Effects of mindful attention awareness on sleep quality of soldiers stationed in plateau areas: Chain-mediated effect of burnout and occupational stress / 环境与职业医学

Background Sleep quality is one of the important factors affecting soldiers’ task performance. Objective To explore the effects of mindful attention awareness, burnout, and occupational stress on sleep quality among soldiers in plateau areas. Methods A total of 1090 soldiers were selected from four units in plateau areas by cluster sampling method and were asked to participate a cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect test were conducted for the study. Results Of the 1090 soldiers recruited, 1082 soldiers returned valid questionnaires, and the valid recovery rate was 99.26%. The median (P25, P75) score of PSQI was 4.00 (2.00,7.00), the median score of OSI was 26.00 (17.00, 34.00), the median score of MBI-GS was 3.53 (3.13, 4.00), and the median score of MAAS was 71.00 (59.00, 82.00). The burnout and mindful attention awareness levels varied among military personnel of different age groups (P<0.05), so did the burnout and occupational stress levels among military personnel of different length of service groups (P<0.05), and the occupational stress, PSQI, burnout, and mindful attention awareness levels among military personnel with different educational backgrounds and genders (P<0.05). The results of mediated effect test showed that occupational stress and burnout had both a parallel mediated effect and a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality, with effect sizes of 15.3%, 21.5% and 31.8%, respectively. Conclusion There is a mediated effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality by the occupational stress and burnout of military personnel in plateau areas, and sleep quality is also affected by mindful attention awareness through the chain-mediated effect of occupational stress and burnout.

Enteral myiasis causing acute dysentery: A case report

@#Enteral myiasis or intestinal myiasis is acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with dipteran fly eggs or larvae. Here, we describe a patient with intestinal myiasis presenting with acute dysentery caused by the larva of Hermetia illucens. The larva was identified morphologically, and its species confirmed through molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI).

Dual application of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Protein-rich animal feed and biological extraction agent for polyhydroxybutyrate

Aims@#The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of rearing substrates on the nutritional content of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) by incorporating Cupriavidus necator cells containing intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in BSFL diet to further increase the protein content and simultaneously to biologically extract the polymer by utilizing the digestive system of BSFL. The potential application of BSFL as a biological PHB extraction agent was determined.@*Methodology and results@#Two feeding strategies consists of a mixture of protein (P) to carbohydrate (C) with a ratio of P50:C50 food waste (control feeding) and feed with bacterial cells (modified feeding). A comparison on the proximate analysis between this research and two commercially available products were conducted. Feeding BSFL with P50:C50 food waste revealed the highest crude protein content of 81.3 ± 0.2%. Additional bacteria cells in the BSFL diet, however, showed a negligible decrease in crude protein content of 0.67% as compared to the control feeding. Howbeit, this results comparably higher in contrast to the commercial products, with increment of crude protein content by 12.1% and 40.8%, respectively.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Two desirable products were obtained from the feeding with cells: (1) high protein content of BSFL and (2) biologically extracted polymer. This is the first study to demonstrate the utilization of BSFL as a biological extraction agent to partially extract biopolymer and increase the protein content by feeding with cells.

Evaluating Southeast Asian Military Camouflage Designs Using Camouflage Similarity Index (CSI)

@#Military camouflage plays a critical survivability component of the front-line soldiers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing military camouflage effectiveness across Southeast Asian countries using Camouflage Similarity Index (CSI). CSI is a color-based image algorithm based on CIELAB color space. The value ranges from 0 to 1 and the best value 0 is achieved if the selected camouflage perfectly blends with the selected background. 10 existing military camouflage designs across Southeast Asian countries were evaluated under 7 different locations (20x50 pixels) from 1 selected woodland background. Each location had different L*, a*, and b* values. Post-hoc Tukey test showed that there was no significant difference between camouflage, indicating that the existing Southeast Asian Military camouflage had equal effectiveness of concealment on the selected woodland background. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the effectiveness of Southeast Asian military camouflages. The results of this study could be very beneficial for Southeast Asian military organizations, academicians, and camouflage manufacturer in terms of finding the enhanced direction from the current design which subsequently enhances the survivability of the front-line soldiers.

Analysis of soldiers' orbital wall fracture surgical treatment in General Hospital of Northen Theater Command / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment fororbital wall fracture of soldiers. <p>METHODS: This study choose 58 soldiers(58 eyes)who had surgical treatments for orbital wall fracture in our hospital from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2018. Their demographic characteristics, causes of injury, fracture sites, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, eye movement, eye prominence, and operative conditions were recorded and statistically analyzed. The patients were followed up for 6mo after treatment. <p>RESULTS: All patients in 58 cases of orbital wall fractures were male. The <i>P</i>50 age of them was 21, and most of them were 20-29 years old(78%). 45 cases(78%)were injured at work, in which boxing injury and impingement injury were the main causes(74%). Simple medial orbital wall, inferior wall and both of the medial and inferior wall fractures were the common types(91%). The visual acuity of all the patients did not change significantly after operation comparing with preoperative visual acuity. According to the clinical data of postoperative CT and postoperative follow up, no implant displacement, infection or other serious complications appeared. Eye movement disorder of 33 patients were improved. Abnormal suborbital perception of 7 patients disappeared. And enophthalmos of 3 patients were corrected. <p>CONCLUSION: Young male soldiers are the main population of orbital wall fracture. It is of great significance to improve the protection in daily training. Surgical treatment for orbital wall fractures has significant therapeutic effect. Furthermore, it is very necessary for primary hospital to develop basic diagnosis and treatment.

Relationship between anxiety sensitivity and psychological health of soldiers: Mediating effect of resilience / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between anxiety sensitivity (AS), resilience and mental health of soldiers. Methods A total of 260 soldiers were selected from an army troop, and were surveyed by anxiety sensitivity index Ⅲ (ASI-3), Conner-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and self-reporting inventory (SCL-90). The relationships of these variables were analyzed by structure equation modeling analysis. Results Totally 240 (92.3%) valid questionnaires were collected. There were no significant differences in AS or mental health between soldiers with different demographic factors including service length, single-child or not, job division, educational level, or residence before entering army (P＞0.05). The total score of SCL-90 and each factor scores of soldiers with high-AS were significantly higher than those with low-AS (P＜0.01). The correlation analysis results showed that the total score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with the total score and each factor score of ASI-3 (rASI ＝0.487, rsomatic＝0.435, rsocial＝0.455, rcognitive＝0.445; P＜0.001), and was negatively correlated with each factor score of CD-RISC (rtenacity ＝0.315, rstrength ＝0.321, roptimism ＝0.227; P＜0.001). Structural equation modeling analysis and Sobel test showed that AS indirectly affected the mental health of soldiers through the mediating effect of resilience (χ2/df＝20.222/12＝1.685 2, P＝0.063, goodness of fit index [GFI]＝0.977, adjusted goodness of fit index [AGFI]＝0.946, normed fit index [NFI]＝0.977, relative fit index [RFI]＝0.960, incremental fit index [IFI]＝0.991, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]＝0.983, comparative fit index [CFI]＝0.990, and root mean square error approximation [RMSEA]＝0.054). Conclusion RS has partial mediating effect on the relationship between AS and mental health of soldiers. More attention should be paid on the mental health of soldiers with high AS, so as to improve their RS and mental health.

Study on the intermediary factors on the influence of personality traits in post-traumatic stress response of armed police soldiers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating role of social support,psychological resilience and rumination between personality traits and post-traumatic stress response,and discover methods for controlling and intervening post-traumatic stress response in armed police soldiers. METHODS: By judgment sampling method,895 armed police soldiers were selected and investigated by simple version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Traumatic Event Scale of Essen Trauma Inventory,Perceived Social Support Scale,Rumination Reaction Scale,Resilience Scale and Impact of Event ScaleRevised. RESULTS: There were 22. 46%( 201/895) of armed police soldiers who had experienced traumatic events. The scores of post-traumatic stress response were( 34. 6 ± 13. 3). The soldiers with light,medium and heavy levels of posttraumatic stress response were 33. 33%,45. 77% and 20. 90%,respectively. The psychoticism and neuroticism dimension in personality traits of soldiers in trauma group were negatively correlated with social support and psychological resilience( P < 0. 01),and positively correlated with rumination and the level of post-traumatic stress response( P < 0. 01). The extraversion dimension in personality traits was positively correlated with social support and psychological resilience( P <0. 01) and negatively correlated with rumination and the level of post-traumatic stress reactions( P < 0. 05). The personality traits had direct effect on the level of post-traumatic stress response( P < 0. 01),but there was no direct effect after adding mediators( P > 0. 05). Through social support,rumination and psychological resilience,personality traits could produce multiple mediating effects on the level of post-traumatic stress response. The social support and rumination showed mediating effect that accounting for 86. 61% of the total mediating effect. CONCLUSION: The social support,psychological resilience and rumination had mediating effect in personality traits and level of post-traumatic stress response.The social support and rumination are two key factors of the intermediate path,which is the main point of psychological rescue and intervention for the armed police soldiers.

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus acupuncture in treatment of naval soldiers with stiff neck: A comparison of effectiveness / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and acupuncture in the treatment of naval soldiers with stiff neck. Methods Fifty naval soldiers with neck stiffness were divided into PNF group and acupuncture group (received PNF or acupuncture treatment, respectively), each group with 25 cases. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of patients in the two groups was compared immediately and at 3 months after treatment, the degree of range of motion was compared immediately after treatment, and the recurrence rate was compared at 5 months after treatment. Results The VAS scores of patients in the two groups immediately after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (1.9 ± 0.5 vs 7.6 ± 1.6, 2 7 ± 0.7 vs 8.0 ± 1. 4; both P0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture has a better immediate effect than PNF in treating patients with stiff neck, but PNF is simple to operate and may reduce the recurrence rate of stiff neck, indicating that PNF can be used as an alternative in the treatment of stiff neck.

Effect of plateau environment on the body compositions of soldiers / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To study the eftect of plateau environment on the body compositions of soldiers.Methods:A total of 120 male soldiers were selected for the study.All of the study subjects received a physical examination between June and November in 2014.Bio-electrical impedance technique was used to measure the subjects' body composition including 33 parameters such as body mass index (BMI) and body fat mass.Results:Compared to that before entering into the plateau,the levels of 31 parameters were significantly lower after entering into plateau,except the distribution of muscles in left lower limb and ECW/TBW in right upper extremity.Conclusion:The body compositions of soldiers may decrease under plateau environment.This phenomenon need to be interfered purposefully to aTange scientific diets and training intensity.

Validity and reliability of the Uighur version of Chinese Soldier Personality Questionnaire / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the Uighur version of Chinese Soldier Personality Questionnaire (CSPQ) in Uygur ethnic group of recruited youtt.Methods:Using the two-way checklist,all the items were judged by professors as their items belonging to test the content validity.Totally 101 Uygur population of permanent residents and totally 102 patients with schizophrenia in remission in sample 1 were tested for discrimination validity analysis.Totally 460 Uygur youths were recruited to complete the Uygur form of CSPQ for subscale normal distribution analysis and reliability analysis in sample 2.Totally 118 students of Urumqi College of Land Army from sample 3 were selected and retested for test-retest reliability with three weeks interval.Results:Uygur form of CSPQ had 283 items and 8 dimensions.Classification and recognition rate judged by professors ranged from 74.6％ to 91.5％.Patients with schizophrenia scored higher than normal people in all scales.Reliability coefficients of the 8 dimensions ranged from 0.69 to 0.91,and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.85 to 0.92.Conclusion:It suggests that Uighur version of Chinese Soldier Personality Questionnaire is of good validity and reliability.

Salud bucal en jóvenes soldados / Oral health in young soldiers

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, descriptivo y transversal en la Comisión de reclutamiento del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer semestre del 2015, con vistas a caracterizar la salud bucal en jóvenes soldados. El universo estuvo constituido por 80 jóvenes de 17-22 años de edad y ambos sexos, a quienes se le aplicó un cuestionario con variables clinicoepidemiológicas, así como una encuesta para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal. La información se procesó mediante el programa Epi Info y se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo etario de 21-22 años con una elevada prevalencia de caries. Se concluyó que estos jóvenes soldados presentaron bajo índice de caries, higiene bucal deficiente y pobre nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema.

An epidemiological, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Recruitment commission of Santiago de Cuba municipality, during the first semester of 2015, with the aim of characterizing the oral health in young soldiers. The universe was constituted by 80 young soldiers aged 17-22 years and both sexes to whom a questionnaire with clinical and epidemiological variables was applied, as well as a survey to evaluate the knowledge level on oral health. The information was processed by means of the Epi Info program and the percentage was used as summary measure. The male sex and the age group 21-22 years prevailed with a high prevalence of decays. It was concluded that these young soldiers presented low decays index, poor oral hygiene and scarce level of knowledge on the topic.

Characterization of Two New Records of Mucoralean Species Isolated from Gut of Soldier Fly Larva in Korea

While surveying the diversity of fungi of the order Mucorales, two isolates, EML-PUKI12-1 and EML-PUKI06-1, were obtained from the gut of soldier fly larvae inhabiting the bulrush at a pond located in the Chonnam National University Arboretum, Gwangju, Korea. The isolates were confirmed as Mucor irregularis and Mucor fragilis species, respectively, based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Such mucoralean species belonging to undiscovered taxa has not previously been described in Korea.

The Disease and Treatment of the Frontline Soldiers in Han Dynasty / 의사학

This paper purports to identify and analyze the medical information of the frontline soldiers in the Northwest borderland provinces of Han Dynasty, especially Juyan and Dunhuang region, through an heuristic reading of the Juyan Bamboo Slips and the Dunhuang Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty. My findings are as follows. The most frequent disease found in the bamboo slips was the external injury. The injury of the frontline soldiers mainly occurred from the quarrels among armed soldiers using weapons. The bamboo slips also demonstrate that the quarrels usually arose due to the fierce tension caused by the frontier line service such as heavy guard activity and labour duty. Undernourishment and chronic stress the soldiers suffered might be another reasons. The second most common disease harassing the soldiers was exogenous febrile disease. In most cases reviewed in this paper, the exogenous febrile disease was usually concurrent with complex symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, etc. The bamboo slips show that the exogenous febrile disease was related to the harsh climate of the Northwest provinces, featuring extremely dry weather and the large magnitude of diurnal temperature fluctuations. In addition, the annual temperature range in the Northwest province was huge, fluctuating between very cold and dry winter and very hot and dry summer. The third most common disease this study identified was the disorder of the digestive system and respiratory system. However, these two types of disease were virtually indistinguishable in the bamboo slips, because the ancient Chinese chroniclers did not distinguish them, usually dubbing both diseases simply 'abdominal pain.' It should be mentioned that a few slips mention contagious disease such as dysentery and dermatolosis, and sudden death, as well. Overall, the bamboo slips demonstrate extremely poor status of the soldiers' heath condition and poor medical environment surrounding the soldiers stationing in the Northwest borderland military camps. The records also show that acupuncture, applying a plaster, drugs were the most common medical treatment. Drugs among them was the most frequently used. Whereas Acupuncture, applying a plaster were very rarely used. Medication has been used in three ways: powdered medicine, medicinal decoction and pill. Medicinal decoction was the most commonly used way.

A comparative study of the effects of group psychological quality training between field soldiers and military students cohorts / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of group psychological training on mental health of military students and field soldiers.Methods A total of 60 students and 48 soldiers received group psychological quality training and studied a textbook Mental Quality Training for armymen for 3 months.Mental Quality Questionnaire for Amymen (MQQA),Symptom CheckList 90 (SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were employed to evaluate mental health and psychological quality of subject before and after the training.All the data were analyzed by independent-samples t test.Results (1) The difference in MQQA score of field soldiers before and after training was significantly larger than that of military students in loyalty and general score,and lower in willpower((-16.58 ± 7.75) vs.(-1.75 ± 8.68),(-27.74 ± 28.74) vs.(-12.57 ± 30.96),P ＜ 0.05).(2) The SCL-90 difference of field soldiers between before and after training was significantly larger than that of military students in hostility and phobic anxiety((0.26 ±0.47) vs.(0.07 ± 0.24),(0.13 ± 0.40) vs.(0.02 ± 0.13),P ＜ 0.05).(3) The difference in emotion score of field soldiers between before and after training was significantly larger than that of military students in SAS,SDS,SAI,TAI and STAI (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The effects of group psychological quality training on field soldier group are better than that of military students,which is helpful to improve mental quality and mental health,as well as to relax anxiety and depression of soldiers.

Effect of adaptive group psychological training on mental quality and emotion of soldiers / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of adaptive group psychological training on mental quality and emotion of soldiers.MethodsA total of 48 soldiers ( experiment group) received group psychological training and read a textbook,Mental Quality Training for soldiers,for 3 months,and the other 45 soldiers served as control group.Armyman mental quality inventory (AMQI),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) were employed to evaluate the mental quality and emotion of soldiers before and after training.All data were analyzed by paired-sample t test.Results ①As compared with pre-training,the AMQI scores of training group increased significantly in bravery ( 71.50 ± 9.59 ),self-confidence ( 68.24 ± 8.36 ),aptitude ( 74.54 ± 10.81 ),loyalty(75.29 ± 8.08 ) and general score ( 359.07 ± 20.30 ) (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and no significant difference were found in those of control group(P ＞ 0.05 ).②When compared with pre-training,the scores of SDS (39.00 ±8.38),SAI(40.14 ±9.92),TAI(41.16 ±7.47) and STAI(81.30 ± 12.52) of training group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01 ) ; and no significant difference was found in those of control group(P ＞0.05 ).ConclusionGroup psychological training can improve mental quality of soldiers,which is helpful to relax anxiety and depression of soldiers.

La desvinculación de 21 niñas soldado de los grupos guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia: interacciónes y significaciones implicadas / The deletion of 21 girls soldier of the Guerrillero and paramilitary groups in colombia: Interactions and significations involved

Este artículo trata sobre las significaciones e interacciones involucradas en los procesos de desvinculación de las niñas soldado. En él se muestra cómo el sentido de la permanencia en los grupos armados ilegales para las niñas soldado es el producto de una negociación entre dos procesos de significación: el que ellas construyeron sobre los grupos armados en su interacción con los otros significativos en su proceso de socialización; y el proceso de significación de sus n ecesidades y expectativas como púberes y adolescentes. Ninguno de estos dos procesos de significación coincide con los fines supuestos de los grupos armados ilegales. Por ello, una vez que se vinculan, las niñas realizan una especie de redefinición de la situación que encuentran en el grupo armado. El proceso de desvinculación se pone en marcha cuando estos "ajustes" ya no se sostienen y se agota el significado de la experiencia. La "carrera" de las niñas, durante su permanencia en los grupos armados, suele atravesar tres momentos lógicos cuya duración y alternancia están acicateadas por factores afectivos, lo cual ocurre de manera diferente en los niños varones combatientes.

This article discusses the meanings and interactions involved in the process of decoupling of girl soldiers. It shows how the sense of permanence in the illegal armed groups for child soldiers is the product of a negotiation between two processes of significance: the one that is built by them about the armed groups in their interactions with significant others in the process of socialization, and another processes of significance about their needs and expectations as puberty and adolescents. Neither of these two processes of meaning coincides with the real purpose of the illegal armed groups. Therefore, once bound, the girls perform a kind of redefinition of the faced situation within the armed group. The disengagement process starts when these "adjustments" are not enough in order to hold the experience and, therefore, its meaning finished. The "race" for girls, while in the armed groups usually goes through three logic times which have a different duration. Its alternation is supported by emotional factors, which occurs differently in soldier boys.

Trends in Body Mass Index and Associations With Physical Activity Among Career Soldiers in South Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002 - 2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers. METHOD: This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixed-regression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity. RESULTS: Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20- 29: 1.16, men aged 30 - 39: 0.61, men aged 40 - 49: 0.05, women aged 20- 29: 0.35, women aged 30- 39: 0.30, women aged 40-49: 0.26, and women aged 50- 59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1- 2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3- 4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.

Construct a path model on coping styles, personality and mental health about female reserve duty soldiers in parade training / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To analysis the relationship among coping styles,personality and mental health of female reserve duty soldiers in parade training,and built a path model on them.Methods Coping style questionnaire ,self check list(SCL-90) and Eysenck personality questionnaires were administered to 264 female reserve duself-blame( r=0.194) effected mental health directly.Self-blame(r=0.230) ,retreat( r=0.197) and illusion( r = 0.322) predicated mental health indirectly by the mediation of neuroticism.Conclusion Coping styles can influence mental health directly,and neuroticism is a mediation variance between coping styles and mental health.

Death due to swine influenza: A forensic autopsy report.

A 29 year male who was working in army (soldier) at Pune, came to his house at Tarntaran (Punjab) on vacations to meet his family where he developed high grade fever, cough, dyspnoea, and was admitted in a private hospital. He was clinically suspected to be suffering from bilateral viral pneumonitis but the diagnosis of viral pneumonitis was never confirmed by laboratory tests in spite of admission in a hospital. Later on he died & the police was informed about his death. The police completed the inquest U/S 174CrPC & the dead body was shifted to the mortuary of Govt. Medical College, Amritsar for post mortem examination. A team of autopsy surgeons conducted the post mortem examination. The dead body was examined; nasal & pharyngeal swabs along with blood sample were taken from deceased and were sent to virology Deptt. , Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh. The laboratory report mentioned the findings in favor of H1N1 virus & cause of death was declared as asphyxia as a result of viral Pneumonia (Species Swine Flu).

Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Irrational Belief and Mental Health of Korean Soldiers / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the association among irrational belief, mental health, and self-efficacy, and explored the mediation of self-efficacy in the relationship between irrational belief and mental health of Korean soldiers. METHODS: A cross sectional study design was employed. The participants were 118 soldiers who signed consent forms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Irrational beliefs were positively correlated with mental health problems, and self-efficacy was negatively correlated with irrational beliefs and mental health problems. Self-efficacy acted as a mediator in the relationship between irrational beliefs and mental health problems. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that effective interventions to reduce mental health problems of soldiers should apply strategies to change irrational belief and increase self efficacy. These results also provide more empirical support to the hypothesis that self-efficacy serves as a mediator in a mental health.