RESUMO
AIM: To observe the effect of RBC preservation solution with sodium pyruvate on the morphology, structure and function of RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetes rats. METHODS: Thirty SPF male SD rats, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): non-T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group A), T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group B) and T2DM sodium pyruvate RBC preservation solution (group C). The leukoreduced RBC from the tail vein and stored for 0 d (T0), 7 d (T1), 14 d (T2), 21 d (T3) and 28 d (T4) to detect the morphology, structure and the contents of 2, 3-DPG, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic acid (LA) of RBC in group A, B and C. The RBC stored for 14 days in vitro were labeled with PKH26, and its survival rate were tested in vivo at 1, 4, 10 and 16 hours after intravenous infusion. RESULTS: At T0, the RBC morphology of group A was intact, which was better than that of group B and group C. With the extension of storage time, the morphology of RBC in each group gradually transformed into a spindle-spherical shape. Compared with group A, the incidence of acanthocytes in group B and group C was higher, and the incidence of acanthocytes in group C was lower than that in group B. Compared with group A, the content of 2, 3-DPG in group B and group C decreased, while ROS and MDA increased at different time points (P<0.05). The content of 2,3-DPG in group C was higher than that in group B (P<0.05), and the contents of ROS and MDA were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). LA content in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (P<0.05). At T2-T4, the LA content in group C was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The survival rate of RBC in group A was higher than that in group B and C, and the survival rate of RBC in group B was lower than that in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sodium pyruvate added RBC preservation solution has a certain protective effect on RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect.
RESUMO
Aim To study the effect of sodium pyruvate on apoptosis and autophagy of HT22 in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells under hypoxia conditions. Methods HT22 cells were incubated with different concentrations of sodium pyruvate to detect their cellular activity by MTS; iron staining was used to further observe the effect of sodium pyruvate on HT22 cells in mitochondrial metabolism; lysosomal staining was applied to detect the lysosomal changes of sodium pyruvate on HT22 cells; Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and LC3-II/LC3- I proteins. Results To verify whether sodium pyruvate exerted neuroprotective effects on mouse hippocampal HT22 cells through affecting mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy pathways, which were improved by administration of sodium pyruvate. Conclusions Sodium pyruvate administration under hypoxic conditions can reduce the neuroprotective effect of hypoxic injury by reducing apoptosis and activating autophagy in HT22 cells.
RESUMO
Os antioxidantes atuam no combate aos efeitos nocivos provocados pelos radicais livres, proporcionando melhor qualidade do sêmen fresco e criopreservado. As mudanças de temperatura provocadas durante os processos de congelação e descongelação são responsáveis pelos danos aos espermatozoides, alterando sua viabilidade e fertilidade. O estudo dos antioxidantes, os quais constituem a primeira linha de combate às espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), para a melhora da qualidade do sêmen criopreservado, torna-se de fundamental importância, para desenvolvimento de protocolos padrões e aplicáveis, uma vez que existem muitas controvérsias em relação ao tipo de molécula antioxidante e às doses, o momento adequado para ser acrescentado e possíveis alterações destes aos meios de criopreservação. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o efeito dos antioxidantes: catalase, α-tocoferol e piruvato de sódio adicionados em meio diluidor comercial para melhorar a viabilidade do sêmen bovino criopreservado. Inicialmente foram utilizados três touros, da raça Brahman, selecionados de acordo com o escore de condição corporal e exame andrológico. Oito ejaculados foram colhidos por eletroejaculação e imediatamente avaliados a motilidade e o vigor espermático. Em seguida, foram diluídos conforme os grupos experimentais em meio Botubov® (Botupharma Biotecnologia Animal) com adição do antioxidante piruvato de sódio nas concentrações de 1,5 µM, 3 µM e 5 µM e em seguida, as amostras foram congeladas. Numa segunda etapa, serão utilizados outros antioxidantes e concentrações, conforme descrito: 1) Diluidor BotuBov®; 2) Diluidor BotuBov® contendo 7% de crioprotetor e catalase nas concentrações de 20, 80 e 200 UI; 3) Diluidor BotuBov® contendo 7% de crioprotetor e α-tocoferol nas concentrações de 50 µM, 100 µM e 150 µM; 4) Diluidor BotuBov® contendo 7% de crioprotetor e piruvato de sódio nas concentrações de 1,5 µM; 3,5 µM e 5 µM. Após a descongelação do sêmen com a utilização do piruvato, as amostras foram analisadas quanto à motilidade total e progressiva e vigor espermático. Verificou-se que a adição de piruvato de sódio na concentração de 1,5 µM proporcionou uma melhora nos parâmetros de motilidade total e vigor espermático, demonstrando os benefícios de seu uso.(AU)
Antioxidants act in fighting the harmful effects caused by free radicals, providing better quality of both fresh and cryopreserved semen. Changes in temperature caused during the freezing and thawing processes are responsible for damages to the sperm, changing their viability and fertility. The study of antioxidants, which constitute the first line of combat against reactive oxygen species (ROS) to improve the quality of cryopreserved semen, is of utmost importance for the development of standard and applicable protocols, since there are many controversies regarding the type and the doses of antioxidant molecules, the timing for its addition and likely changes to the cryopreservation media. This paper aims at studying the effects of catalase, α-tocopherol, and sodium pyruvate when added to commercial diluent medium to improve the viability of cryopreserved bovine semen. Initially, three Brahman bulls were selected according to the body condition score and andrological examination. Eight ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation, with motility and spermatic vigor being immediately assessed. Subsequently, the samples were diluted according to the experimental groups in Botubov® (Botupharma Animal Biotechnology) medium with the addition of sodium pyruvate at concentrations of 1.5 µM, 3 µM and 5 µM and were subsequently frozen. In a second step, other antioxidants and concentrations will be used, as follows: 1) BotuBov® Diluent; 2) BotuBov® diluent containing 7% cryoprotectant and catalase at concentrations of 20, 80 and 200 IU; 3) BotuBov® diluent containing 7% cryoprotectant and α-tocopherol at concentrations of 50 µM, 100 µM and 150 µM; 4) BotuBov® diluent containing 7% cryoprotectant and sodium pyruvate at concentrations of 1.5 µM; 3.5 µM and 5 µM. After thawing the semen with pyruvate, the samples were analyzed for total and progressive motility and spermatic vigor. It was found that the addition of 1.5 µM sodium pyruvate provided an improvement in total motility and sperm vigor parameters, demonstrating the benefits of its use.(AU)
Los antioxidantes actúan en el combate a los efectos nocivos provocados por los radicales libres, proporcionando mejor calidad del semen fresco y criopreservado. Los cambios de temperatura provocados durante los procesos de congelación y descongelación son responsables por los daños a los espermatozoides, alterando su viabilidad y fertilidad. El estudio de los antioxidantes, que constituyen la primera línea de combate a las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO), para la mejora de la calidad del semen criopreservado, se hace de fundamental importancia para el desarrollo de protocolos estándares y aplicables, ya que existen muchas controversias en relación al tipo de molécula antioxidante y a las dosis, el momento adecuado para ser añadido y posibles alteraciones de éstos a los medios de criopreservación. Así, este estudio ha tenido como objetivo estudiar el efecto de los antioxidantes: catalasa, α-tocoferol y piruvato de sodio añadidos en medio diluidor comercial para mejorar la viabilidad del semen bovino criopreservado. Inicialmente se utilizaron tres toros, de la raza Brahman, seleccionados de acuerdo con la puntuación de condición corporal y examen andrológico. Ocho eyaculados fueron recogidos por electroejaculación e inmediatamente evaluados la motilidad y el vigor espermático. A continuación, se diluyeron de acuerdo con los grupos experimentales en medio Botubov (Botupharma Biotecnología Animal) con adición de antioxidante piruvato de sodio a concentraciones de 1,5 µM, 3 µM y 5 µM, y luego las muestras se congelaron. En una segunda etapa, se utilizarán otros antioxidantes y concentraciones, según se describe: 1) Diluidor BotuBov®; 2) Diluidor BotuBov® conteniendo 7% de crioprotector y catalasa en las concentraciones de 20, 80 y 200 UI; 3) Diluidor BotuBov® que contiene 7% de crioprotector y α-tocoferol en las concentraciones de 50 µM, 100 µM y 150 µM; 4) Diluidor BotuBov® conteniendo 7% de crioprotector y piruvato de sodio en las concentraciones de 1,5 µM; 3,5 µM y 5 µM. Después de la descongelación del semen con la utilización del piruvato, las muestras fueron analizadas en cuanto a la motilidad total y progresiva y vigor espermático. Se comprobó que la adición de piruvato de sodio en la concentración de 1,5 µM proporcionó una mejora en los parámetros de motilidad total y vigor espermático, demostrando los beneficios de su uso.(AU)