Discussion on moxibustion practice of the Han medical bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei and Juyan regions of Gansu province / 中国针灸

Through collecting the relevant moxibustion records of Han medical bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei and Juyan regions of Gansu province, the situation and characteristics of clinical practice of moxibustion were summarized. In Wuwei Han medical bamboo slips, the contraindications of moxibustion were recorded, with age and time involved. Juyan Han medical bamboo slips mainly recorded the methods of moxibustion at the acupoints located on the back of the body, with clear emphasis and requirement of acupoint selection, single acupoint moxibustion and moxibustion quantity (the numbers of moxa cone) included. These records on bamboo slips initially display the practice and development of moxibustion in Gansu and other northwestern regions of China in the Han Dynasty, providing a certain instruction for the literature research of moxibustion of the excavated Han medical bamboo slips.

The levator scapulae muscle – morphological variations

Introduction: Anatomical variations of the levator scapulae are important and therefore clinically relevant. Thelevator scapulae are now believed to be the leading cause of discomfort in patients with chronic tension-typeneck and shoulder pain and a link between anatomical variants of the muscle and increased risk of developingpain has been speculated. The results obtained were compared with previous studies.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 32 levator scapulae muscle of 16 cadavers over a period of3 years. The dissection of head and neck was done carefully to preserve all minute details, observing themorphological variations of the muscle in the department of Anatomy, Viswabharathi Medical College,Penchikalapadu, and Kurnool.Results: Total 32 levator scapulae muscles were used. All the sample values were measured to 2 decimal places.The average age of the cadavers in the sample was 82.87 years. The oldest cadaver in the sample was 100 yearsold and the youngest 61 years. Measurements of the proximal and distal attachments and the total length of themuscles were taken. Between 3 and 6 muscle slips were reported at the proximal attachment. Differences werealso observed between sides. The first report of a levator scapula muscle with 6 muscle slips at the proximalattachment was described.Conclusion: In our study we report 3 to 6 muscle slips in our study group. In order to improve the reliability of theresults of this study a greater number of specimens should be used, either through further dissection or inclusionof results from imaging techniques. The findings of the study should still be of great interest to cliniciansassociated with this area of the body. By doing this the speculated link between muscle variation and clinicaloutcomes such as myofascial pain syndrome could be investigated further. The potential applications andexpansions of this study are exciting and may begin to uncover the unexplained mechanisms behind myofascialpain syndrome.

Study On Tendinous Connections Between Flexor Hallucis Longus And Flexor Digitorum Longus

Introduction: Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) and Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) are long flexors of the toes, oftenwith the interconnecting tendinous slips at various points. These interconnecting slips hold great significance inreconstruction surgeries of ankle and foot such as chronic Achilles tendon rupture, posterior tibial tendondysfunction (PTTD) and peroneal tendon rupture. In view of the above this study was aimed to find out varioustypes of connections between tendons of FHL & FDL.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy ACSR GovernmentMedical College, Nellore, conducted in a total of 34 lower limbs. Flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucismuscles were reflected distally after the removal of the skin, superficial fascia and plantar aponeurosis toexpose FHL and FDL tendons which were examined for the interconnections. Specimens with interconnectionswere photographed and documented.Result: Out of 34 samples, 17 were right sided and 17 were of left sided. Mean foot length was 22.4 ± 1.9 cm. Threetypes of connections i.e. type 1, 4 & 5 were documented at 17 (50%), 16 (47.1%) and 1 (2.9%) type 5 respectively.Type 1 tendinous connections were further classified into 3 sub types i.e. type 1A were 10 (58.8%), type 1B were5(29.4%) and type C were of 2(11.8%).Conclusion: This study finds maximum distribution of type1 interconnections followed by type 4 and sub type 1Aamong type 1. This study also reports for the first time a common origin of 1st lumbrical from distal part oftendinous slip as well as from 1st digital slip of FDL. These interconnections provide stable base and enhancedpropulsion by toes and also act as natural tenodesis

Evolution of acupoint nomenclature: on the basis of the analysis of medical bamboo slips / 中国针灸

Many theories of acupuncture and moxibustion and treatment experience are described in the medical bamboo slips. In this paper, based on the records of () of medical bamboo slips, focusing on the questions on the nomenclature of acupoints and meridians, by the comparison of the descriptions in ( ') with other unearthed medical literature, the evolution on the nomenclature was sorted out and the rules and significance of such evolution were explored. In comparison between the evolution of the acupoint names on the head and face and that on the four limbs, the changing modes were presented and analyzed. Finally, the nomenclature of meridians and that of acupoints were compared to infer the potential factors of their own features. This preliminary exploration reflects the important significance of the comparative study of medical bamboo slips in the literature interpretation, concept understanding and theory evolution rules of meridians and acupoints.

Relationship between the residual in Tianhui medical slips and in / 中国针灸

Except the complete literature of , Tianhui medical slips unearthed in Chengdu also include a part of literature document on meridian, which was seriously damaged. Both of them were found in the same box together with . The title of the document chapter was not found in the residual medical slips. By investigated the textual content, it was discovered that such medical slips were different from the Mawangdui silk books, i.e. and , of Zhangjiashan bamboo slips of Han Dynasty, as well as in Tianhui medical slips. But, the sentences in description are similar to the sentences of in (), therefore, this residual slips was named as () by the collator. In the paper, by the comparison of this residual slip chapter with the unearthed literature document on meridian as well as in , the origin and evolution of meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the Qin and Han dynasties were explained. By taking it as an example, the construction process of classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine was explored.

Incidentes relacionados con resbalos, tropiezos y caídas en una fábrica pulverizadora de leche en el municipio de Valledupar, Cesar / Incidents related to slips, trips and falls in a Milkpulverizer factory in the municipality of Valledupar, Cesar

Introducción: Los incidentes relacionados con resbalos, tropiezos y caídas requieren un enfoque de prevención integral y constante para un desempeño sostenible a largo plazo, enfocado hacia la identificación, evaluación y control, para generar una mejora continua. Objetivo: Determinar las causas de incidentesrelacionados con resbalos, tropiezos y caídas en una fábrica pulverizadora de leche en Valledupar, Cesar. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal; se utilizaron como instrumentos, la matriz de riesgos de la Guía Técnica Colombiana 45/2012 y lista de chequeo Anexo1 de Instrucción Técnica Gu-18.007,06/2016. Resultados: Los mayores reportes estuvieron relacionados con desnivel, hueco, rejillas, tapas de registro en piso, escaleras, objeto prominente en rutas peatonales, sustancias derramadas y rampa/Plataforma. El área con mayor número de hallazgos asociados fue condensación con 19%, con 34% Riesgos Altos y 39% Riesgos Medios. Los agentes causales: Suelo arrojó: riesgo Alto 87.4% y riesgo medio 10.3%; Escaleras: riesgo Alto 85.7%, riesgo bajo 14.3%; Rampas/plataformas: riesgo Alto 60% y riesgo medio 33.3% y para Limpieza y señalización: riesgo Alto 52% yriesgomedio48%.Siendo598RiesgosAltos,145RiesgosMediosy28Riesgos Bajos evaluados en la lista de chequeo del Anexo1 de la Guía Técnica Gu-18.007,06/2016. Para valoración y priorización según Guía Técnica Colombiana 45/2012 fue de 16 Riesgos Muy Altos, 116 Riesgos Altos, 122 Riesgos Medios y 57 Riesgos Bajos. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las principales causas de resbalos, tropiezos y caídas están relacionada con Suelo, Escalera, Limpieza y señalización.

Introduction: The incidents related to slips, trips and falls require acomprehensive and constant preventionapproach for long-term sustainable performance, with an effortfocusedonidentifying,evaluatingandcontrollingthemtogenerateasignificant improvement. Objective: Determine the causes of incidents related to slips, trips and falls in a milk pulverizer factory in Valledupar, Cesar. Design: Descriptive type and cross section. Methodology: Instruments: Risk matrix of the Colombian TechnicalGuide45/2012andChecklistAnnex1ofTechnicalInstructionGu-18.007, 06 / 2016. Results: The biggest reports were related to unevenness, gaps, grids, floor registration caps, stairs, prominent object in pedestrian routes, spilled substances and ramp / Platform. The area with the highest number of associated findings was 19% condensation, with 34% High Risksand 39% Average Risks.The causal agents: Soil showed: High risk 87.4% and medium risk 10.3%, Stairs: High risk85.7%,lowrisk14.3%,Ramps/platforms:Highrisk60%andmediumrisk33.3% and for Cleaning and signaling: High risk 52% and medium risk 48%. For a total of 598 High Risks, 145 Medium Risks and 28 Low Risks evaluated in the checklist of Annex 1 of Technical Guide Gu-18.007,06 / 2016. For valuation and prioritization according to the Colombian Technical Guide 45/2012, it was 16 Very High Risks, 116 High Risks, 122 Medium Risks and 57 Low Risks. Conclusions:Conclusions: It is concluded that the main cause of slips, trips and falls is related to Soil, Ladder, Cleaning andsignaling

Nerve Entrapment In The Osseoaponeurotic Tunnel Mimicking Struther’s Ligament Associated With Superficial Brachial Artery: An Embryological Error

Introduction: Coracobrachialis muscle is well known for its morphological variations. Anatomical variation ofcoracobrachialis near its insertion can cause compression of median nerve and brachial artery by mimickingstruther’s ligament. Our aim of the study was to examine and record the variations in origin and insertion ofcoracobrachialis muscle and to see their relationship with the median nerve and brachial artery.Methodology: During routine dissection for undergraduate students in KFMSR, 64 upper limbs were dissectedand observed for any variations in origin and insertion of Coracobrachialis muscle.Results: Of the 64 upper limbs dissected, we noted that in one cadaver, there were two heads of origin forcoracobrachialis muscle and there was also a variation in the insertion as abnormal slips, which were attachedto antebrachial fascia. The blood supply to this muscle was from the muscular branches of superficial brachialartery.Conclusion: The knowledge of this type of variations is important for surgeons, radiologists, neurologists andphysiotherapists for proper decision making during surgical considerations and injuries around elbow joint.Neurovascular structures like median nerve and superficial brachial artery may be compressed by the abnormalslips of coracobrachialis close to insertion.

Acupuncture techniques recorded in the Tianhui bamboo slips of medicine in the tomb of the Han Dynasty / 中国针灸

was nominated after the collection of the bamboo slips of medicine unearthed from the tomb of the Han Dynasty in Tiahui county, Chengdu of Sichuan Province. It is the special chapter on the therapeuticmethods of acupuncture, providing the valuable new historical evidences for the study on the inheritance and evolution of acupuncture in TCM. In the paper, using the cross-proof method among the unearthed literature, the inherited literatures and the unearthed relics, the ancient acupuncture techniques at the early Western Han Dynasty were explored. It was discovered that the manipulations of the different needling techniques, such as pulse needling and intermuscular needling, as well as the forms of the needling tools provided the evidences to the Nine Needles recorded in () and the archaeological discovery. There were many acupuncture prescriptions, reflecting the needling methods recorded in () and () as well as needling chart, the stone portrait of the Han Dynasty. The close combination between the acupuncture needling techniques and the pulse diagnosis indicates the theoretic essence of the meridian medicine at the ancient time.