse e espirros em animais do grupo SE. No lavado broncoalveolar, a contagem de células nucleadas totais apresentou maiores valores nos animais a pasto, seguido do grupo SE e, por último, o MA. Concluiu-se que as duas camas testadas neste estudo não apresentaram diferença com relação à capacidade irritativa das vias aéreas superiores no período analisado.(AU)

Respiratory system affections in horses are the second cause of decrease in performance and removal from the sport or farm work, which are behind only the musculoskeletal disorders. Stabling and hay feeding predisposes horses' airways to inhalation of large numbers of irritating agents. To evaluate the influence of bed types used in bays, 3 groups of 5 horses each were studied for 45 days. Two groups were kept in stables with different wood beds - based rafters (autoclaved pine - MA and sawdust - SE) and the third group remained in the pasture. Biweekly evaluations with physical examination, hemogram, hemogasometry and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. On physical examination, the presence of cough and sneezing was observed in animals of the SE group. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, the total nucleated cell count presented higher values in the animals in the pasture, followed by the SE group and finally the MA. It was concluded that the different beds used presented no difference with respect to the irritative capacity of the upper airways.(AU)

The empirical pharmacodynamics study of compound orange peel bamboo shavings formula capsules in chemical constipation / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore the effect of compound orange peel bamboo shavings formula capsules on constipation by examining on chemical constipation mice.Methods Constipation was induced by oral administration of diphenoxylate and ondansetron.Mice were fed with compound orange peel bamboo shavings formula capsule at the doses of 3.2, 1.6 and 0.8 g/kg, respectively.Results The middle dose and high dose of compound orange peel bamboo shavings formula capsule shortened the start time of defecation, and increased fecal pellets number and wet weight in the diphenoxylate-induced constipated mice or the ondansetron-induced constipated mice (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compound orange peel bamboo shavings formula capsule produces a laxative activity against diphenoxylate-induced constipated mice or ondansetroninduced constipated mice.

Identification of Bamboo Shavings, Concretio Silicea Bambusae and Their Closely Related Species based on the psbA-trnH Intergenic Region / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In this study, the psbA-trnH sequence was used as DNA barcoding to evaluate the accuracy and stability for identification of Bamboo shavings, Concretio Silicea Bambusae and their closely related species. 56 samples were collected and conducted the DNA extraction. Obtained sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner V4.2, the genetic distances and NJ tree were computed and constructed using MEGA 5.0. The results shows that the maximum intra-specific K2P distances were less than the minimum inter-specific K2P distances. The NJ tree indicated that Bamboo shavings, Concretio Silicea Bambusae and their closely related species can be distinguished from each other clearly, except for Bambusa tuldoides Munro and Bambusa textilis, which perhaps attributed to their closely genetic relationship.

Clinical Experiences on Flexible Application of Herbal Medicine by National Famous Senior Doctor of TCM Professor Wang Jusheng / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Professor W ang Jusheng has practiced traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 30 years. She has experiences in the treatment of various diseases with an open mind and unique medication style. Her medication selection is bold but cautious with obvious curative effect. This article introduced the flexible clinical application of four TCM herbs, which are peony, bamboo shavings, clematis root and zaocys dhumnades in order to provide inspira-tion and guidance for TCM clinical practitioners and researchers.