RESUMO
Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar diferentes fontes de silício sob aplicação via foliar (AF) em plantas de orquídea Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata aço. As mudas foram transplantadas imediatamente após serem retiradas de frascos onde foram semeadas in vitro, para casa de vegetação, com 70 por cento de luminosidade, em vasos de plástico com capacidade de 90 cm³ e contendo como substrato casca de arroz carbonizada. Foram avaliados os efeitos das concentrações (0; 0,5; 1,0; e 2,0 mg L-1) e fontes de silício: silicato de sódio (SS) e Supa Potássio® (SP) via foliar e a mistura 1:1 aplicada via foliar. Após oito meses do transplantio foram avaliadas as variáveis número de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea, número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, massa fresca de raiz e massa seca de raiz. Com o aumento nas concentrações de silicato de sódio verificou-se um decréscimo até certo ponto, em todas as variáveis estudadas. Sendo assim, não se recomenda a utilização de silicato de sódio para desenvolvimento de orquídea Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata aço, em casa de vegetação.
Silicon types and concentration and their interactive effects on plantlet growth of orchid Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata were studied. The plantlets from in vitro seeds were maintained in greenhouse, with 70 percent brightness, in plastic pots (90 cm³) filled with charred peel rice. The plantlets were grown on silicon sources concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 mg L-1): sodium silicate (SS) and Supa Potássio® (SP) through foliar sprayings, in all possible combinations. After 8 months the transplant the leaves number, aerial part length, root number, largest root length, root fresh and dry mass were evaluated. With increase in sodium silicate concentrations, a decrease up to a certain point was verified for all the studied variables. Better results for development of orchid plants were verified in the absence of silicon sources.
RESUMO
Sodium silicate is generally used for laundering and dishwashing and for anti-fire and anti-water agents. Liquid forms of sodium silicate (water, glass) have extremely high pH values that the range from 12.5 to 13. Thus, ingestion of this material causes various caustic injuries to the digestive tract. Management of alkali ingestion includes decontamination, dilution, and surgical treatment. A widely performed surgical treatments for these cases are emergency laparotomies for repair of perforations and palliative care for stricture or obstruction of the injured hollow viscus organs. Recently, early and extensive surgical management based on an endoscopic evaluation was introduced for severe alkali injuries. Endoscopy is not only a safe and reliable tool for diagnosis but also is important in the treatment of and the prognosis for alkali ingestion. We report the case of a 48-year-old man presenting to the emergency department with an intentional ingestion of an anti-water agent for cement work. That agent contained sodium silicate. Fiberoptic endoscopy of the upper digestive tract showed severe alkali burns in the stomach, including edema, hemorrhage and necrosis. Surgery was performed to remove the necrotic tissue and to prevent progression to a critical status. We carried out a total gastrectomy, Roux-Y anastomosis, segmental resection of proximal jejunum and a feeding jejunostomy. After the operation, there were no complications associated with either the surgery or the caustic injury. The patient was discharged in good general condition with oral feeding status. In conclusion, for severe alkali ingstion, we recommend early surgical resection of injured organs identified by using an endoscopic evaluation.