La preparación especial de fuerza rápida en balistas con discapacidad físico-motriz por amputación

En el Campeonato Nacional de Paratletismo, en Cuba, los resultados competitivos de las balistas con discapacidad físico-motriz por amputación muestran un decrecimiento, en varias categorías. Se detectaron insuficiencias en la dosificación de las cargas, en la utilización de métodos, medios y procedimientos; además de una inadecuada orientación metodológica. Se trazó como objetivo diseñar una metodología para la planificación de la capacidad fuerza rápida en la etapa de preparación especial de balistas con discapacidad físico-motriz por amputación. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva y cuantitativa en el periodo comprendido entre el 2019-2022, el estudio se centró en el proceso de planificación y entrenamiento de la fuerza rápida en la etapa de preparación especial analizado y descrito, a través de métodos empíricos como la revisión de documentos, encuesta, entrevista y la triangulación metodológica, ello permitió evaluar su estado actual. Colaboraron como muestra atletas, entrenadores y directivos de nivel provincial y nacional. La metodología propuesta es viable y factible, con una efectividad esperada para el contexto deportivo actual y con posibilidades de generalización en otros eventos de lanzamiento. La propuesta diseñada enriquece la teoría del entrenamiento deportivo en atletas con discapacidad.

Nos Campeonatos Nacionais de Paratletismo em Cuba, os resultados competitivos dos balistas com deficiências físico-motoras por amputação mostram uma diminuição em várias categorias. Foram detectadas insuficiências na dosagem de cargas, no uso de métodos, meios e procedimentos, bem como uma orientação metodológica inadequada. O objetivo foi elaborar uma metodologia para o planejamento da capacidade de força rápida na fase de preparação especial de balistas com deficiência físico-motora decorrente de amputação. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa no período entre 2019-2022, o estudo focou no processo de planejamento e treinamento da força rápida na fase de preparação especial analisada e descrita, por meio de métodos empíricos como revisão de documentos, pesquisa, entrevista e triangulação metodológica, o que permitiu avaliar seu estado atual. Atletas, técnicos e gerentes em nível provincial e nacional colaboraram como amostra. A metodologia proposta é viável e factível, com uma eficácia esperada para o contexto esportivo atual e com possibilidades de generalização em outros eventos de arremesso. A proposta elaborada enriquece a teoria do treinamento esportivo em atletas com deficiências.

In the National Para-Athletics Championship in Cuba, the competitive results of shot put athletes with physical-motor disabilities due to amputation show a decrease in several categories. Deficiencies were detected in the dosage of loads, in the use of methods, means and procedures; in addition to inadequate methodological guidance. The objective was to design a methodology for planning rapid strength capacity in the special preparation stage of shot put athletes with physical - motor disabilities due to amputation. A descriptive and quantitative research was carried out in the period between 2019-2022, the study focused on the planning and training process of rapid strength in the special preparation stage analyzed and described, through empirical methods such as the review of documents, survey, interview and methodological triangulation made it possible to evaluate its current state. Athletes, coaches and managers from provincial and national levels collaborated as a sample. The proposed methodology is viable and feasible, with expected effectiveness for the current sporting context and with possibilities of generalization in other throwing events. The designed proposal enriches the theory of sports training in athletes with disabilities.

Leprosy Skin Lesion Detection: An AI Approach Using Few Shot Learning in a Small Clinical Dataset

This is an exploratory research study to check if artificial intelligence (AI) based image marker tool can aid leprosy screening to detect leprosy cases early in field situation and reduce the financial and personnel burden. We aimed to collect clinical leprosy skin lesion images and develop an AI model to identify and differentiate them. A total of 368 clinically diagnosed leprosy and 28 non-leprosy skin lesions were collected by an expert leprologist from 151 eligible patients using a multimodal imaging protocol. A Siamese-based Few Shot Learning (FSL) model was trained as it is a meta learning approach on an extremely small data set with fewer disease classes (disease conditions as categories). The number of class labels were increased by fine-grained grouping of skin lesions based on skin morphology (Nine leprosy subgroups) and further divided into train-set and test-set. An AI model was successfully developed, and the results indicated an accuracy of 91.25% and 73.12% on train-set and test-set for two-way one-shot task, respectively. The best sensitivity-specificity for the test-set were 72.39%-73.66% (two-way one-shot task). This early research data indicates that the development of AI based leprosy screening application is feasible using the skin lesion image as marker. The FSL method was successfully used in this training the small data set. However, this is a small sample size study, and more leprosy cases need to be enrolled along with an equal number of non- leprosy cases while improving model architecture to reduce overfit or bias problem. Moreover, as of now this tool cannot be used for neural leprosy (having no skin lesion) as well as lepromatous leprosy having diffuse infiltration. This tool will need further development and validation on pictures taken by different categories of common health care workers using available mobile phones.

Endoscopic dilation guided by two guidewires: a novel method in establishing channels in percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To explore the safety and efficacy of a novel endoscopic two-wire guided dilation in the creation of channels in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). 【Methods】 Clinical records of 180 patients undergoing PCNL during Oct.2020 and Oct.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, 60 in AMD group (fascial amplatz dilation), 60 in OSD group (one shot dilation) and 60 in END group (endoscopic dilation). Time to establish channels, operating time, failure of access, stone clearance rate, drop in hemoglobin, embolization rate, fever rate, blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospitalization were compared among the three groups. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the general data among the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with AMD and OSD groups, END group needed significantly reduced time to establish the first channel [(5.6±0.8) min vs. (4.9±1.4) min vs. (4.2±0.5) min, (P<0.05)] . Compared with OSD group, END and AMD groups had significantly more hemoglobin drop [(14.0±17.6) g/L vs. (19.4±12.6) g/L vs. (10.2±6.8) g/L, (P<0.05)] . There were no significant differences in terms of failure of establishing channels, operating time, stone clearance rate, embolization rate, fever rate, blood transfusion rate and postoperative hospitality. Four patients needed selective renal artery embolization (1 case in AMD group and 3 in OSD group). No serious complications such as organ injuries, septic shock or death occurred. 【Conclusion】 Endoscopic two-wire guided dilation is simple, with few complications and good application value.

A meta-learning based method for segmentation of few-shot magnetic resonance images / 生物医学工程学杂志

When applying deep learning algorithms to magnetic resonance (MR) image segmentation, a large number of annotated images are required as data support. However, the specificity of MR images makes it difficult and costly to acquire large amounts of annotated image data. To reduce the dependence of MR image segmentation on a large amount of annotated data, this paper proposes a meta-learning U-shaped network (Meta-UNet) for few-shot MR image segmentation. Meta-UNet can use a small amount of annotated image data to complete the task of MR image segmentation and obtain good segmentation results. Meta-UNet improves U-Net by introducing dilated convolution, which can increase the receptive field of the model to improve the sensitivity to targets of different scales. We introduce the attention mechanism to improve the adaptability of the model to different scales. We introduce the meta-learning mechanism, and employ a composite loss function for well-supervised and effective bootstrapping of model training. We use the proposed Meta-UNet model to train on different segmentation tasks, and then use the trained model to evaluate on a new segmentation task, where the Meta-UNet model achieves high-precision segmentation of target images. Meta-UNet has a certain improvement in mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) compared with voxel morph network (VoxelMorph), data augmentation using learned transformations (DataAug) and label transfer network (LT-Net). Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively perform MR image segmentation using a small number of samples. It provides a reliable aid for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Automated Classification of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Few-shot Learning / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a few-shot learning (FSL) approach for classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in patients with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs).@*METHODS@#In this study, an FSL model based on a student-teacher learning framework was designed to classify images. 2,317 images from 189 participants were included. Of these, 1,126 images revealed IRDs, 533 were normal samples, and 658 were control samples.@*RESULTS@#The FSL model achieved a total accuracy of 0.974-0.983, total sensitivity of 0.934-0.957, total specificity of 0.984-0.990, and total F1 score of 0.935-0.957, which were superior to the total accuracy of the baseline model of 0.943-0.954, total sensitivity of 0.866-0.886, total specificity of 0.962-0.971, and total F1 score of 0.859-0.885. The performance of most subclassifications also exhibited advantages. Moreover, the FSL model had a higher area under curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in most subclassifications.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates the effective use of the FSL model for the classification of OCT images from patients with IRDs, normal, and control participants with a smaller volume of data. The general principle and similar network architectures can also be applied to other retinal diseases with a low prevalence.

Multiple Brain Abscesses by an Air Gun Shot: A Case Report

Introduction Low-velocity penetrating brain injury is not prevalent. In some conditions such as childhood, and with the penetration of a pellet in weak spots of skull, low-velocity penetrating brain injury is expected; however, high-velocity projectiles have also been reported as the cause of severe brain injuries. One of the complications of penetrating brain injury is infection, in which different types ofmicroorganisms play a role. The Streptococcus genus is the leading cause of abscess formation in nontraumatic patients. Multiple brain abscesses are not common. Case Presentation A 10-year-old boy with penetrating brain injury caused by an air gun pellet, who developed signs and symptoms of high intracranial pressure 18 days after the trauma. After the imaging scans and the detection of multiple brain abscesses and severe brain edema, prompt surgical intervention was performed for all three lesions in a single operation. The culture of a pus specimen was positive for Streptococcus species, and, with adequate antibiotic therapy, the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Conclusion Brain injurywith air gun shot is not prevalent. The penetration of a low-velocity air gun pellet in weak points of the skull (such as the orbit, the squamous portion of the temporal bone, and the cranial suture), specially in children, can cause significant brain injuries.

Differences in situational power performance between playing positions in top level handball / Diferenças na performance entre distintas posições no handebol, no desempenho de potência situacional / Las diferencias en el rendimiento de la potencia situacional entre posiciones de juego en el balonmano de alto nivel

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the differences in situational power performance between playing positions in handball. The following variables were analyzed: body height and weight, fastest shot, fastest sprint, highest jump, and average game time. The study sample comprised 412 handball players who participated at European championships. Backcourt players had the fastest shots and wing players presented the slowest shots among all playing positions. Wing players presented the fastest sprinting (29.09 km/h). Jumping performance showed the most diversity between the playing positions, and backcourt players jumped significantly higher than other players (16.76 cm).

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar diferenças na performance entre diversas posições no handebol em potência situacional. As variáveis incluem; estatura, massa corporal; o remate mais rápido, o sprint mais rápido, o salto mais alto, e o tempo médio de jogo. Os jogadores que ocupam as posições de armador possuem os remates mais rápidos e as pontas por sua vez possuem os remates mais lentos. Os sprints mais rápidos foram registados na posição dos pontas. A performance no salto foi a variável que mostrou mais diversidade entre as posições - os armadores saltam significamente mais alto do que as restantes posições.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las diferencias de la potencia situacional entre las posiciones de juego en el balonmano. Variables incluidas: altura y peso corporal, disparo más rápido, esprint más rápido, salto más alto y tiempo promedio en el juego. Los jugadores laterales tienen disparos más rápidos mientras extremos más lentos entre todas las posiciones de juego. La velocidad más rápida se registró para las posiciones extremos. El rendimiento de salto mostró la mayor diversidad entre las posiciones de juego: los jugadores laterales saltan significativamente más alto que los jugadores de otras posiciones.

Research Progress on Touch DNA on Cartridge Cases in Forensic Field / 法医学杂志

Cartridge cases are crucial physical evidence in gun-related crimes. The successful identification of the touch DNA on cartridge cases can help to screen the suspects and reconstruct the gun-related crime scene. With the improvement of DNA extraction methods and the sensitivity of amplification kit, forensic examiners are expected to obtain more valuable information by testing the touch DNA on cartridge cases. In practical cases, the touch DNA detection on cartridge cases often encounters with low DNA content degradation, mixing and the gunshot residual interference, which brings more challenges to DNA examination and identification. This article reviews forensic research of touch DNA on the cartridge cases from the aspects of factors affecting touch DNA on cartridge cases, advances in the extraction and amplification methods, and the practical applications in order to provide reference for forensic identification of touch DNA on the cartridge cases in real cases.

Comparison of Rotational Techniques between Chinese and World Elite Men’s Shot Put Athletes / 医用生物力学

Objective To compare rotational techniques used by Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes, so as to provide scientific references for Chinese male shot putters to improve their sports performance and results in international competitions. Methods Three-dimensional (3D) kinematics data from Chinese male shot putters in actual competitions were obtained, and kinematic parameters of Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes were calculated and compared. Namely, shot velocities and hip-shoulder separation angles at five critical instants of rotational techniques: right foot off, left foot off, right foot touchdown, left foot touchdown and release, as well as phase durations and shot travel distances during four critical phases: first single support, air-born flight, second single support and final delivery. ResultsCompared with world elite athletes, Chinese male shot putters using rotational techniques had significantly lower vertical release velocity, longer air-borne duration, smaller hip-shoulder separation angles at left foot off and touchdown instant, and longer shot travel distance during air-borne flight, but shorter shot travel distance during final shot delivery. Conclusions The difference in lower extremity strength is a primary casue leading to different sports performance between Chinese and world elite male shot putters. The technique differences in Chinese and world elite male shot putters mainly lie in different phase timing and shot travel distances during different techinique phases.

Análisis electromiográfico de la actividad muscular de tronco durante el lanzamiento de bala paralímpico / Electromyographic analysis of trunk muscle activity during the Paralympic shot put / Análise electromiográfica da actividade muscular do tronco durante o lançamento de balas paraolímpicas

RESUMEN La estabilidad de la pelvis y el tronco, dada por la actividad de los músculos de la región, representa un factor importante para la correcta ejecución de la técnica deportiva y la prevención de lesiones en lanzadores paralímpicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar a través de electromiografía de superficie, la actividad muscular del recto abdominal, oblicuo externo del abdomen y erector de la columna, vientres longuísimo e iliocostal, durante el lanzamiento de bala desde silla, en 4 atletas paralímpicos (2 con lesión en miembros inferiores y 2 con lesión medular). La electromiografía evidenció variaciones en los patrones de activación, el tiempo de ejecución y la amplitud de la señal, acorde a la condición de discapacidad y el grado de afectación del tronco. Esto permitió tener un panorama más real de las acciones musculares durante el gesto deportivo y la detección de opciones de mejora para los deportistas.

ABSTRACT The stability of the pelvis and trunk, given by the activity of the muscles in the region, represents an important factor for the correct execution of the sports technique and the prevention of injuries in Paralympic throwers. The objective of this study was to analyze, through surface electromyography the muscular activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique of the abdomen and erector spinae, longuissimus and iliocostal bellies, during the shot put from a chair; in 4 Paralympic athletes (2 with lower limb injury and 2 with spinal cord injury). Electromyography showed variations in activation patterns, execution time and amplitude of the signal, according to the disability condition and the degree of trunk involvement. This allowed to have a more realistic panorama of the muscular actions during the sport gesture and the detection of improvement options for the athletes.

RESUMO A estabilidade da pélvis e do tronco, dada pela actividade dos músculos da região, representa um factor importante para a correcta execução da técnica desportiva e a prevenção de lesões nos lançadores paraolímpicos. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar; através da electromiografía de superfície, a actividade muscular do recto abdominal, oblíquo externo do abdómen e erector da coluna vertebral, barriga muito comprida e iliocostal, durante o tiroteio em 4 atletas paraolímpicos (2 com lesão nos membros inferiores e 2 com lesão na medula espinal). A electromiografía mostrou variações nos padrões de activação, tempo de execução e amplitude do sinal, de acordo com a condição de incapacidade e o grau de envolvimento do tronco. Isto permitiu-nos ter uma imagem mais real das acções musculares durante o gesto desportivo e a detecção de opções de melhoria para os atletas.

Single Shot Paravertebral Block - A Novel Approach for Post-Operative Analgesia in Breast Surgeries

Advancements in diagnostic sciences have led to increased frequency in detection of cases of breast cancer. After confirmation, majority of these patients undergo definitive surgeries commonly Modified Radical Mastectomy or Lumpectomy under general anaesthesia. In addition to inadequate pain control there is increased incidence of nausea and vomiting during first 24 hrs. of the post-operative period with GA. Parenteral narcotic used routinely in postoperative period further increases nausea and vomiting. The large number of patients hospitalized annually for breast cancer surgeries results in heavy costs and long hospital stays. Regional anaesthesia using prep-incisional paravertebral block (PVB) maybe an ideal alternative to GA alone for breast cancer surgery. Benefits include prolonged postoperative pain relief, reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting and has potential for early discharge. It results in unilateral sensory, motor and sympathetic blockade with additional advantages of lower side effect profile, early mobilization and fewer contraindications. We wanted to study the efficacy of paravertebral block for postoperative pain relief in breast surgeries. METHODSA prospective, randomized, comparative study involving 60 adult female patients posted for Ca breast surgery was conducted. One group received pre-incisional PVB with GA (group A) and another received GA alone (group B). The efficacy of analgesia and PONV were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale and Numeric Rating Score respectively at T1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. Fentanyl 2 mic / Kg as rescue analgesic and ondansetron 0.1 mg / Kg as antiemetic were given at VAS >/= 4 and NRS >/= 2. Total opioid and antiemetic consumption was noted. RESULTSTotal VAS and NRS scores of Group A was significantly lower than Group B. Also significantly reduced consumption of analgesic and antiemetic was observed in Group A. ∑VASA = (3.37 + 2.76) while ∑ VASB = (19.23 + 3.32) while, Group A ∑NRS = (0.47 + 0.67) and Group B ∑NRS = (5.27 + 1.34). CONCLUSIONSPVB provides significant pain relief with decreased incidence of PONV and has the additional advantage of lesser consumption of opioids and antiemetics in the immediate postoperative period.

Anthropometric, Physical Fitness And Kinematics Analysis Of The Jump Shot Of Female Handball Players - A Case Study Of The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Background: This study was designed in two poles, 1st to examine the kinematic parameters of the handball jump shot and 2nd to compare the anthropometric, and physical fitness of novice and skilled female handball players of the university level. Methods: This study design was cross-sectional, and a purposive sampling method was adopted for selecting the participants. The sample consisted of (n = 20) novice, and (n = 20) university female handball players. The selected variables were standing broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, 30-m dash, agility, stride length, stature, body mass, arm length, upper arm girth, leg length, chest girth, waist girth, hip girth, thigh girth, calf girth, hand length, handbreadth and shoulder breadth, pelvic breadth, transverse breadth, elbow and knee breadth, handgrip and arm span, left and right knee angle, left and right elbow angle. An Independent t-test was applied to examine differences between skilled and novice players in kinematics and anthropometric variables. Results: Results showed the skilled female players were significantly higher than the novice players in the following as right elbow angle at the start of movement (<. 03), left elbow angle at the start of movement (<. 00), right knee angle at the start of movements (< .03), stride length at release (< .01), 30-meter dash (< .04), handgrip strength(< .02), agility (< .03), forearm girth (< .03), thigh girth (< . 03) and arm span (< .04). Conclusion: It was concluded the higher angle of elbows, right knee along with more prolonged stride increase the movement capacity of skilled female handball player while attempting the jump shots than novice female players. On the other hand, the anthropometric and fitness measures as arm span, thigh girth, running speed, handgrip strength, and agility increase the performance of skilled players than the novice. The female handball coaches may enhance the performance of novice players by focusing on the specific training of extension and flexion of elbows and stride movement as well as enhancing the physical fitness of female handball players. Future studies would focus on the training of handball players to increase the jump shot performance of players.

Prevalence Of Multidirectional Shoulder Instability In Shot Put Throwers

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out whether there was any shoulder instability prevailing in the shot put throwers due to the rotational activities achieved in the respective sport. Methods: A total of 76 shot put throwers were recruited for the study. The multidirectional instability of the shoulder joint was tested by performing special tests. Results: The study revealed that out of 76 shot put throwers, 49 individuals were found to be having shoulder instability, and 27 individuals were not having shoulder instability. This was confirmed by using a special test like the Sulcus sign and Rowe test followed by statistical analysis. The individuals diagnosed with multidirectional instability showed Sulcus sign and Rowe test positive, of which 30 individuals showed both the test positive and 19 individuals showed only Rowe test positive. Conclusion: About 64.47% of individuals were diagnosed with multidirectional instability in the shot put throwers while the rest 35.52% of individuals showed no signs of instability.

Palliative head-and-neck radiotherapy with cyclical hypofractionated radiotherapy (Quad Shot): A single-institutional experience

Background: This study aims to report on our institutional experience of palliative radiotherapy (RT) in the locally advanced head and neck by cyclical hypofractionated RT (Quad Shot) which is a short-course palliative regimen with good patient compliance, low rates of acute toxicity, and good response rates. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to review the use of the Quad Shot technique at our institution to quantify the palliative response in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. Materials and Methods: Between April 2017 and July 2019, 45 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head-and-neck region at the Department of Radiotherapy, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, which were deemed to be fit for palliative RT by departmental tumor board were given cyclical hypofractionated palliative RT as 14 Gy in four fractions over 2 days, twice daily, repeated every 4 weeks for a maximum of 3 cycles. Retrospective assessment was done for improvement in pain and dysphagia and also response to treatment. Results: Pain response occurred in 66.7% of the patients. The mean pain scores decreased significantly from pre- to post-treatment, 47.4 to 21.5 (P < 0.0001). The mean initial dysphagia score improved from 21.9 to 38.2 (P = 0.0002). About 60% of patients developed mucositis (≤ Grade 2), while no Grade 3 mucositis was reported. A total of 30 patients had partial response (66.67%) and 6 patients had stable disease. However, a total of nine patients had progressive disease which included those patients that were given fewer courses of Quad Shot. Conclusion: In locally advanced head-and-neck cancer patients particularly with poor performance status or elderly patients who are in dire need of some form of local therapy for symptom control and palliation, the hypofractionated palliative RT regimen (Quad Shot) offers an effective and quick treatment option which is beneficial both clinically and in logistics issue.

Equitação no Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo sobre a configuração da vertente rural / Equestrian sport in Rio Grande do Sul: a study on the configuration of the rural dimension

A pesquisa trata de compreender o desenvolvimento da vertente rural da equitação no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) no período do século XX. A investigação ocorreu por meio da coleta em fontes, tais como documentos oficiais das associações hípicas e em jornais e revistas que circulavam a partir da metade do século XIX. As informações coletadas foram interpretadas por meio da técnica de análise documental. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que, a partir do trabalho campeiro e rural no RS, são estabelecidas relações de interdependência com o fenômeno esportivo, as manifestações culturais e o mercado. Ao abordar uma das técnicas de trabalho rural, a prática do tiro de laço, bem como o seu deslocamento do campo para a cidade, tem-se, em um primeiro momento, o Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho, valorizando-a enquanto uma manifestação cultural típica do estado. Em seguida, a organização da Federação Gaúcha de Laço, com a intenção de direcionar a prática do tiro de laço para uma disposição esportiva e de caráter profissional. Identifica-se que o elemento central na configuração estabelecida entre trabalho campeiro, cultura e esporte, no cenário da prática do tiro de laço, é representado pelo cavalo daraça crioula. De tal modo, emergem as competições do denominado Crioulaço, o qual parece contribuirpara a legitimação do cavalo crioulo enquanto elemento-chave no arranjo configuracional do tiro de laço. Um processo de esportivização pode, ainda, ser identificado nas práticas equestres que compõem o Prêmio Freio de Ouro. Evidenciou-se que tais práticas possuem seus primórdios associados à lida campeira e, em um primeiro momento, apresentam finalidades mais próximas de uma noção de entretenimento, passando a manifestar elementos de esportivização em meados da década de 1950....(AU)

The research tries to understand the development of the rural dimension of equestrian sport in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in the period of the twentieth century. The investigation took place through the collection in sources such as official documents of equestrian associations, and printed sources, such as newspapers and magazines that circulated from the middle of the 19th century. The information collected was interpreted through the technique of documentary analysis. The results of the research showed that, based on the rural work in the RS, relationships of interdependence with the sport phenomenon, the cultural manifestations and the market. When approaching one of the techniques of rural work, the practice of shot of lasso with horse, as well as its displacement from the countryside to the city, the Gaucho Tradition Movement, has first valued it as a typical cultural manifestation of the state. Subsequently, the organization of the Gaucho Federation of Lasso, with the intention of directing the practice of shot of lasso with horse for a sporting and professional disposition. It is identified that the central element in the established configuration between rural work, culture and sport, in the scenario of the practice of shot of lasso with horse, is represented by the horse of the Creole race. In this way, the competitions of the so-called Creole Lasso emerge, which seems to contribute to the legitimation of the Creole horse as a key element in the configuration arrangement of shot of lasso. A process of sportization an also be identified in the equestrian practices that make up the Golden Bridle Award. It has been shown that such practices have their beginnings associated with the rural work, at first, present purposes closer to a notion of entertainment, beginning to manifest elements of sportsmanship in the mid-1950s....(AU)

Pulse Sequence Single Shot Fast Spin Echo for Reducing Motion Artefact on MRI of the Brain

Abstract@# This research was motivated by the increase of brain MRI examinations in emergency medicine. In an emergency, patients are often uncooperative, and they raise motion artefact on the image. Therefore, fast scanning techniques such as pulse Sequence Single Shot Fast Spin Echo (SS-FSE) is required to reduce the artefact. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using SS-FSE technique to minimize motion artefact. Methods: This study was an observational analytic with prospective methods. Scanning was conducted to 16 normal patients (volunteers). Two neuro radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed all images. Observations used standard diagnostic of brain MR Image by evaluating the anatomical and morphological structure. Results: Based on the results of the analysis of each organ that was assessed, it was obtained that the average of the image for overall organs on the brain; 76% looks sharp, 21% looks moderate (minimum blurred), and 3% looks blurred. Conclusion: SS-FSE technique affects reducing motion artefact due to object movement in MRI brain. The overall image SS-FSE produced has good image quality.

Two-shot compressed sensing techniques accelerate cardiac cine sequence acquisition and quantitative evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To perform cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination with 2-shot compressed sensing (CS) cardiac cine imaging (cine) technique, so as to obtain high-quality images that can quickly and accurately assess cardiac function and are closer to the standard cine sequence. Methods The patients, who underwent CMR examination in Department of Radiology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from Jul. to Sep. 2018, were continuously enrolled. All enrolled patients received the standard cine sequence, single-shot (ss) CS cine sequence and 2-shot CS cine sequence image acquisition. Quantitative analyses of image quality and cardiac function were performed on each cine image acquired from different sequences. Results Twenty-two patients completed the three types of cine sequences. The average acquisition time of standard cine sequence, ss CS cine sequence and 2-shot CS cine sequence was (102.50±18.55), (20.50±3.71) and (30.75±5.57) s, respectively. The median total image quality scores of the standard, ss CS and 2-shot CS cine sequences were 4, 3 and 4, respectively. There was significant difference in the total quality scores between the standard cine sequence and the ss CS cine sequence (Z=-2.828, P=0.005), while there was no significant difference between the standard cine sequence and the 2-shot CS cine sequence (Z=-1.000, P=0.317). In the quantitative study of cardiac function parameters, left ventricular myocardial mass was significantly different between the standard cine sequence and the ss CS cine sequence (100.25 [47.30-136.02] g vs 101.25 [48.30-135.30] g, Z=-2.484, P=0.013), but there were no significant differences in the other parameters. There were no significant differences in the cardiac function parameters between the standard cine sequence and the 2-shot cine sequence. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there were good correlations in the cardiac function parameters between the standard cine and the ss CS cine, and the standard cine and the 2-shot CS cine (all P<0.01). Conclusion The acquisition time of 2-shot CS cine and ss CS cine sequences is significantly shorter than that of standard cine sequence. However, 2-shot CS cine sequence can obtain images closer to the images obatined by standard cine sequence, which can be use d to accurately evaluate the cardiac function.

Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients of the Brain in Healthy Controls: A Comparison Study between Single-Shot Echo-Planar Imaging and Read-out-Segmented Echo-Planar Imaging

OBJECTIVE: To compare apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of brain segments by using two diffusion-weighted imaging acquisition modes, single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) and read-out-segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI), and to assess their correlation and agreement in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2-weighted (T2W) images, rs-EPI, and ss-EPI of 30 healthy subjects were acquired using a 3T magnetic resonance scanner. The T2W images were co-registered to the rs-EPI and ss-EPI, which were then segmented into the gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to generate masking templates. ADC maps of rs-EPI and ss-EPI were also segmented into the GM, WM, and CSF by using the generated templates. ADCs of rs-EPI and ss-EPI were compared using Student's t tests and correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between acquisitions.

Reemergence of mumps in São Paulo, Brazil - the urgent need for booster shot campaign to prevent a serious infectious disease

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Neglected infectious diseases like mumps may be opportunistic in controlled areas with low vaccine coverage, particularly in developed and emerging countries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of mumps-related data from 2001 to 2016 for São Paulo State, Brazil was conducted. RESULTS: From 2014 to 2015, there was an increase of 82% in reported mumps cases in São Paulo, with prevalence of n=49 and 297, respectively in young adults aged 15-29 years. CONCLUSIONS: A booster-shot campaign on MMR vaccination is recommended to prevent the spread of mumps in unvaccinated children and recipients of only the first dose.

Clinical study of treatment of bronchial asthma by the combination of salicyloxanine tonga decoction combined with dosobromine / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the effect of combined treatment of the combined treatment of bronchial asthma with the combined treatment of dried ephedrine and doxyline. Methods According to the regimen, divide 84 patients with bronchial asthma for two groups, 39 cases with doxofylline treatment of western medicine group, 45 cases in doxofylline treatment at the same time correlation dry ephedra soup for application for group of Chinese and western, compared two groups of curative effect. Results After treatment, the group of Chinese and western of TCM symptom score was significantly lower than western medicine group, the group of Chinese and western PEF, FEV1, ESO improved significantly compared with western medicine group is superior, and the Chinese and western group total effective rate is 95.56 %, contrast to 76.92 % of the western medicine group was significantly higher, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). on the side of adverse reactions, the two groups showed no significant differences. Conclusion For patients with bronchial asthma, to doxofylline the treatment of at the same time, the correlation of dry ephedra soup for application can promote the ascension of curative effect, make the patients' lung function, inflammatory symptoms improved significantly, and will not increase adverse reactions.