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Objective: To study the learning and memory enhancement effect of fresh Gastrodia elata (FG) on deficits induced by sleep interruption (SI) in mice. Methods: The contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in FG were determined by HPLC, and the content of polysaccharide were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Then the learning and memory enhancement effects of FG on sleep deficits induced mice were studied. A total of 60 ICR male mice were randomly divided into the control group, the SI model group, the modafinil group, and the FG groups (3 and 9 g/kg). The mice were sleep interrupted continuously for 14 d, behavioral tests were performed by using open field test, novel object recognition (NOR) experiment, Morris water maze (MWM) task, and passive avoidance method. The levels of SOD and MDA in the serum and the hippocampus, Ach, Glu and NE in the hippocampus were measured. Results: There were no significant changes in locomotor activities among all groups. Compared with the control group, the discrimination index (DI) of SI model group in NOR was decreased significantly, the longer escape latency in MWM was observed in SI mice group, in passive avoidance test the errors times increased and the latent period decreased. In addition, the levels of MDA in the serum and the hippocampus were increased, while the contents of SOD, Ach, Glu and NE in the serum and the hippocampus were decreased significantly. In comparison with the SI group, FG (3 and 9 g/kg) treatment markedly enhanced the discriminative ability by elevating DI in NOR, improved the acquisition and retention of spatial memory by decreasing escape latency, decreased the errors times, and prolonged the latency time in passive avoidance test. Administration of FG significantly reduced the elevated MDA level in the serum and the hippocampus and raised the reduced SOD, Ach, Glu and NE levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: The results reveal that FG treatment can improve SI-induced learning and memory impairments, and ameliorate oxidative stress damage and raise neurotransmitter content. FG is a potential traditional Chinese medicine for improving learning and memory impairments.
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Objective To investigate the antidepressant effect of DS-1226, a hydrolysate of ginsenosides, on a mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption, and provide scientific evidence for the research and de?velopment of antidepressant drugs. Methods 72 male ICR mice were divided into control group, model group, positive control group (paroxetine hydrochloride, 10 mg/kg) and 3 treatment groups (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg of DS?1226). Except the control group, the other mice were put into a rotary roller (parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min af?ter 1 rev) for 3 days of drum adaptation, 3 h/d. Then making model for 14 days in the roller( parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min after 1 rev) . The antidepressant effects of DS?1226 were evaluated by weight monitoring, open?field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Results After 14 d sleep disturbance, compared with the control group,the body weight, immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly decreased in the model group. Compared with the model group, DS?1226(40 mg/kg)significantly reversed the weight loss caused by sleep disturb?ance. Paroxetine significantly reduced the immobility time of tail suspension test. DS?1226 (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg)signifi?cantly decreased the immobility time of tail suspension test, and DS?1226 (80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobil?ity time of forced swimming test. Conclusion The hydrolysate of ginsenosides DS?1226 shows antidepressant effect on mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption.
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Objective To study the effects of dammarane sapogenins ( DS-1226 ) on sleep interruption-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods 130 SPF healthy 5 -6-week old male ICR mice were randomly divided into control, model, DS-1226 low dose, DS-1226 medium dose and DS-1226 high dose groups.The behavioral alterations in open field (OF), Morris water maze (MWM) and step-through (ST) tests were detected at 15 days after rotating drum-induced sleep interruption ( SI) .Results The total distance, movement speed, total duration of movement were increased in OF test ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) after treatment.The latency of place navigation was increased from day 5 in the MWM test after 15 d sleep interruption, and the number of crossing in the target quadrant and the percent distance in target quadrant were decreased after 15 d sleep interruption ( P <0.05, vs.the control group), while the latency of place navigation was decreased, and the percent distance in target quadrant and percent time in target quadrant after high dose DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) were increased.Error times, distance in dark chamber, time in dark chamber and immobility time in dark chamber were increased in training of step through test ( P<0.05, vs.the control group);while these indexes were decreased after DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) .But there was no significant difference in the step through testing course.Conclusions The results show that orally administrated DS-1226 can ameliorate SI-induced learning and memory impairment, and there is a significant dosage-effect relationship.