Desigualdades no uso dos serviços de saúde em um município no Sul do Brasil em 2019: estudo transversal / Inequalities in the use of health services in a municipality in Southern Brazil in 2019: a cross-sectional study / Desigualdades en el uso de los servicios de salud en un municipio del Sur de Brasil en 2019: estudio transversal

Objective: to assess inequalities in the use of health services in a municipality in Southern Brazil. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted with adults living in the urban area of the municipality of Criciúma, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between March and December 2019; the research outcomes were medical consultation, dental visit, nutritional counseling and the use of the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde − SUS); the exposures were age, schooling and income; inequalities were analyzed using the Slope index of inequality and equiplots. Results: A total of 820 individuals were studied; medical consultation was higher (14.2 percentage points [p.p.]), and dental visit was lower (-29.5 p.p.), in older adults, when compared to young people; dental visit (41.1 p.p.) and nutritional counseling (18.0 p.p.) were higher in individuals with higher level of education, when compared to those with lower level of education; the use of SUS was higher in older adults (21.3 p.p.), with lower level of education (-61.2 p.p.) and lower income (-51.6 p.p.), when compared to their peers. Conclusion: in order to develop public policies, these inequalities should be taken into consideration.

Objetivo: Evaluar desigualdades en el uso de los servicios de salud en un municipio del sur de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con adultos residentes en área urbana de la ciudad de Criciúma, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre marzo y diciembre de 2019. Variables de resultado fueron citas médicas y dentales, consejería nutricional y uso del Sistema Único de Salud (Sistema Único de Saúde − SUS). Exposiciones fueron edad, educación, ingreso. Desigualdad se presentó por Índice de desigualdad de la pendiente y gráficos equiplots. Resultados: Se estudiaron 820 individuos. Cita médica fue mayor (14.2 puntos porcentuales [p.p.]) y cita dental menor (-29,5 p.p.) en ancianos, en comparación con jóvenes. Cita dental (41,1 p.p.) y consejería nutricional (18,0 p.p.) fueron mayores en más educados en comparación con menos educados. Uso del SUS fue mayor en ancianos (21,3 p.p.), menos educados (-61,2 p.p.) y con menores ingresos (-51,6 p.p.) en comparación con sus pares. Conclusiones: Desigualdades evidenciadas demuestran que políticas públicas deben considerarlas en su desarrollo.

Objetivo: avaliar desigualdades no uso dos serviços de saúde em um município do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal de base populacional com adultos residentes na área urbana do município de Criciúma, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre março e dezembro de 2019; desfechos do estudo foram consulta médica, consulta odontológica, orientação nutricional e uso do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); exposições foram idade, escolaridade e renda; desigualdades foram analisadas pelo índice absoluto de desigualdade e gráficos equiplots. Resultados: foram incluídos 820 indivíduos; realização de consulta médica foi maior (14,2 pontos percentuais [p.p.]), e de consulta odontológica, menor (-29,5 p.p.), em idosos, comparados a jovens; realização de consulta odontológica (41,1 p.p.) e orientação nutricional (18,0 p.p.) foi maior nos mais escolarizados, comparados aos menos escolarizados; uso do SUS foi maior em idosos (21,3 p.p.), menos escolarizados (-61,2 p.p.) e com menor renda (-51,6 p.p.), comparados a seus pares. Conclusão: para seu desenvolvimento, as políticas públicas devem considerar essas desigualdades.

Changes in Contribution of Causes of Death to Socioeconomic Mortality Inequalities in Korean Adults / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze long-term trends in the contribution of each cause of death to socioeconomic inequalities in all-cause mortality among Korean adults. METHODS: Data were collected from death certificates between 1990 and 2004 and from censuses in 1990, 1995, and 2000. Age-standardized death rates by gender were produced according to education as the socioeconomic position indicator, and the slope index of inequality was calculated to evaluate the contribution of each cause of death to socioeconomic inequalities in all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Among adults aged 25-44, accidental injuries with transport accidents, suicide, liver disease and cerebrovascular disease made relatively large contributions to socioeconomic inequalities in all-cause mortality, while, among adults aged 45-64, liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, transport accidents, liver cancer, and lung cancer did so. Ischemic heart disease, a very important contributor to socioeconomic mortality inequality in North America and Western Europe, showed a very low contribution (less than 3%) in both genders of Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the contributions of different causes of death to absolute mortality inequalities, establishing effective strategies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality is warranted.