Effect of applying sitting posture corrector on improving reading and writing posture of elementary school students / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effect of applying sitting posture corrector on improving reading and writing posture of elementary school students， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents. Methods One elementary school each in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai was selected using a convenience sampling strategy. Furthermore， two classes each in Grade 3 and 4 were selected as the intervention group （282 students were included in the study）， and the other two classes each in Grades 3 and 4 were selected as the control group （294 students were included in the study）. Students in the intervention group used the sitting posture corrector in the classrooms for 4 months （from September 2020 to January 2021）， while those in the control group did not use the sitting posture corrector. Relevant data were collected before and after the intervention through a self-administered questionnaire and visual examination. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and generalized estimating equation. Results Before the intervention， 13.5% （38/282） of students in the intervention group and 12.2% （36/294） in the control group had good reading and writing posture （ χ 2 = 0.195， P >0.659）. After the intervention， 18.4% （52/282） of students in the intervention group had good reading and writing posture， which was higher than that （11.2%， 33/294） in the control group （ χ 2=5.957， P =0.015）. Before and after the intervention， there was no significant differences in the prevalence of myopia between students in the intervention and control groups （all P >0.05）. Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that students in the intervention group were 1.502 times more likely to have good reading and writing posture than those in the control group after the intervention （ P =0.043）. Conclusion Applying sitting posture corrector in schools could improve students' reading and writing posture.

Effect of applying sitting posture corrector on improving reading and writing posture of elementary school students / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effect of applying sitting posture corrector on improving reading and writing posture of elementary school students， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents. Methods One elementary school each in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai was selected using a convenience sampling strategy. Furthermore， two classes each in Grade 3 and 4 were selected as the intervention group （282 students were included in the study）， and the other two classes each in Grades 3 and 4 were selected as the control group （294 students were included in the study）. Students in the intervention group used the sitting posture corrector in the classrooms for 4 months （from September 2020 to January 2021）， while those in the control group did not use the sitting posture corrector. Relevant data were collected before and after the intervention through a self-administered questionnaire and visual examination. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and generalized estimating equation. Results Before the intervention， 13.5% （38/282） of students in the intervention group and 12.2% （36/294） in the control group had good reading and writing posture （ χ 2 = 0.195， P >0.659）. After the intervention， 18.4% （52/282） of students in the intervention group had good reading and writing posture， which was higher than that （11.2%， 33/294） in the control group （ χ 2=5.957， P =0.015）. Before and after the intervention， there was no significant differences in the prevalence of myopia between students in the intervention and control groups （all P >0.05）. Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that students in the intervention group were 1.502 times more likely to have good reading and writing posture than those in the control group after the intervention （ P =0.043）. Conclusion Applying sitting posture corrector in schools could improve students' reading and writing posture.

Seat Pressure Distribution Characteristics During 1 Hour Sitting in Office Workers With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem for office workers. Individuals adopting poor postures during prolonged sitting have a considerably increased risk of experiencing LBP. This study aimed to investigate seat pressure distribution characteristics, i.e., average pressure, peak pressure ratio, frequency of postural shift, and body perceived discomfort (BPD), during 1 hour of sitting among office workers with and without chronic LBP. METHODS: Forty-six participants (chronic LBP = 23, control = 23) typed a standardized text passage at a computer work station for an hour. A seat pressure mat device was used to collect the seat pressure distribution data. Body discomfort was assessed using the Body Perceived Discomfort scale. RESULTS: Office workers with chronic LBP sat significantly more asymmetrically than their healthy counterparts. During 1-hour sitting, all workers appeared to assume slumped sitting postures after 20 minutes of sitting. Healthy workers had significantly more frequent postural shifts than chronic LBP workers during prolonged sitting. CONCLUSION: Different sitting characteristics between healthy and chronic LBP participants during 1 hour of sitting were found, including symmetry of sitting posture and frequency of postural shift. Further research should examine the roles of these sitting characteristics on the development of LBP.

Relación entre el dolor lumbar y los movimientos realizados en postura sedente prolongada: Revisión de la literatura / The relationship between low back pain and movements in prolonged sitting posture: Literature review

La evidencia científica muestra que existe asociación entre dolor lumbar y postura sedente prolongada y que una de las poblaciones más propensa a esta enfermedad es la de conductores, con una alta prevalencia. De igual manera, los movimientos posturales en la silla son la respuesta natural del cuerpo debida a la incomodidad percibida por el dolor lumbar, pero esta difiere en función de la historia previa. Con base en esto se realizó una revisión de los estudios relacionados con el dolor lumbar y el movimiento en postura sedente prolongada, incluyendo la población de conductores, con el fin de comprender esta relación. Se recuperaron 6226 artículos, de los cuales 16 fueron publicados entre 1970 y 2010; estos proporcionaron la información necesaria para contestar la pregunta de revisión. Se pudo constatar que ninguno de los estudios fueron realizados en actividades de conducir y la mayoría involucró sujetos voluntarios sin considerar si la población era trabajadora. El movimiento con dolor lumbar en postura sedente prolongada solo se pudo explicar desde el rango de movimiento lumbar, debido a que solo se encontró un artículo con estas características. También se encontró que los sintomáticos se mueven más, pero que el dolor lumbar no disminuye en función del tiempo, es decir que conocemos muy poco acerca de la paradoja movimiento y dolor en postura sedente prolongada.

Scientific evidence shows an association between low back pain and prolonged sitting posture, also one of the most sensitive populations to this disorder are the drivers with a high prevalence. Postural movements in the chair are body's natural response to perceived discomfort caused by back pain but this is different depending on each individual's background of back pain. Based on this, we perform a review of studies related to low back pain and movement in prolonged sitting posture, including the driver population, in order to understand this relationship. We retrieved 6226 articles, of which 16 matched the established criteria and provided the information necessary to answer the review question. We found that none of the studies considered were conducted in driving activities and most of them were done with volunteer subjects regardless if they were workers or not. The movement with low back pain in prolonged sitting posture could only be explained from the range of lumbar motion because only one article matched these characteristics, finding that symptomatic people move more but low back pain does not decrease as a function of time, proving that we know very little about the paradoxical between movement and pain in prolonged sitting posture.

Investigação sobre a satisfação e os efeitos de móveis utilizados por estudantes universitários / Investigation about the satisfaction and effects of furniture used by college students

Este estudo averiguo a opinião de 51 estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional da UFPB, sobre cadeira universitária com prancheta fixa. Foi aplicado o Questionário de Satisfação do Produto que investigou: conforto, segurança, adaptação, praticidade, adequação ao trabalho e aparência da carteira, através de escala visual analógica, e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares para verificação da presença de dor nos segmentos corporais relacionados à utilização da cadeira. Quanto a metodologia, adotou-se a investigação empírica de caráter experimental para mensurar satisfação do usuário, sendo um estudo exploratório que possui elementos descritivos e correlacionais quantitativos. Utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Person, o teste Qui- quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis pesquisadas. Desta forma percebemos a importância do estudo estrutural aprofundado relacionado aos itens de Design/Ergonomia, realizado por terapeutas ocupacionais e designers, antes da disseminação deste produtos no mercado. Recomenda-se às universidades, aquisição de mobiliário com regulagem de altura/inclinação e profundidade da prancheta, assento e encosto.

This study investigates the opinion of 51 students of Occupational Therapy, of Federal University of Paraíba about their university chair with fixed clipboard. It was the resulting from theapplication of a questionnaire that measured the satisfaction of theobject and investigates: comfort, security, adaptability, practicality,suitability to work and appearance of the chair, using a system of a visual analogue scale. Furthermore, we used the Brazilian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire to verify the presence of pain in the body segments related to the use of the chair. About the methodology, we adopt the empirical experimentally research to measure the user satisfaction, because it is a exploratory study that has descriptive elements and quantitative correlational. We use the correlation coeffi cient Person, the Chi-square test and the exact Fisher test, to assess the association between the variables studied. Thus, we realize the importance of detailed structural study related to items of Design/Ergonomics, held by occupational therapists and designers, before the spread of this product on the market. Hence, we recommended to the universities, purchasing furniture with height/tilt and with depth on the clipboard, seat and back.

Educative games and expositive lesson: comparison of educational techniques on sitting posture

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos sobre educação em saúde são importantes para a concretização de ações de promoção da saúde. OBJETIVO: verificar as mudanças de conhecimentos teóricos sobre postura sentada, avaliados em dois momentos (inicial e final,) considerando dois programas de educação (aula expositiva e grupos operativos). MÉTODO: Foram sujeitos 75 alunos, de ambos os sexos, de três 4as séries de uma escola pública, avaliados previamente (A1) sobre postura sentada; o grupo 1 foi submetido a um procedimento de ensino expositivo, o 2 a jogos educativos e o 3 a nenhuma intervenção. Após uma semana foram reavaliados (A2). Para os momentos aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon e entre os grupos Kruskal Wallis. RESULTADOS: Na comparação dentro dos grupos, os 2 e 3 apresentaram aumento no número de acertos sobre postura sentada no pós-teste, com diferença estatisticamente significante, enquanto que no grupo controle, tal fato não ocorreu. Na comparação entre grupos, no primeiro momento (A1), os grupos 2 e 3 não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05), no entanto, no segundo momento nota-se que houve diferença estatística entre os três grupos (p < 0,01), sendo que o G3 apresentou menor freqüência de erros (Md = 5) em relação ao G2 (Md = 8) e G1 (Md = 10). CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se afirmar que técnicas educativas que fornecem informações e promovem debates e trocas de experiências entre os participantes aumentam as chances de incorporação dos conteúdos relacionados à postura sentada.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SITTING POSTURES ON MAXIMUM LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE ACTIVATION AND MAXIMUM POWER IN EXPLOSIVE PEDALING EXERCISE / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different sitting postures, by change of seat height, on lower extremity muscle activation and maximum power during explosive bicycle pedaling exercises. The subjects performed 5 sec maximum pedaling exercises at three different seat heights.‘High’ seat height was defined as 95% of leg length, ‘Middle’ was 90% and‘Low’ was 85%.<BR>The results were summarized as follows: A) At 3 revolutions, maximum power at‘High’ was significantly higher than that at‘low’. B) Pelvic angle at‘High’ was significantly higher than that at‘Low’. C) The maximum extension angle of the knee joint was a significantly high value in descend. ing order of‘High’, ‘Middle’ and‘Low’. D) mEMG of the Erector spinae and Biceps femoris at‘High’ was significantly higher than that at‘Low’. E) At‘High’, there was a significant correlation between maximum power of 3 revolutions and mEMG in the Gluteus maximus. In addition, maximum power at 3 revolutions tended to correlate with mEMG in the Biceps femoris and Vastus lateralis.<BR>These results suggest that in explosive pedaling exercises, different sitting postures by change of seat height, have different influences on hip extension muscle activation and maximum power.