Sealing effect of GuttaFlow2 in curved root canals / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To evaluate the sealing ability of GuttaFlow2 single cone obturation in curved root canals.Methods:(1)Slight,moderate and severe curved 3D printed root canals were made.After instrumentation,these samples were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=10)according to different root canal filling techniques:GuttaFlow2 single cone group(GF2)and AH-Plus warm vertical compation group(WVC).All the samples were sectioned at 2 mm to apex(the apical of the root),4 mm,6 mm to apex(the middle of the root)and 8 mm to apex(the coronal of the root).The filling void areas were ob-served by stereomicroscope,and the percentages of void areas in each section were calculated by ImageJ 1.52a.(2)Forty-eight roots of extracted adult molars were selected.After instrumentation,they were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8):GF2 group and WVC group.Before root canal filling,the sea-lers were mixed with Rhodamine B dye for visualization under confocal laser scanning microscope.All samples were sectioned at 2 mm to apex(the apical of the root),5 mm to apex(the middle of the root)and 8 mm to apex(the coronal of the root).Then,the percentages of sealer penetration into dentinal tu-bules in each section were calculated.Results:At the apical of the root,there were no obvious voids in slight,moderate and severe curved canals in the GF2 group and the WVC group.There was no signifi-cant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the middle of the root,there was no significant difference in the percentages of void areas between the two filling methods,but at the coronal of the root,there were more voids in the slight curved root canal in the GF2 group than in the WVC group,and the difference was significant(P=0.009).The percentages of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of slight,moderate and severe curved root canals in the GF2 group were 36.10％,55.80％,65.08％,re-spectively.And they were all higher than those in the WVC group(15.78％,20.70％,15.61％),re-spectively,the difference between the two groups was significant(P=0.001).At the middle of the root,the percentages of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of slight and moderate curved root canals in GF2 group were also significantly higher than those in the WVC group(P=0.001).At the coronal of the root,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Gutta-Flow2 filling technique has the same sealing effect on the root canal at the apical and middle of the root as the warm vertical technique,but has a better sealing effect on the dentin tubules,especially for severe curved root canal.

Influence of thermal effect on filling effect of bioceramic paste in different parts of root canal / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To study the effect of thermal effect on the filling effect of bioceramic paste combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation method in different parts of root canal.Methods:Forty single-root canal teeth samples were randomly and randomized divided into the control group, the iRoot SP group, the 10 s group and the 20 s group. All tooth samples were root canal prepared to 0.04 taper after crown removal. The control group received AH-plus paste combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation. The iRoot SP group received iRoot SP single-point filling. The 10 s group and 20 s group received iRoot SP single-point filling combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation, in which the root canal of the two groups were heated at 180 °C for 10 s and 20 s, respectively, before using the thermosetting gutta-percha. Methylene blue staining, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and dental microscope observation were used to analyze the occurrence of gaps in the middle and upper segment of the root canal and the apical 1/3 of the root canal after filling.Results:For the filling in the apical 1/3 of the root canal, no obvious gap appeared in the 10 s group and the 20 s group, and there was no significant difference between the dye infection depth and the control group (all P>0.05). For the filling of the middle and upper segment of the root canal, the probability of porosity is higher when using iRoot SP combined with single-point filling. Conclusions:Short-term high temperature heating will not affect the sealing effect of iRoot SP on the apical 1/3 of the root canal. For the middle and upper segment of the root canal, the filling effect of iRoot SP single-point filling combined with thermal gel gutta-percha vertical obturation method is better than that of iRoot SP single-point filling.

Apical displacement and residual root canal filling with single-cone after post space preparation: a micro-ct analysis

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of residues after post space preparation (PSP) and establish whether the apical displacement of the gutta-percha was affected by the moments and methods of PSP in teeth filled by the single-cone technique. The root canals of 20 bovine incisor teeth were instrumented with Reciproc and filled with single-cone and AH Plus. The specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the moment and method of PSP (n=5): immediate with drill, immediate with thermoplasticizer, delayed with drill and delayed with thermoplasticizer. Micro-CT scans were performed before and after the PSP for residues of the root canal filling (1) and analysis of apical displacement (2). Data were analyzed by using 2-way repeated measurement ANOVA (1) and 2-way ANOVA (2) followed by the Tukey's test (a=0.05). Significance effect on the residues percentage remaining for methods (p=0.044), for moments (p=0.006), for thirds repetition (p<0.001), and for interaction between methods and thirds (p<0.001), and moments and thirds (p=0.044). Significance effect on the apical displacement of root canal filing was detected for methods (p=0.008), however no difference was found between moments (p=0.617). In general, PSP using drill resulted in more homogeneous root canal preparation, mainly when made immediately. For all other combinations between methods and moments for PSP, the middle and apical thirds presented significant higher residues remaining. Thermo method performed in both moments and the drill method performed immediately had displacement in the apical direction, representing extrusion of the root filling material.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de resíduos após o alívio do canal (AC) e verificar se o deslocamento apical da guta-percha foi afetado pelos momentos e métodos de AC em dentes obturados pela técnica do cone único. Os canais radiculares de 20 dentes incisivos bovinos foram instrumentados com Reciproc e obturados com cone único e AH Plus. As amostras foram divididas em 4 grupos de acordo com o momento e método de AC (n=5): broca imediato, termocompactador imediato, broca tardio e termocompactador tardio. Escaneamentos em micro-CT foram realizados antes e após o AC para análise dos resíduos da obturação (1) e do deslocamento apical (2). Os dados foram analisados empregando ANOVA em 2 fatores com medida repetida (1), ANOVA em dois fatores (2), seguidas do teste de Tukey (α=0,05). A porcentagem de resíduos remanescentes foi influenciada pelos métodos (p=0,044), momentos (p=0,006), pelo fator de repetição terços do canal (p<0,001), e pelas interações entre métodos e terços (p<0,001), e momentos e terços (p=0,044). Já para o deslocamento apical da obturação do canal radicular foi detectada influência significativa para os métodos (p=0,008), no entanto, nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre os momentos (p=0,617). Em geral, AC usando brocas resultou em preparo mais homogêneo dos canais radiculares, principalmente quando realizado imediatamente após a obturação. Para todas as outras combinações entre métodos e momentos de AC, o terço médio e apical apresentaram significativamente maiores resíduos remanescentes. O método termo realizado nos dois momentos e o método broca de preparo realizado imediatamente resultaram em deslocamento na direção apical, representando a extrusão do material de obturação no canal radicular.

Obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares: revisión de la literatura / Root canal system obturation: a review of the literature

Con el paso de los años, diferentes conceptos atribuidos a temáticas del área de la endodoncia sufren modificaciones. Una de estas etapas es la obturación del sistema de conductos radiculares, este procedimiento sumamente minucioso y crítico en la obtención de un resultado exitoso ha tenido en los últimos años importantes aportaciones en términos de aparición de nuevos materiales y técnicas dentro del campo de la endodoncia. La presente revisión de literatura retoma aspectos básicos que junto al más reciente conocimiento sobre obturación endodóncica permitirán al practicante de la endodoncia enfatizar aspectos de la última etapa operatoria del tratamiento de conductos, con el objetivo de contar con diferentes alternativas de información que le permitan actualizar sus conocimientos en el área de la endodoncia (AU)

Over the years, different thematic concepts attributed to the endodontics are modified. One such step is the sealing of the root canal system, this procedure extremely thorough and critical in obtaining a successful result, it has had in recent years important contributions in terms of new materials and techniques in the field of endodontic. This literature review basic aspects resumed by the latest knowledge about endodontic filling, allow the practitioner endodontics, emphasizing aspects of the last operative stage of root canal, aiming to have alternatives that allow them information update their knowledge on the area of endodontics (AU)

Coronal microleakage of enterococcus faecalis in three types of endodontic filling (warm vertical compaction, lateral compaction, and single cone) / Microfiltración coronal de enterococcus faecalis en tres tipos de obturación endodóntica (compactación vertical caliente, compactación lateral y cono único)

ABSTRACT. Introduction: the adequate sealing of endodontic fillings is critical for a successful treatment, as it prevents the entry of microorganisms and/or their growth in case they persist within the root system. The purpose of this study was to determine bacterial microleakage time in root canals filled with the lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction, and single cone techniques. Methods: 30 single-rooted teeth extracted from humans were randomly distributed into three experimental groups (n = 8); positive and negative controls were also used (n = 6). Teeth were prepared with the corono-apical ProTaper Universal technique and obturations were performed using lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction (System B - Obtura II) and single cone. Top Seal resin-based cement was used in the three groups. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) microleakage was assessed every 24 hours for 30 days using the dual chamber model, with the lower chamber containing a pH indicator in the culture medium, which showed bacterial microleakage time. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way Anova test and Bonferroni and Tukey's post-tests. Results: the single-cone technique showed the highest level of bacterial microleakage of E. faecalis as a function of time, while lateral compaction and warm vertical compaction showed better results, with no statistically significant differences between them, being the techniques with the best sealing results against E. faecalis microleakage. Conclusions: under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that the single-cone technique is not suitable for root canal sealing, as it does not prevent bacterial microleakage of E. faecalis compared to the other two techniques.

RESUMEN. Introducción: un adecuado sellado de la obturación endodóntica es crucial para el éxito del tratamiento, ya que impide la entrada de microorganismos y/o el crecimiento de los mismos en caso de persistir en la anatomía radicular. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el tiempo de microfiltración bacteriana en conductos obturados con condensación lateral, condensación vertical caliente y cono único. Métodos: 30 dientes unirradiculares extraídos de humanos se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres grupos experimentales (n = 8); adicionalmente, se usaron controles positivos y negativos (n = 6). Los dientes fueron conformados con técnica coronoapical ProTaper universal y las obturaciones se realizaron usando compactación lateral, compactación vertical caliente (System B - Obtura II) y cono único. Para los tres grupos se utilizó cemento resinoso Top Seal. La microfiltración con Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) se evalúo cada 24 horas por 30 días usando el modelo de doble cámara, donde la cámara inferior presentaba un indicador de pH en el medio de cultivo, el cual indicaba el momento de microfiltración bacteriana. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente usando el test de Anova de una vía y los postests de Bonferroni y Tukey. Resultados: la técnica de cono único presentó la mayor microfiltración bacteriana de E. faecalis en función del tiempo, mientras que las técnicas de compactación lateral y compactación vertical caliente presentaron mejores resultados, aunque entre ellas no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo estas dos últimas técnicas las que mejores resultados presentaron a nivel de sellado contra la microfiltración de E. faecalis. Conclusiones: bajo las condiciones de este estudio, se puede concluir que la técnica de cono único no es adecuada para el sellado de conductos radiculares, ya que no impide la microfiltración bacteriana de E. faecalis en comparación con las otras técnicas.

Comparison of root canals obturated with ProTaper gutta-percha master point using the active lateral condensation and the single-cone techniques: a bacterial leakage study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the recontamination time of root canals filled with ProTaper gutta-percha master point using the active lateral condensation and the single-cone techniques. Methods: Fifty premolars, after biomechanical preparation, were randomly divided into six groups according to the obturation technique and the diameter of the gutta-percha point. For leakage evaluation, the roots were mounted in a dual-chamber leakage model system using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Kaplan-Meier and Long-Rank tests were employed at the .05 level of significance. Results: The recontamination was detected between the 13th and 80th days. The active lateral condensation produced less infiltration than the single cone technique, though without statistically significant differences between them. Conclusions: It may be concluded that there was no difference in bacterial penetration between the two root canal filling techniques. The mean root canalcontamination time was 67 days.