Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery : A Narrative Review

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery is considered the standard treatment for revascularization in Coronary Artery Disease. The Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (OPCAB) which evades the use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) became a popular CABG procedure, due to the adverse effect of CPB. Hypothetically, OPCAB may improve the rates of perioperative Myocardial Injury, Neurocognitive Impairment, Stroke and Mortality. However, some studies showed no superior outcomes for OPCAB compared to on-pump CABG. This study aims to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of OPCAB versus On-Pump CABG. The results showed that OPCAB is probably a safe procedure for patients, especially for those with high-risk conditions. OPCAB procedure showed superior short-term outcomes in terms of Myocardial Infarction, Systemic Inflammatory Response, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Renal Failure, Stroke, Pulmonary Complication, Postoperative Transfusion, Hospital stay length and infection than On-pump CABG. However, regarding long-term outcomes, Off-Pump CABG had a higher rate of incomplete revascularization and repeat revascularization and a higher risk of long-term mortality as well as lower graft patency. Furthermore, the result showed that the higher experience of the surgeons in OPCAB improves the outcome of the Surgery.

Short-term clinical outcomes of adult cardiac surgery in patients with prior COVID-19 in a single center / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To provide experience for clinical diagnosis and treatment through exploring the perioperative characteristics and short-term treatment outcomes of adult cardiac surgery in patients with prior coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods    A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or valve surgery in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from December 26, 2022 to December 31, 2022, and previously diagnosed with COVID-19 before surgery. Results    Finally 108 patients were collected, including 81 males and 27 females, with an average age of 60.73±8.66 years. Two (1.9%) patients received emergency surgery, and the others received elective surgery. The 86.1% of patients had been vaccinated, and the duration of COVID-19 was 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) days. The time from COVID-19 to operation was 15.0 (12.0, 17.8) days. Eighty-nine patients received CABG, of which off-pump CABG was dominant (92.1%). Nineteen patients received valve surgery. The rate of delayed extubation of ventilator was 17.6%. The ICU stay was 21.0 (17.3, 24.0) hours, and the postoperative hospital stay was 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) days. Three (2.8%) patients were treated with intra-aortic balloon  pump (IABP), one (0.9%) patient was treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), one (0.9%) patient was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute renal insufficiency, three (2.8%) patients were treated with temporary pacemaker, and one (0.9%) patient underwent rethoracotomy. In terms of postoperative complications, the incidence of cerebrovascular accident, acute renal insufficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding and septicemia was 0.9%, respectively, and the incidence of acute heart failure, lung infection, and liver insufficiency was 1.9%, respectively. All patients recovered and were discharged from hospital, and no in-hospital death occurred. Conclusion     The utilization rate of postoperative IABP, ECMO, CRRT, temporary pacemaker and the incidence of serious complications in patients with prior COVID-19 are not higher than those of normal patients, and the short-term treatment outcome is good.

Short-term Outcomes and Long-term Survival Outcomes of Elderly Patients (Over 80 Years of Age) with Colorectal Cancer Who Received Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To examine short-term outcomes and long-term survival of elderly patients (aged over 80 years) with colorectal cancer who received laparoscopic versus open surgery. Methods A total of 313 patients over 80 years old with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery were included.According to the surgical method, all patients were divided into open-surgery group (n=143) and laparoscopic surgery group (n=170).Baseline data were balanced between the two groups by using propensity score matching.Kaplan-Meier was used to draw the survival curve, and survival was compared by Log rank tests.Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the effects of all factors on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results After matching, 93 patients were included in each group.The mean intraoperative blood loss, the incidence of overall postoperative complications and gradeⅠ-Ⅱ complications in the laparoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the open surgery group (all P < 0.05).The time to first flatus, the time to oral feeding, and postoperative hospital stays in the laparoscopic surgery group were significantly shorter than those in the open surgery group (all P < 0.05).The mean number of lymph-node dissection was also significantly higher in the laparoscopic surgery group than in the open surgery group (P=0.030).Patients in both groups had similar 5-year OS (P=0.594) and DFS (P=0.295).Multivariate Cox prognostic analysis showed that CEA level > 5 ng/ml, pathological TNM stage Ⅲ, and perineural invasion were independent risk factors for poor OS and DFS. Conclusion Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery can provide better short-term advantages and similar long-term outcomes for colorectal cancer patients over 80 years of age.

Características operativas de la regla de predicción STePS, para desenlaces graves a corto plazo en pacientes con síncope / Operative characteristics of the STePS prediction rule for short-term serious outcomes in patients with syncope

Resumen Introducción: el síncope es una entidad clínica frecuente en urgencias con un pronóstico variable que depende de su etiología. El estudio STePS identificó cuatro variables que se asociaron independientemente con desenlaces graves a 10 días. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar su rendimiento en una población de pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias por síncope. Metodología: estudio prospectivo observacional de pacientes que consultaron a urgencias del Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael con diagnóstico de síncope. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables demográficas y clínicas de la población, y un análisis comparativo según el ingreso o no a UCI. Se analizaron las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas por medio de prueba de chi cuadrado y t student respectivamente. Las características operativas de la regla STePS fueron evaluadas en una gráfica considerándose como aceptable un área bajo la curva (AUC) mayor a 0.8 y como óptima un AUC mayor a 0.9. Resultados: se incluyeron 98 pacientes. El rendimiento de la regla de predicción STePS fue AUC-ROC 0.64 (IC95%; 0.53-0.75). Sólo el electrocardiograma anormal (OR 13.98, IC 95% 1.29151.9) y trauma concomitante (OR 5.22, IC 95% 1.20-22.67) demostraron ser factores de riesgo para desenlaces graves a 10 días. Se identificaron factores prevalentes en la población con ingreso a UCI: edad >65 años (p=0.02), antecedente de falla cardiaca (p=0.047), enfermedad renal crónica (p=0.002) y cardiopatía (p=0.01). Conclusión: la regla de predicción STePS no tuvo un rendimiento favorable para predicción de desenlaces graves a 10 días del evento sincopal en esta población estudiada.

Abstract Introduction: syncope is a common clinical condition in the emergency room with a variable prognosis depending on its etiology. The STePS study identified four variables which were independently related to serious outcomes within 10 days. The objective of the study was to evaluate its performance in a population of patients seen in the emergency room for syncope. Methods: a prospective observational study of patients seen in the emergency room of the Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael with a diagnosis of syncope. A descriptive analysis of the population's demographic and clinical variables was conducted, along with a comparative analysis according to admission or non-admission to the ICU. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed using Chi-square or Student's t test, respectively. The operative characteristics of the STePS rule were evaluated in a graph, with an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.8 considered to be acceptable, and greater than 0.9 considered to be optimal. Results: Ninety-eight patients were included. The performance of the STePS prediction rule was AUC-ROC 0.64 (95% CI; 0.53-0.75). Only an abnormal electrocardiogram (OR 13.98, 95% CI 1.29-151.9) and concomitant trauma (OR 5.22, 95% CI 1.20-22.67) proved to be risk factors for serious outcomes within 10 days. Prevalent factors in the population admitted to the ICU were: age >65 years (p=0.02), a history of heart failure (p=0.047), chronic kidney disease (p=0.002) and heart disease (p=0.01). Conclusion: the STePS prediction rule did not perform favorably for predicting serious outcomes within 10 days of the syncopal event in this study population.

Short-term clinical efficacy of robotic radical resection for high rectal cancer with transvaginal specimen extraction / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the short-term clinical efficacy of robotic radical resection for high rectal cancer with transvaginal specimen extraction.@*Methods@#A cohort study was carried out. The clinical data of consecutive patients with high rectal cancer who underwent robotic radical resection at the Department of General Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2017 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria: (1) preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer, and distance from tumor to anal margin≥10 cm undercolonoscopy; (2) T1-3 assessed by preoperative imaging examination, and no distant metastasis; (3) female, age≥50 years old, body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2; (4) without radiotherapy and chemotherapy before surgery; (5) implementation of robotic radical surgery for high rectal cancer. Fourteen female patients undergoing transvaginal removal of specimen without abdominal incision were included in the no incision group with age of (62.2±9.3) years old and distance from tumor to anal verge of (12.5±0.9) cm. As the match of 1:2, 28 simultaneous patients of high rectal cancer undergoing traditional robotic surgery (surgery interval <8 months) were enrolled to the control group, with age of (60.6±12.8) years old and distance from tumor to anal verge of (11.3±3.8) cm. Short-term efficacy and safty were compared between two groups. Follow-up ended in September 2018.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the no incision group had longer operation time [(149.6±15.6) minutes vs. (130.9±12.9) minutes, t=-4.135, P<0.001], shorter time to postoperative flatus [(40.9 ±2.6) hours vs. (51.9±2.9) hours, t=12.049, P<0.001], lower pain score on the operation day and the first day after surgery (using Changhaipainstick) [(3.1±0.4) points vs. (4.6±0.7) points, t=7.458, P<0.001; (2.5±0.3) points vs. (3.3±0.5) points, t=6.142, P<0.001], shorter time to ground activity [(15.6±2.0) hours vs. (24.3±2.5) hours, t=11.102, P=0.030], and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(6.1±0.8) days vs. (7.2±1.3) days, t=2.806, P=0.008], whose differences were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, proportion of postoperative analgesia patients, and complication within 30 days after surgery (all P>0.05). In the no incision group and the control group,the tumor size was (3.1±0.4) cm and (3.6±0.9) cm, the proximal margin distance was (9.1±1.5) cm and (9.8±1.5) cm, the distal margin distance was (4.3±0.4) cm and (4.5±0.4) cm, the number of harvested lymph node was 15.8±2.4 and 15.2 ± 2.5, and the number of positive lymph node was 0.6±1.3 and 1.1±2.4, respectively, whose differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The mean followed-up period was 10 months (7-14 months) in the no incision group, and 14 months (10-18 months) in the control group. No local recurrence and distant metastasis were found in both groups.@*Conclusion@#Robotic radical resection for high rectal cancer with transvaginal specimen extraction is safe and feasible with advantages of rapid postoperative recovery, less postoperative pain and short hospital stay.

Comparison of short-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To assess the safety, feasibility and short-term outcome of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG).@*Methods@#Seventy-five patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science between August 2015 and April 2018 were enrolled in this study. A total of 46 laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) cases and 29 TLDG cases were included. The Short-term outcomes and safeties of the two groups were compared.@*Results@#The operation time of TLDG group was significantly longer than that of LADG group (207±41 vs. 156±34 min, P<0.001), while the length of wound was shorter in the TLDG group (3.6±0.6 vs. 5.8±0.8 cm, P<0.001). The time to first flatus in TLDG group was (3.3±0.6) days, significantly shorter than (3.7±0.8) days in LADG group (P=0.034). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the estimated blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, extraction of gastric tube, drainage tube removal, interval of the first time to eat semi-liquid food, postoperative hospital stays, surgical complications, number of retrieved lymph nodes, proximal and distal resection margin lengths (all P>0.05). The white blood cell count at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group was (10.96±1.96) ×109/L, significantly lower than (12.49±3.46)×109/L of the LADG group (P=0.017). While the CRP level at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group were lower than that of LADG group, no statistical difference was observed (P=0.072).@*Conclusions@#Our study shows that TLDG is safe and feasible. TLDG has better cosmesis, less blood loss, and faster recovery compared to LADG.

Risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease accompanied with diarrhea and its impact on short-term prognosis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) accompanied with diarrhea in order to analyze the possible risk factors and its impact on short-term prognosis.Methods From January 2013 to June 2015,a total of 169 IBD patients with diarrhea who visited Rui Jin Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University were enrolled,and in the same period 184 non-IBD patients with diarrhea were enrolled as control group.Clinical data of IBD patients with diarrhea were collected.Clostridium difficile toxins A and B of stool specimens of all included patients were detected with enzyme immunoassay.T test,chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 169 IBD patients with diarrhea,there were 137 adults and 32 children.The positive rate of CDI of IBD patients with diarrhea (9.5％,16/169) was higher than that of non-IBD patients with diarrhea (1.1％,2/184),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =12.785,P ＜ 0.0l).The positive rate of CDI in adults and children with IBD accompanied with diarrhea were 7.3％ (10/137),and 18.8％ (6/32),respectively.Among 16 CDI-positive IBD patients with diarrhea,10 patients had hospitalization history before admission,and the rate of previous hospitalizations was higher than that of CDI-negative IBD patients with diarrhea (37.3％,57/153),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =2.875,P =0.01,odds ratio (OR) =1.26,95％ confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 2.03).Furthermore,among 16 CDI-positive IBD patients with diarrhea,14 patients had been treated with antibiotic drugs before,the antibiotic utilization rate was higher than that of CDI-negative IBD patients with diarrhea (34.6％,53/153),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.778,P ＜ 0.01,OR =24.74,95％ CI 3.15 to 194.46).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the length of hospitalization,incidence of bowel surgery and usage of inflaximab within six months after Clostridium difficile detection between the CDI-positive group and CDInegative group of 1BD patients with diarrhea (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The incidence of CD1 in IBD patients with diarrhea increases.The risk factors include history of previous hospitalization before admission and antibiotic usage.However there is no significant correlation between CDI and short-term prognosis of IBD.

Comparison of Short-term Outcomes of Lung Segmentectomy by Robotic-assisted and Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung segmentectomy is increasingly used to resect lung nodules. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is widely chosen to performing lung segmentectomy, while robotic assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) was also one useful and practical method. There article was intended to compared the short-time outcomes of RATS and VATS in lung segmentectomy.@*METHODS@#The patients with lung nodules underwent segmentectomy by either RATS or VATS from January 2016 to April 2017 were studied. Baseline characteristics and short-time outcomes (dissected lymph nodes, postoperative duration of drainage, postoperative hospital stay, incidence of pro-longed air leak, atrial fibrillation and pneumonia) were compared.@*RESULTS@#166 patients were included in this study: 81 patients underwent RATS segmentectomy while 85 underwent VATS segmentectomy. The number of lymph nodes dissected in RATS group was more than in VATS group ［(13.07±5.08) vs (10.81±5.74), P=0.010］. The incidence of some postoperative complications such as pro-longed air leak, atrial fibrillation was not significant different between the two approaches.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with VATS, RATS has similar safety and operability, and the number of lymphadenectomy is significantly more than that of VATS.

A Paired Case Controlled Study Comparing the Short-term Outcomes of Da Vinci RATS and VATS Approach for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Da Vinci Surgical System is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, which represents the development direction of the precise minimally invasive surgical techniques, the aim of this study was to comparing the short-term outcomes between da Vinci robot-assisted lobectomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.@*METHODS@#45 pairs of non-small cell lung cancer patients underwent pulmonary lobectomy with da Vinci Robotic assisted thoracoscopic (RATS) and VATS approach during the same period from January 2014 to January 2017. The operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), total number and total groups of dissected lymph nodes, postoperative duration of drainage, the first day volume of drainage, total volume of drainage were compared.@*RESULTS@#No perioperative death and convertion to thoracotomy occured in both groups. There were significant difference between RATS group and VATS group in EBL [(50.30±32.33) mL vs (208.60±132.63) mL], the first day volume of drainage [(275.00±145.42) mL vs (347.60±125.80) mL], the dissected total number [(22.67±9.67) vs (15.51±5.41)] and total team [(6.31±1.43) vs (4.91±1.04)] of lymph node. There were no significant difference in other outcomes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#RATS is safe and effective and took better short-outcomes than VATS in non-small cell lung cancer.

Short-term clinical efficacies of Da Vinci robotic surgical system-assisted and laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To compare the short-term clinical efficacies of Da Vinci robotic surgical systemassisted and laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC).Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 162 patients who underwent minimally invasive radical gastrectomy for locally advanced GC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between September 2016 and September 2017 were collected.Of 162 patients,65 undergoing Da Vinci robotic surgical system-assisted radical gastrectomy were allocated into the robotic group and 97 undergoing laparoscopyassisted radical gastrectomy were allocated into the laparoscopic group.According to Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines,patients with upper GC and with middle or lower GC underwent respectively total gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection and distal subtotal gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection,and then Billroth Ⅱ or Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative situations;(2) detection of lymph node;(3) follow-up and survival situations.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s,and comparisons between groups were analyzed using the t test.Comparisons of count data were done using the chi-square test.Ordinal data were analyzed by the nonparametric test.Results (1) Surgical and postoperative situations:all 162 patients underwent successful surgery,without conversion to laparoscopic or open surgery,and pathological resection margins were confirmed as R0.Volume of intraoperative blood loss,levels of amylase in peritoneal drainage fluid at day 1,2 and 3 postoperatively,levels of serum amylase fluid at day 1,2 and 3 postoperatively were respectively (123±39) mL,(557± 181) U/L,(357± 127) U/L,(183±86) U/L,(181±47)U/L,(123±29)U/L,(85±22)U/L in the robotic group and (142±40)mL,(793±284)U/L,(497±199)U/L,(279±157) U/L,(218±45) U/L,(162±37) U/L,(120±31) U/L in the laparoscopic group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =-3.015,-2.817,-2.364,-2.132,-2.372,-3.338,-3.720,P＜0.05).Cases with distal subtotal gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection and with total gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection,cases with Billroth Ⅱ and Roux-en-Y of digestive tract reconstruction,time of distal subtotal gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection,time of total gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection,cases with anastomotic leakage,pulmonary infection,wound infection or liquefaction and delayed gastric emptying,cases in grading Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ of postoperative complications,time of postoperative drainage-tube removal and duration of postoperative hospital stay were respectively 47,18,40,25,(222±37) minutes,(274±43) minutes,1,1,1,1,2,1,0,0,(6.5-± 1.5) days,(10.0±4.0) days in the robotic group and 74,23,69,28,(213±40) minutes,(262±39)minutes,2,4,1,0,4,1,0,1,(6.9±1.7)days,(10.0±5.0)days in the laparoscopic group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2=0.326,1.628,t =1.272,0.960,x2=2.501,Z=-1.342,t=-1.142,-0.115,P＞0.05).One and 1 patients in the robotic and laparoscopic groups who were complicated with esophagus-jejunum anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy + Roux-en-Y anastomosis were cured by nutrition support therapy using feeding tube placement under gastroscopy,and 1 patient in the laparoscopic group who were complicated with gastrojejunal anastomosis leakage after distal subtotal gastrectomy +Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis received the second surgical exploration and jejunal feeding tube placement.Patients with pulmonary infection,wound infection or liquefaction and delayed gastric emptying were cured by conservative treatment.Levels of amylase in peritoneal drainage fluid and serum amylase fluid at day 1,2 and 3 postoperatively were not higher than 3 times of upper limit of normal,without treatment interventions.(2) Detection of lymph node:overall number of lymph nodes detected in the robotic and laparoscopic groups were respectively 36.82±13.41 and 35.21 ± 11.52,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t =0.786,P＞ 0.05).Results of further analysis showed that numbers of lymph node dissected in the 2nd station and upper region of pancreas in patients undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection were respectively 6.04±3.98,13.51±6.53 in the robotic group and 4.45±3.12,11.40±5.30 in the laparoscopic group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t=2.461,1.986,P＜0.05).Numbers of lymph node dissected in No 7 and 8 groups and upper region of pancreas in patients undergoing total gastrectomy + D2 lymph node dissection were respectively 5.44±2.63,2.92±1.87,10.81±4.78 in the robotic group and 3.11±1.82,1.62±1.33,7.76±3.34 in the laparoscopic group,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =3.340,2.689,2.522,P＜0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:of 162 patients,148 were followed up for 2-14 months,with a median time of 8 months.During the follow-up,patients in the 2 groups had tumor-free survival.Conclusions Da Vinci robotic surgical system-assisted radical gastrectomy is safe and feasible.Compared with laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced GC,it has advantages of clear vision of the local anatomy,less intraoperative bleeding,more numbers of lymph nodes dissected in the upper region of pancreas and lighter pancreatic injure,meanwhile,it has also certain operating advantages around the great vessels and in the deep and narrow spaces.

Short-term outcome analysis of laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the short-term outcome of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) for pancreatic head cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 108 patients with pancreatic head cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between July 2014 and July 2015 were collected.Among 108 patients,47 and 61 who respectively underwent LPD and OPD were allocated into LPD and OPD groups.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative situations;(2) postoperative situations;(3) postoperative pathological situations;(4) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect chemotherapy and postoperative survival situations at 1 and 3 years postoperatively up to June 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Comparison between groups of count data was analyzed using the chi-square test.Results (1) Intraoperative situations:operation time in the LPD and OPD groups was respectively (288±24)minutes and (265±29)minutes,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t=5.138,P＞0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss in the LPD and OPD groups was respectively (136±14)mL and (388±21)mL,with a statistically significant difference between groups (t=-7.297,P＜0.05).Cases with blood transfusion were respectively 3 and 7 iu the LPD and OPD groups,with no statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =0.325,P ＞ 0.05).(2) Postoperative situations:of 47 patients in the LPD group,16 with postoperative complications were improved by conservative treatment,including 7 with pancreatic fistula (5 with biochemical pancreatic fistula and 2 with grading B and C of pancreatic fistula);4 with delayed gastric emptying were cured by gastrointestinal decompression and gastric motility promoting treatment;2 with postoperative bleeding were improved by conservative treatment;2 with intraabdominal infection were improved by enhanced antibiotic therapy and transabdominal percutaneous drainagc;1 with biliary fistula was improved by transabdominal percutaneous drainage;there was no wound infection and perioperative death.Of 61 patients in the OPD group,28 with postoperative complications were improved by conservative treatment,including 12 with pancreatic fistula (9 with biochemical pancreatic fistula and 3 with grading B and C of pancreatic fistula);8 with delayed gastric emptying were cured by gastrointestinal decompression and gastric motility promoting treatment;3 with intra-abdominal infection were improved by enhanced antibiotic therapy and transabdominal percutaneous drainage;2 with postoperative bleeding were improved by conservative treatment;2 with wound infection were c ured by conservative treatment;1 with biliary fistula was improved by transabdominal percutaneous drainage;there was no perioperative death.There was no statistically significant difference in the cases with postoperative complications between groups (x2 =1.546,P＞ 0.05).Duration of hospital stay in the LPD and OPD groups was (13.6±2.1)days and (19.3 ±4.4)days,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (t =-4.354,P＜0.05).(3) Postoperative pathological situations:R0 resection rate was respectively 100.0％ (47/47) and 98.4％ (60/61) in the LPD and OPD groups,with no statistically significant difference (x2 =0,P＞0.05),and there was 1 patient with R1 resection in the OPD group.The total number of lymph node dissected in the LPD and OPD groups was respectively 19±4 and 13±4,with a statistically significant difference (t=-4.126,P＜0.05).The cases with high-and moderate-differentiated tumor and low-differentiated tumor (tumor differentiation),staging T1-T2 and T3-T4 (T stage),staging N0 and N1 (N stage),staging Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ (TNM staging) and nerve or vascular invasion were respectively 35,12,28,19,20,27,16,31,21 in the LPD group and 50,11,36,25,36,25,14,47,32 in the OPD group,with no statistically significant difference (x2=0.891,0.003,2.882,1.628,0.643,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up and survival situations:44 and 55 patients in the LPD and OPD group respectively underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy during the follow-up,with no statistically significant difference (x2=0,P＞0.05).The postoperative 1-year follow-up:47 patients in the LPD group were followed up,37 survived and 10 died;of 61 patients in the OPD group,3 lost to follow-up,and 58 were followed up (43 survived and 15 died);there was no statistically significant difference in survival between groups (x2=0.301,P＞0.05).The postoperative 3-year follow-up:of 47 patients in the LPD group,3 lost to follow-up,and 44 were followed up (21 survived and 23 died);of 61 patients in the OPD group,6 lost to follow-up,and 55 were followed up (23 survived and 32 died);there was no statistically significant difference in survival between groups (x2 =0.346,P＞0.05).Conclusion LPD is safe and feasible for pancreatic head cancer,with advantages of less bleeding,shorter duration of hospital stay and more total number of lymph node dissected,and its survival effect is equivalent to that of OPD.

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a report of 233 cases by a single team / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To summary the experience of 233 cases of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) performed by a single surgical team.@*Methods@#Data of patients undergoing LPD from September 2012 to October 2016 were reviewed. There were 145 males and 88 females with the mean age of(60.3±13.0)years old, ranging from 19 to 92 years old, and the mean body mass index of (22.8±3.5)kg/m2, ranging from 16.3 to 36.8 kg/m2. There were 195 patients with clinical manifestation and 54 patients who had the history of abdominal surgery.@*Results@#LPD were performed on 233 patients by same surgical team consecutively. The mean operative time was(368.0±57.4)minutes. Mean blood loss was(203.8±138.6)ml. The postoperative morbidity rate was 33.5%, with 6.9% of grade B or C pancreatic fistula and 9.9% of bleeding. The reoperation rate was 5.6%. The mortality during 30 days after operation was 0.9%. Mean postoperative hospital stay was (18.1±11.2)days. Mean tumor size was (3.9±2.4)cm, and the mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 21.3±11.9.One hundred and sixty-three patients were diagnosed as malignant tumor, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma(n=84), cholangiocarcinoma(n=17), ampullary adenocarcinoma(n=55), duodenal adenocarcinoma(n=5), gastric cancer(n=1)and duel cancer (n=1) located in distal stomach and duodenum.@*Conclusion@#The key point to make laparoscopic pancreaticduodenectomy a routine safe procedure is to operate the procedure under skilled hands in selected patients via suitable surgical approaches.

Short-term follow-up of valve-sparing aortic root replacement in Marfan syndrome / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the short-term follow-up of valve-sparing aortic root replacement in Marfan syndrome. Methods 54 patients, 38 males and 16 females;aged(20-50) years, mean(31. 26 ± 7. 80) years old. They were all diag-nosed with Marfan syndrome according to the criteria of Ghent in 1996. Preoperative ultrasound showed 5 cases with trace aortic valve regurgitation, a small amount of reflux in 12 cases, 22 cases in the middle amount of regurgitation, 15 cases with a large number of reflux. According to the surgery program it was devided into 2 groups, Bentall group(35 cases, Bentall surgery) and David group(19 cases, David surgery). Follow-up 12 months to 48 months, to compare the differences of the efficacy of differ-ent surgical options,before and after surgery. Results 2 cases died after operation, one patient in group bentall died of uncon-trollable bleeding and the other in group David died of pulmonary infection, multiple organ failure, and the remaining 52 cases recoveredwell.GroupbentallwhichCPB(141.09±15.483)min,aorticocclusion(93.82±15.06)min. GroupDavid,CPB (186.32 ±23.96)min, aortic occlusion(140.21 ±22.13) min. There are significant differences in postoperative EF value, left ventricular diameter and postoperative left ventricular systolic volume ( ESV ) , postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume(EDV), FS improvement with preoperative data(P<0. 05), and there were no significant differences(P>0. 05) be-tween the two groups. The early postoperative complications were no significant difference between the tuo groups, bue the late complications in group bentall was significantly higher than groups David. Patients were followed up for 12 months to 48 months, one patient in David group underwent aortic valve replacement surgery because of severe aortic regurgitation. One case ( abdominal aorta) in group Bentall underwent surgery due to recurrent dissection and 6 cases with bleeding, embolic complica-tions because of warfarin. Conclusion Valve sparing root replacement has provided satisfactory short-term outcomes for Marfan syndrome.

Clinical Outcomes of 103 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgeries for Left-Sided Colon and Rectal Cancer: Single Institutional Review

PURPOSE: The laparoscopic colectomy is avoided principally because of its technical difficulty, steep learning curve, and increased operative time. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is an alternative technique that addresses these problems while preserving the short-term benefits of a laparoscopic colectomy. Our study was aimed to describe the characteristics of patients admitted due to left-sided colon and rectal cancer for HALS. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients who underwent HALS at the Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, from July 1, 2009, to October 1, 2012. RESULTS: One hundred-three HALS colorectal resections were performed. The patients' mean age was 64 +/- 13.4 years. There were 46 male and 57 female patients. The body mass index was 27.3 +/- 5.8 kg/m2. Forty-three patients (41.8%) had experienced prior abdominal surgery. The mean HALS time was 105 minutes (range, 55-85 minutes). The conversion rate was 2.7% (3/103). The median of return of gastrointestinal function was 2.5 days (range, 2.2-4.5 days). The median length of hospital stay was 9 days. The postoperative complication and mortality rates were 10.7% and 0.97%, respectively. Four incisional hernias (3.9%) were seen at a mean follow-up of 7.0 +/- 3.4 months. None of the patients had a trocar or a hand-port site recurrence. CONCLUSION: A HALS colorectal resection is a safe and effective technique, and it provides all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.