Meta-analysis of the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for maxillary molar distalization in adult patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.

COVID 19 INFECTION IN A PATIENT NEWLY DIAGNOSED WITH HIV/TB COINFECTION – A CASE REPORT

HIV/TB coinfection, COVID 19 with HIV/TB, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), TB lymphadenopathy

Comparative analysis on the management of vaccine distribution in China and some other Asian countries / 上海预防医学

Objective To compare the framework of immunization programme and management of vaccine distributionin in China and some Asian countries, and further improve the immunization policy in China. Methods Using literature review, we compared the current status of immunization programme and vaccine distribution in China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Results Vaccine distribution has its own characteristics among Asian countries. Japan started early with a complete supervision system and compensation system. Thailand and Vietnam have also formed an efficient and complete cold chain transportation mode after implementing Expanded Programme on Immunization. Conclusion China can refer to the typical framework of immunization and experience of vaccine distributionfromsome Asian countries, which may improve vaccine accessand production links, standardize vaccine circulation market, and establish an efficient vaccine supervision and traceability system.

Evaluation of Some Cytokines, CD4, Hepcidin, Iron, and Some Haematological Parameters of Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Southeastern Part of Nigeria

A study to evaluate the levels of interferon-gamma, interleukins 6 and 10, hepcidin, iron status and some haematological parameters in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus was carried out. A total of 150 subjects aged 18-60 years were enlisted for this study. The subjects were grouped into: Group A (50 control subjects) and Group B (100 HIV subjects, 50 subjects were non ART HIV patients, 50 subjects were on Lamivudine, Tenofavir and Efavirenz). About 7ml of venous blood were collected from each subject;4.5ml of blood were placed into plain tubes for assay of interferon gamma, interleukins (6&10), hepcidin and iron and 2.5ml for FBC, CD4 count and HIV screening. The cytokines and hepcidinwere measured using Melsin ELISA Kits and Teco Diagnostics kits used for iron. Full blood count was determined by automation using Mindray BC-5300, China. The data was analysed with the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 using ANOVA and the level of significance set at P<0.05. The results showed difference that was statistically significant (P<0.05) in IFN-γ (16.25±0.87pg/ml, 29.31±1.44pg/ml,18.49±1.48pg/ml, P=0.000),IL-6(7.98±0.22pg/ml, 11.08±1.21pg/ml,8.79±0.76pg/ml,P=0.000), IL-10(8.52±0.62pg/ml, 16.62±1.53pg/ml,10.39±1.06Pg/ml P=0.000), CD4 (1045.54 ±247.24Cells/L, 195.60 ±35.94Cells/L,10.39±1.06cells/L P=0.000), hepcidin (6.03±1.38ng/ml, 39.59 ±4.50ng/ml, 20.86±3.43ng/ml, P=0.000), Iron (86.29±7.27 μg/dl, 73.43±5.45 μg/dl,85.44±8.45μg/dl, P=0.000), TIBC (345.56±28.40 μg/dl, 287.19 ±8.21μg/dl,305.46±18.82μg/dl, P=0.000),%TSA (25.16±3.18%, 25.61±2.22%,28.08 ±3.42%,P=0.000) WBC (5.87 ±0.88 X 109/L, 4.69±0.72X 109/L,4.80±0.45X 109/L, P=0.000), Neutrophils (60.57±2.83%, 75.16±3.68%,69.04±2.90%, P=0.000), Lymphocytes (30.69 ±2.84%, 17.24±2.50%, 24.46±2.60%,P=0.000), Monocytes (5.59 ±1.2%, 4.18±1.12%,3.97±0.92%, P=0.000), Eosinophils (2.30 ±1.05%, 2.16±0.82%,1.67±0.57%, P=0.000), Basophil 0.86 ±0.39%, 1.31±0.94%, 0.86±0.44%,P=0.018), RBC (4.92±0.30 X 1012/L, 3.34±0.21 X 1012/L,3.60 ±0.18X 1012/L, P=0.000), Haemoglobin (14.75±0.90,g/dl, 10.05±0.65g/dl,10.80±0.53g/dl, P=0.000), PCV (44.25±2.70%, 30.14±1.95,32.56±1.50%, P=0.000), MCV(89.92±2.3fl, 79.49±1.28fl,88.15±2.08fl, P=0.029), MCH (36.12±1.53pg, 26.60±0.48P, P=0.002), Platelets (261.75±22.71 X 109/L, 246.16±9.93 X 109/L,189.32±17.00X 109/L, P=0.000), ESR (7.03 ±1.38mm/hr, 59.52 ±6.46mm/hr,43.34±4.82mm/hr, P=0.000) when compared among Control, Non ART HIV and ART positive subjects.g,28.57±1.78pg, P=0.000), MCHC (368.46±12.28g/l, 318.92±7.33g/l,333.56±22.61g/l. The study shows that interferon gamma, interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and hepcidin are some of the biomarkers in thepathogenesis of HIV. The infection of HIV increases the levels of the cytokines. The cytokines and hepcidin can be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers as their levels decreased with treatment of the patients

The correlation between micronuclei count and smoking behavior: a hospital-based study / Correlación entre recuento de micronúcleos y hábito tabáquico: un estudio hospitalario

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.

Antecedentes: El micronúcleo es una masa de cromatina citoplasmática microscópicamente visible en el área extranuclear, que se origina a partir de la mitosis aberrante, y que consiste en cromosomas excéntricos que no han podido alcanzar los polos del huso durante la mitosis. El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar y comparar los cambios citogenéticos en la mucosa bucal de fumadores y no fumadores en función de la aparición de micronúcleos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre el recuento de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del hábito de fumar. Materiales and Métodos: Se examinaron dos grupos (fumadores y no fumadores) de 34 individuos cada uno. Se tomaron frotis bucales citológicos de todos los participantes con una espátula de madera humedecida y se tiñeron con la tinción estándar de Papanicolaou. La presencia de micronúcleos se evaluó al microscopio óptico con un aumento de 40X y se determinó un recuento por 500 células. Los resultados del estudio se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, el coeficiente de correlación de rango de Spearman y la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Los frotis de fumadores mostraron un aumento significativo en el número total de micronúcleos por 500 células en comparación con los no fumadores. Hubo una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. También se observó un aumento relacionado con la edad en los grupos de mayor edad. Conclusión: el estudio revela una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. Esta observación es vital en la utilización de la detección de micronúcleos en frotis como una herramienta pronostica, educativa e intervencionista en el manejo de pacientes con hábitos de fumar.

Analysis on the Implementation Effect of Zero Makeup Policy for Drug and Medical Supplies in a Top Three Hospital in Zhuhai / 中国药师

Objective:To assess the impact of zero makeup policy for drug and medical supplies on hospitals. Methods:Descrip-tive statistics and comparative analysis were used to analyze the related indicators, profit and loss calculation and the cost of patients from April 2014 to March 2017.Results:After the policy was implemented, the number of outpatients and the number of outpatients choosing general doctors decreased. The average length of hospitalization was 8.88 days, and the proportion of drug consumption was 34.10%. The number of outpatients choosing medical experts, the number of inpatients and the proportion of surgical treatment in-creased. Although the policy benefited patients,the average medical expenditure still increased. There was policy loss in the hospital. Conclusion:The reform promotes the implementation of hierarchical medical system, optimizes the hospital income structure and re-duces drug proportion significantly,which achieves the original intentions of the policy to some extent.

Salvianolic acid B ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in T2 DM mice by activating PPARα / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective role of salvianolic acid B ( Sal B ) on cardiac hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mice , and to explore its influence on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-α( PPARα) .Methods The type 2 diabetes melitus ( T2DM) mouse model was established by 4 weeks ' high fat diets feeding and one time STZ intraperitoneal injection .The animals were randomly divided into:control, T2DM, T2DM+SalB(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) and Sal B(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) groups.Eight weeks later, heart weight, tibial length, cross section area of cardiomyocytes , protein expression of PPARαin heart tissue were recorded .In vitro, high glucose and high insulin ( HGI ) were used to induce hypertrophic growth in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes ( NRC-Ms) .And cell surface area , 3 H-leucine incorporation , 3 H-D-glucose uptake and PPARαprotein level were measured to observe the effect of Sal B and MK 886, a PPARαinhibitor.Results In T2DM model mice, Sal B could lower heart weight/tibial length and cross sec-tion area of cardiomyocytes , while PPARαprotein level in hearts were improved .In cultured cardiomyocytes , Sal B ( 10 ～100 μmol · L-1 ) ameliorated the in-creased levels of cell surface area ,3 H-leucine incorpo-ration and improved the decreased 3 H-D-glucose up-take and PPARαexpression induced by HGI . But those function could be abolished by MK 886.Conclu-sion Sal B ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in T 2DM mice, which may be related to its function on PPARαactivation .

The Pharmacological and Phytochemical Study Review of some Species of Iris Grown in Mongolia / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

The genus Iris belongs to the family Iridaceae and comprises of over 300 species and fifteen species of genus Iris are found in Mongolia. Iris has long history of use in various indigenous systems of medicine as alternative aperients, stimulant, cathartic, diuretic, gall bladder diseases, liver complaints, dropsy, purification of blood, venereal infections, fever and bilious infections and for a variety of heart diseases. Rhizomes of Iris are rich source of secondary metabolites and most of these metabolites are reported to possess anticancer, antiplasmodial, anticholinesterase, enzyme inhibitor and immunomodulatory properties. Approximately more than two hundred compounds have been reported from the genus Iris, which includes flavones, isoflavones, glycocides, benzoquinones, triterpinoids, stilbene glycosides and organic acids. In this article, we reviewed the published results of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some Iris species which are grown in Mongolia.

Effect of 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 combined with mechanical strain treatment on proliferation, differentiation, and expression of OPG and RANKL in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3) or mechanical strain alone and their combined treatment on proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, as well as gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand (RANKL) in those cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 10 nmol/L VD3, intermitted mechanical strain or with a combination of these two factors. Cell proliferation was assessed with flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using a fluorometric detection kit. The mRNA expression of ALP, runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2), OPG, and RANKL genes was determined by real-time PCR. The proteins expression of Runx2, OPG, and RANKL was determined by Western blotting. ResultsVD3 inhibited the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, but the mechanical strain had no effect on cell proliferation. Mechanical strain, VD3, and the combined treatment enhanced the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the protein expression of Runx2. The effect of combined treatment was less pronounced than the effect of VD3 or mechanical strain alone. Mechanical strain promoted the gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased the ratio of OPG/RANKL. However, the combination of VD3 and mechanical strain led to a decrease in ratio of OPG/RANKL. Conclusions Mechanical strain might be effective in inducing osteogenic differentiation and increasing bone formation. A joint stimulation with VD3 and strain can decrease proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and increase RANKL expression, which might affect bone remodeling. This study supplies some new data, which might be important in theoretical and clinical research of osteoporosis (OP) and other related bone diseases.

Progress on the mechanisms of antifibrotic effects of PPARγ / 实用肿瘤学杂志

External beam radiotherapy is a major treatment in the management of cancer .However radia-tion induced pulmonary fibrosis is common .It not only leads to quality -of-life issues in survivors and compro-mise treatment ,but also may even be lethal in outcome .Transforming growth factor β( TGF-β) seems to be a key mediator of fibrosis .TGF-βpromotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts while the differentiation and activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblastsmay produce the components of scar tissue, which is one of the key pathogenic processes in lung fibrosis .Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors ( PPARs ) are ligand activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily .PPARγis also a key regulator of fi-broblast differentiation .Many studies have shown that both natural ligand and synthetic ligand of PPARγcan sup-press fibrosis by interfering with TGF -βsignaling and some other approaches .The antifibrotic effects of PPARγhave been reported to be involved in both PPARγdependent and PPARγindependent mechanisms .PPARγago-nists may have potential for the therapy of radiation induced pulmonary fibrosis .

Construction and identification of recombinant RBL-2 H3 cells transfected with hFcεRIα / 中国药理学通报

Aim To construct the stable hFcεRIα/RBL-2H3 cell line expressing human FcεRIα( hFcεRIα) . Methods The human FcεRIα gene was obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo. Then, the pCI-neo-hFcεRIα vector was transfected into RBL-2H3 cells by lipo-somes, and the transfected cells were screened through G418 fil-tration subsequently. Finally, RT-PCR, Western blot and immu-nofluorescence assay were used to determine the result of trans-fection. Results According to the optimized transfection param-eters, the transfection efficiency reached 75. 38%. The results of Western blot, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR showed that hFcεRIα could be expressed in RBL-2H3 cells successfully. Conclusion HFcεRIα/RBL-2H3 cells were successfully con-structed,which will be the experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of IgE/FcεRI and drugs for allergy diseases.

SOME RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Plantago major L. is widely used for the eastern traditional medicine to treat the gastro-intestinal system inflammation, respiratory infection, bleeding and wound healin. We prepared extracts from leaves of Plantago major L. used distilled water and 20%, 30%, 40% , 60% ethanol as an extragent and determined amount of total polysaccharide, total polyphenols and and total flavonoids in each extract. Maximum amount of total polysaccharide, total polyphenols were determined which was used as an extragent 40% ethanol for raw material of Plantago major L. аnd maximum amount of total flavonoid was determined 60% ethanol used as an extragent. From the result of the study was choosed as a suitable extragent for Plantago major L. was 40% ethanol.

ЭМЧИД ХАНДСАН МАРКЕТИНГИЙН ИДЭВХЖҮҮЛЭЛТИЙГ СУДАЛСАН ЗАРИМ ДҮНГЭЭС / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

The world pharmaceutical market will reach nearly USD 1,200 billion by 2016, an increase from the USD 956 billion recorded in 2011. The 10 largest drug companies control over one-second of this market. The drug companiesinvestinhigh cost of promotion, and it uses a variety of promotional strategies to influence physicians’ prescribing decisions. Within this context, medical representatives are the key personnel employed in promoting their products. For example in the USA, drug companies spend $54.5 billion on marketing promotions and they spent more than US$10 billion on representative cost. In Mongolia, medical representatives of foreign countries are increasing over the years. So doctors and pharmacists often receive medicine information from medical representative. But the research about medical representative influence on physicians is not observed. The purpose of the study is evaluating pharmaceutical marketing promotions tended to family health centers/clinics physicians. Random sectional, organized based survey with questions was carried out of physicians of the family health centers/clinics. SPSS-20 and Microsoft office excel programs were used to colligate and processing information. Result, discussion: In 2012 the Libya, an anonymous survey questionnaire was circulated to 1,000 Libyan doctors in selected public and private practice settings in Tripoli, Benghazi and Sebha. A questionnaire return rate of 61% (608 returned questionnaires) was achieved. Most respondents (94%) reported that they had been visited by medical representatives at least ‹once› in the last year. Fifty per cent of respondents met with medical representatives at least once a month, and 20% at least once a week. In 2010 the Germany, 100 physicians in each of three specialties (neurology/psychiatry, general medicine, and cardiology) were surveyed with a questionnaire containing 37 questions. 208 (69.3%) questionnaires were anonymously filled out and returned. The result was 77% (n = 160) of all physicians were visited by PSR at least once a week, and 19% (n = 39) every day. In this study, an anonymous survey questionnaire was circulated to 100 physicians of the family centers/ clinics. A questionnaire return rate of 99% (99 returned questionnaires) was achieved. Most respondents 100% reported that they had been visited by medical representatives at least once in the last years. 55.5% of respondents met with medical representatives at least once a month, so 24.2% at least once a week. So 76.8% questionnaireswere satisfied after having representative meetings are informative, advertising and information include equally among 57.2 questionnaires had complete answers. Conclusions • All respondents met with medical representatives at least once a month. • Content of representatives meetings are equally adverting and informative so it influences positively to them. • 61.2% questionnaireswere satisfied after having representative meetings.

SOME ISSUES OF HOT AND COLD THEORY IN THE “BASIC TANTRA” / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract Before the Oriental medical theories were established as the theoretical and methodological guidance of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, medical knowledge of Mongolians: healthy lifestyle, diagnosis and treatment methods were based on the law of the unity of opposites. The classic example of contrast of things, relationship between hot and cold determines their union and fight with dynamic interaction of two absolute energy forces. The universe is closely related to the power fluctuations of changes in hot and cold (arga and bilig) and its important base, law of interdependence. Humans and thousands of nature substances exist in contrasting flow of the sun and moon. The nature, climate and seasons change following this principle, too. The hot and the cold are within divided into hot and cold as well. In other words, it is the same concept as the cold is in arga and the hot is in bilig. Things and substances are divided into two like this and they are born and die by contrasting nature. For example: it is divided as hotness of the day and coldness of the night while before noon as hotness in arga, afternoon as coldness in arga, before midnight as coldness in bilig and after midnight as hotness in bilig. The theory of hot and cold is a general law of all the things of the universe. Human is an integral element of the universe as it is the living part of it. Therefore, it has the essence of hot and cold and creates harmony. Furthermore, with this research, we tried to clarify the idea that the principle of hot and cold is two sides of biology.

“АЛЛЕРГОН5 МГ” ШАХМАЛ ЭМИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН СУДАЛГАА / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) according respiratory allergic diseases, nasal mucosal disease , which is one factor to create asthma and more than 300 million people become infected is accured in 2012[1]. In 2012, acconding to statistics of the Ministry of Health for our country was noted of 5% of the total population of the allergic disease and astma.Also In 2000, the prevalence of astma among the population was 2.4%, but in 2010 increased by 4.8%. Accordingly , the prevalence of the disease is increasing year by year, that’s why the imported new drug’s of diseases in the market and the need to produce domestically. Domestic market, we used allergic rhinitis, mucosal inflammatory treatment cholorphenamine 4 mg (Monos Industry LLC), Tavegil (Novartis Russia ), ketotifen (So pharma, Bulgaria), letizine 10 mg (KRKa, Slovani), Cetirizine 10 mg (Bertecs pharma, Russian). Letizine 10 mg, Cetirizine 10 mg drugs are contain of Ceterizine dicholoride, widely used in the treatment of foreign drug. Divided in the medical treatment of children aged 2-6 years , these drugs are expected to give a child , so we import the drug entering the appropriate doses of the company with the goal to obtain. For that purpose we determination allergon tablet’s technological process. Conclusion: Technological experiment “Alergon 5 mg ” tablets were selected ingredients of ceterizine dihydrocholoride 0.005 g, glucose monohydrate 0.09444 g, K-30 0.00006 g, magnesium stearat 0.0005 g. According to our study, ”Allergon 5 mg” tablets average weight, weigth range, disintegration, hardness, assay meets the standards set in the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia requirement of “Tablet drug ”.

Study progress of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup)-proteasome system of My cobacterium tuberculosis / 中国人兽共患病学报

Proteasome pathway is another major pathway of protein degradation in addition to lysosome in eukaryotic cell ,which involved a number of physiological functions regulation in cell .Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein was found in My-cobacterium tuberculosis in 2008 .With the effect of co-factor Dop ,PafA and Mpa ,Pup can mark a variety of protein ubiquitina-tion followed by importing them into proteasomal degradation .The target protein of Pup-proteasome system like FabD ,PanB , Ino1 ,Icl ,SodA ,and MtrA are involved with metabolism ,signal transduction pathways ,virulence factors ,pathogenicity and the persistence of bacteria in the host cell .Proteasome inhibitor make the function of proteasome restricted and the accumula-tion of Pup’s labeled substrate result in changes in the expression of gene indirectly ,which impacted the ability of resistance to outside pressure and the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The finding Pup-proteasome system reveals a novel mechanism of protein degradation in prokaryotes ,which is expected to become a new target of treatment of anti-TB drugs . Here ,we summarize the progress on the Pup-proteasome system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis .

Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Psychometric Properties and Sociodemographic Findings in a Large Brazilian Sample / Cuestionario de fuentes de sentido y de sentido de vida: Propiedades psicométricas y aspectos sociodemográficos en una amplia muestra brasileña

This study presents the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe-BR). Participants were 3.034 subjects (63.9% women), ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Reliability analysis, parallel analysis (PA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were employed to evaluate the structure and reliability of the SoMe-BR. Through PA and ESEM, a five-dimension structure for the 26 sources of meaning was achieved. CFAs supported meaningfulness and crisis of meaning as two distinct constructs. Convergent validity within the SoMe-BR and between the SoMe-BR and other scales were also achieved. Regarding the SoMe scores and sociodemographic variables, significant main effects were found for gender, age groups and marital status. Our results corroborate the international literature, which claims in favor of the SoMe as a reliable measure to evaluate meaning in life contents in different cultural contexts.

En este estudio se presentan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión Brasileña del Cuestionário de Fuentes de Sentido y Sentido de Vida (SoMe-BR). Los participantes fueron 3.034 sujetos (el 63.9% mujeres), con edades variando entre 18 a 91 años. Análisis de confiabilidad, análisis paralela (AP), modelaje de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (MEEE) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) fueron utilizados para evaluar la estructura y confiabilidad del SoMe-BR. A través del AP y MEEE fue encontrada una estructura de cinco dimensiones para las 26 fuentes de sentido. El AFC demostró que el 'meaningfulness' y 'crisis de sentido' son dos constructos distintos. Criterios de validad convergente entre el SoMe-Br con otras medidas también fueran adecuadas. En lo que se refiere a los puntajes del SoMe-BR y las variables sociodemográficas, fueron encontrados efectos significativos para género, edad y estado civil. Los resultados corroboran la literatura internacional, que sugiere que el SoMe es una medida fiable para la medición de contenidos relacionados al sentido de vida en contextos culturales distintos.

Clinical Research - Past, Present & Future.

Clinical pharmacology/research has a very interesting history. It started in the 40's of the 20th century through the pioneering work of Harry Gold at Cornell University, New York. Clinical research is an integral part of drug development. Drug development can be hastened by a number of new techniques with reduction in cost. In addition reverse pharmacology approaches for drug discovery have come to occupy a special place. 85% of the neutral antagonists act as inverse agonists. Inverse agonists have a distinct effect on receptor regulation as opposed to neutral antagonists. Orphan receptors constitute about 50% of the GPCRs. It is estimated that now there are nearly 175 orphan receptors after 125 having been deorphanised. Targeting these orphan receptors can lead to about the same number of ligands and antagonists thereof. Polymorphism of cytochrome P450 provides the basis for the use of predictive pharmacogenomics to yield drug therapies that are more efficient and safer. It is estimated that such personalized P450 gene-based treatment would be relevant for 10- 20% of all drug therapy.

SOME ISSUE TREATING LUNG DISORDER ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL BY“SOROOL-4” TRADITIONAL DRUG / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background: In Mongolia, leading cause of morbidity prevalence is respiratory system disease by 2010. The prevalence is 1027,73 per 10000 people. Comparison to 2000, it has been increased by 1,5-2 times. Another word, it shown that respiratory diseases hadn’t been decreased, but progressively increased in the last 10 year.By WHO estimation in 2008, future trend of mortality rate of the respiratory system disease would taken 3rd place in the leading causes of the mortality by 2030. Most common symptoms of the respiratory diseases are cough and sputum.Aim of the study: Aim of this study is to investigate some effects Sorool-4 drug on some respiratory diseases.Method of study: Experimental research method was used in this study. 30 laboratory white mouse, each weigh is 18-22 grams and 40 Vistar species rats, each weigh is 180-220 g were used in the study in where Inner Mongolian National University of China.0.25% Ammonium hydrochloridium solvent was inhaled to each mices for 10 seconds. After 3 day inhalation procedure, Sorool-4 drug was injected 10 grams per kg to mices, and Libexin was administered 4.3mg/kg per one time in next 3 day. During these 3 days, we measured cough for 3 minutes to each mices by ZOLY- 3 devices in everyday.White mices were classified into 3 groups, and then0.1 ml/10gram phenol aldehyde solution 0.2-0.25 ml per each mice injected to abdominal cavity. After 3 day injection, sorool-4 was administered 10 gram per kg and bromhexine 0.12 mg per kg, 3 times a day, for 3 days.Bacterial colony: Coagulase positive S.aureus DU 5789 and coagulase negative mutant DU5843 species were used in this study. These bacterias has stored in-700C in brain and heart infusion, and 10% glycerol and 5% non-fat milk were feed until used.Culture: According to CASH method, some changes were made. S.aureus was cultured in the TSA, BBL agar in +370C for 24 hours and diluted with pure non- endotoxin saline and centrifuged at 3000rpm for 7 days, +40C, 10 min per day. And then again diluted with cold pure saline, and diluted to 2х109-4х109 CFU ml by turbid meter. Prepared suspension has warmed to 450C, and mixed 10 ml suspension with 4% 10ml melted NOBLE agar.Experimental model: 0.2-10ml/10ml/g agar wasinjected to every mice tail vein.To develop cough model, 0.25% ammonium hydrochloridium solution was inhaled 10 sec for 3 days in YLS-8A device. After 3 day, in three groups, mices of the each group coughed mean 25.6±3.6 amount. Sorool-4 drug and Libexin were administered 10mg/kg to treatment group 1 and 4.3 mg/kg to treatment group 2, each respectively. After administration these drugs, counted cough amount of each mice for 3 min in YLS- 8A device in 3 day.Conclusion: Because of amount of sputum of treatment group 1 and 2 is more than control group, Sorool-4 is not efficient as same as bromhexine, but this showed that it has mucus expectorant effect.As shown results, sorool-4 has anti-inflammatory effect. It would be more effective using sorool-4 with antibiotic.

ON THE PHARMACOGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN MONGOLIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background: In Mongolia there are over 800 species of medicinal plants, which have advocated in the Indian- Tibetan traditional system of medicine. These species of plants were classified according to their taste, properties, and virtues, and upon this qualification. [1]In Mongolia treatment of diseases are traditionally done using herbal preparations. In general herbal preparations should show similar advantages like synthetic products. It can be assumted that they show low toxicity, soft activity and also a low range of adverse effects. On account of these aspects the use of herbal preparations became more interested in the treatment of different disease within the last decades.Just this more intensive use of herbs increased a problem, which is connected with it: this is standardization and the quality control of herbal preparations with respect to its biological active ingredients.A lot of medicinal plants have being used in science of medicine for a long time. Specifically Rhubarb has a long history. These are named in Chinese and Tibetan hospitals as: jumza, jumgan, shinshin, chubu-rum.[2] Zygophyllum potaninii is grown in the botanical region of trans-Altai, Alash Gobi of the country. It is known as Khulangiin undaa, Argaliin undaa among the people. [3]Purpose of the study: Purpose of our study is to conduct pharmacognostic study on the aerial and lower parts to define important criterion in quality assurance and to work out project of state standard some medicinal plants.Materials and methods of the study: The upper side of Rheum undulatum L were prepared in July, Saihan sum of Bulgan province, Zygophyllum Potaninii Maxim was collected in July Bayan-Ondor sum of Bayanhongor aimag.Microscopic examination of the plant using Enaval lightmicroscopy.Biological active ingredients were identified by thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectrum. Silica gel GF 254 (Merck) plates were used for thin layerchromatography. The developed TLC were examinedunder UV 254 nm, UV365 nmAmount of total flavonoids and anthraglycoside were defined by spectrophotometer Unicam 5625. Amount of anthraglycoside draw curve of Kobalt chloride GF-XI according to pharmacopoeian article.Results:1. Leaf of Rheum undulatum has dorsiventral structure, handle has thin wall of surface parenchyma in the middle of leaf parenchyma cell whith large. The leaves of Zygophyllum potaninii are isolateral in structure. Vascular bundle of midrib collateral type is nearly ringed. Anamocytic stomata are on both sides.2. It was determined that anthraquinone compound contained in leaf Rheum undulatum. Leaf anthraquinone compound of Rheum undulatum by 58.4%. In Zygophyllum Potaninii rate of total flavonoid yield contained in medicinal plant material, particle size 2 mm, and concentration of dissolver is 70%, in the most suitable condition total flavonoid was determined 1.38%.References:1. Ligaa,U.Medicinal Plants of Mongolia used in Mongolian traditional medicine. Ulaanbaatar2. Khaidav Ts., Meschikova G.A. Mongolian Medicinalplants.Ulaanbaatar. 19883. Medicinal plants in Mongolian medicine. Ulaanbaatar, 1985