Development and Organoleptic Evaluation of Iron Rich Pancake Premix Using Spirulina and Super Flours

Since ancient times, poor nutrition has been the primary culprit of iron deficiency, especially in the school going adolescent girls. There may be a number of factors that contribute to this. The production of affordable, wholesome, and practical foods is a challenge for the food industry. Spirulina platensis, a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium is a blue-green algae that is considered to be one of the ancient life forms on Earth. To increase the nutritive value and to provide other vital nutrients, best wholesome cereals must be chosen over or in combination with refined flour. Here, quinoas, soy flour and amaranth come in the picture. The preparation of pancake premix and the final product was done in the department of food and nutrition, school of home sciences , BBAU Lucknow in the duration of nine months from September 2023 to May 2023. The assessment was successful and yielded genuine beneficial outcomes. The spirulina pan cakes excel in terms of flavour, aroma, and mouth feel. The panellists found the pancake's green tint to be somewhat objectionable.

In Vitro Release Study of Freeze-Dried and Oven-Dried Microencapsulated Kenaf Seed Oil

Protein malnutrition is a major concern in Bangladesh where there is a high dependence on cereal-based diets. Use of protein-calorie sources of plants like soybean and mushroom as a dietary supplement may provide a solution. This study was designed to formulate a high protein and fibre enriched soy-mushroom health drink powder, and to compare its nutritional contents with locally available health drink powders. Methods: Soy-mushroom health drink powder was developed mainly from soy flour, mushroom, germinated wheat flour, malt extract and milk powder. Three locally available health drink powders were randomly selected. Proximate and microbiological analyses and sensory evaluation were undertaken by standard methods. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy contents of the developed soy-mushroom health drink powder ranged from 3.04-3.96%, 3.23-7.4%, 8.98-21.37%, 1.10-10.13%, 0.04%-1.50%, 59.93-81.58% and 363.54-416.40 kcal/100g, respectively. The soy-mushroom product had the highest content of protein, fibre, energy and the lowest content of carbohydrate compared to the other health drink powders. Based on sensory analysis, the soy-mushroom product showed high acceptability. Microbiological assessment showed the shelf life of this product to be one year. Conclusion: The soy-mushroom health drink powder was nutritionally superior to locally available health drink powders and could serve as a nutritional supplement.

Formulation of a Protein and Fibre Enriched Soy-Mushroom Health Drink Powder Compared to Locally Available Health Drink Powders

Protein malnutrition is a major concern in Bangladesh where there is a high dependence on cereal-based diets. Use of protein-calorie sources of plants like soybean and mushroom as a dietary supplement may provide a solution. This study was designed to formulate a high protein and fibre enriched soy-mushroom health drink powder, and to compare its nutritional contents with locally available health drink powders. Methods: Soy-mushroom health drink powder was developed mainly from soy flour, mushroom, germinated wheat flour, malt extract and milk powder. Three locally available health drink powders were randomly selected. Proximate and microbiological analyses and sensory evaluation were undertaken by standard methods. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy contents of the developed soy-mushroom health drink powder ranged from 3.04-3.96%, 3.23-7.4%, 8.98-21.37%, 1.10-10.13%, 0.04%-1.50%, 59.93-81.58% and 363.54-416.40 kcal/100g, respectively. The soy-mushroom product had the highest content of protein, fibre, energy and the lowest content of carbohydrate compared to the other health drink powders. Based on sensory analysis, the soy-mushroom product showed high acceptability. Microbiological assessment showed the shelf life of this product to be one year. Conclusion: The soy-mushroom health drink powder was nutritionally superior to locally available health drink powders and could serve as a nutritional supplement.

Características físico-químicas de derivados proteicos de soja em dietas extrusadas para cães / Physical-chemical characteristics of soy-protein derived in extruded diets for dogs

A soja é um grão rico em proteínas e lipídeos, a partir do qual se obtém diversos derivados proteicos de alto valor nutricional. Em virtude disso, realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de analisar a composição bromatológica de derivados proteicos de soja, bem como as características físico-químicas dos extrusados formados a partir destes. Foram formuladas seis dietas para cães, uma referência e cinco contendo 30 por cento de derivados de soja (farinha desengordurada - FDS, micronizada, farelo, grão integral e grão tostado), as quais foram extrusadas. Os derivados de soja e as dietas foram submetidos a análises bromatológicas e de qualidade do processamento. A FDS e o farelo de soja apresentaram os maiores teores de proteína bruta, enquanto os grãos de soja integral e tostado e a soja micronizada apresentaram os maiores teores de extrato etéreo em hidrólise ácida e energia bruta. A soja grão integral apresentou a maior atividade ureásica e inibitória de tripsina, mesmo após a extrusão da dieta. Os extrusados contendo as sojas grão e micronizada apresentaram as maiores densidades e as menores durezas, índice de absorção de água e grau de gelatinização do amido. Derivados proteicos de soja apresentam alto valor nutricional, entretanto, devem ser termicamente processados antes da extrusão para completa inativação do inibidor de tripsina. Além do mais, derivados contendo alto teor de lipídeos, como soja grão e micronizada, quando adicionados em 30 por cento da fórmula, comprometem a qualidade do extrusado.

Soy is a grain rich in protein and lipids, from which its obtained different protein products of high nutritional value. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of different soy-protein products, as well as the characteristics of the extruded produced. Six diets were formulated, a reference and five with 30 percent soy product (defatted soy flour - DSF, micronized, soybean meal, crude grain or toasted grain), which were extruded. Soy products and diets were submitted to chemical analyses and process quality. The DSF and soybean meal presented the highest crude protein content, while the toasted and crude soybeans and micronized soy presented the highest acid hydrolyses ether extract and crude energy content. The crude soybean presented the highest ureatic activity and trypsin inhibitor activity, even after the diet extrusion. The soy beans and micronized soy extruded presented the highest density and the lowest hardness, water absorption index and starch gelatinization degree. Soy-protein products present high nutritional value, however they should be heated before extrusion to complete inhibition of trypsin inhibitor. Besides, soy products with high fat content, such as soybean and micronized soybean, when added to 30 percent reduced the extruded quality.

Efecto de la adición de harina de soja y concentrado proteico de suero de queso sobre la calidad del pan y la dializabilidad de minerales / Effect of the addition of soy flour and whey protein concentrate on bread quality and mineral dialyzability

En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la incorporación de harina de soja y de concentrado proteico de suero de queso sobre las propiedades físicas de la masa y sobre la calidad del pan de molde. Se realizaron estudios farinográficos y alveográficos sobre las masas. Los panes fueron evaluados por sus atributos sensoriales a través de un panel entrenado y con relación a sus características nutricionales a través de puntaje químico, lisina disponible y disponibilidad potencial del hierro de fortificación y del zinc y calcio intrínsecos. La incorporación de harina de soja (HS) y de concentrado proteico de suero de queso (WPC) produjeron una importante modificación en las propiedades físicas de la masa. El agregado de WPC a un nivel de 6 por ciento de reemplazo, incrementó el puntaje químico del pan de 40.2 a 41.4, mientras que con 6 por ciento de harina de soja se elevó a 52.2. La mezcla de ambas fuentes proteicas (HS 6 por ciento + WPC 6 por ciento) permitió aumentar ese puntaje químico a 60.0 sin deterioro evidente de las características organolépticas de los panes. Además, la pérdida de lisina disponible que ocurrió con el WPC fue atenuada con la incorporación simultánea de harina de soja. El agregado de WPC si bien incrementó el aporte de Ca, disminuyó la disponibilidad de Fe y Zn. Este efecto negativo sobre el Fe fue superado por el agregado de promotores de la absorción de minerales, siendo el agregado del EDTA el más beneficioso. Por otra parte el agregado de harina de soja al 6 por ciento mejoró el aporte de proteínas sin perjudicar el de minerales.

The effects of the addition of soy flour and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on dough properties and mold bread quality were studied. Farinograph and alveograph were used to evaluate dough properties. Mold bread quality was evaluated by assessing sensory attributes using a trained panel and analyzing some nutritional characteristics, such as: protein chemical score, available lysine, and potential availability of fortified iron and also of the intrinsic calcium and zinc. Addition of soy flour and WPC caused significant changes on dough properties. Chemical score of bread was increased from 40.2 to 41.4 when 6 percent WPC was used, from 40.2 to 52.2 when 6 percent soy flour was added and up to 60.0 when substitution was made with 6 percent WPC plus 6 percent soy flour. This last improvement was obtained without impairing sensory attributes. The highest value of available lysine loss during baking, corresponded to the blend containing WPC, but it was reduced when WPC was used together with soy flour. WPC addition increased calcium content but reduced potential availability of iron and zinc. This negative effect on iron availability was overcome by adding mineral absorption promoters, being EDTA the most effective. On the other hand addition of 6 percent soy flour improved protein value without affecting mineral availability.

Efecto del mejoramiento proteico sobre los parámetros de calidad nutricional y sensorial de galletitas dulces (cookies): [revisión~] / Effect of increased protein content on nutritional and sensory quality of cookies: [review]

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la incorporación de proteínas de suero caseario y de harina de soja sobre los parámetros de calidad de galletitas dulces (cookies). A partir de los resultados obtenidos se define una formulación con un contenido y calidad proteica superior a las formulaciones comerciales y con aceptable calidad sensorial. Se utilizó una formulación de galletitas para molde rotativo, adaptable al sistema de laminación y corte en planta piloto. Sobre la base de esta formulación se realizó el reemplazo parcial de harina de trigo por concentrado proteico de suero caseario y harina de soja. Se utilizó el método de superficie de respuesta para analizar la influencia de estos factores sobre: proteína total, lisina disponible por 16 gramos de nitrógeno total, lisina disponible por 100 gramos de muestra, pérdida de lisina disponible durante el procesamiento y puntaje en evaluación sensorial. El incremento del contenido de agua en la formulación tuvo como efecto un aumento de los valores de lisina disponible por provocar un retardo en el desarrollo de la reacción de Maillard, siendo el 23 por ciento su óptimo de utilización Los valores óptimos de reemplazos con harina de soja y concentrado proteico de suero caseario (CPSC) fueron de 13 por ciento y 3 por ciento respectivamente. Se concluye que la incorporación de harina de soja en galletitas dulces permite un aumento tanto del contenido proteico como de la calidad de la proteína resultante, mientras que, el agregado de CPSC produce un aumento del contenido proteico pero genera una importante disminución de la calidad de estas proteínas debido a la pérdida de disponibilidad de lisina.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of soy flour and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on cookies quality. An optimal recipe showing improved protein quality and content as well as acceptable sensory quality was defined taking into account the results obtained. Rotary moulded cookie formulation adaptable to lamination and cutting in pilot plant was used. Wheat flour from this formulation was partially replaced by whey protein concentrate and full fat soy flour. Second order models were employed to generate response surfaces for: total protein, lysine by 16 grams of total nitrogen, lysine by 100 grams of sample, loss of lysine during processing and sensory evaluation of cookies. We could obtain an effect on available lysine value when water content was increased in the formulation because a delay in the Maillard reaction. The optimal formulation contains 13 percent of full fat soy flour, 3 percent of whey protein concentrate and 23 percent of water. The results demonstrated that the protein content and the protein quality of the supplemented flours were increased when soy flour was added in the formulation of cookies. On other hand, protein content was increased but protein quality was decreased when WPC was used, because of available lysine loss.

Composição físico-química e sensorial de nhoque com farinha de soja e farelo de aveia armazenado sob congelamento / Physico-chemical composition and sensorial characteristics of a gnocchi prepared with soy flour and oat bran, stored frozen

The possibility of preventing diseases by means of diet has interested thefood industry to elaborate products with functional foods. Among these,the soybeans contain isofl avones and oat contains soluble fi bers. Both are nutritious foods which can be ingredients to traditional products. The pastas are products of good acceptance and take part in the traditional eating habits of the population. When prepared with mixed fl ours, they need to maintain: acceptable color, good texture, pleasant taste and little loss of solids during cooking. The aim of this study was to prepare gnocchi with soy fl our and oat bran in order to obtain a frozen pre-processed pasta and assess its sensorial, physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics during preparation and storage. To prepare this gnocchi, six formulations with wheat fl our, durum semolina, soy fl our, oat bran or oat fl our were tested. The F6 formulation, which had better acceptance among others with oat bran, was chosen for quality control (pH, acid index, Aw) and sensorial analyses after periods of 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. A little increase in acidity (from 0.31 to 0.46) was observed, whilst no change in pH and Aw was observed during storage. It was also observed that the gnocchi had good acceptance after 90 days of storage when the proportion of potato/ flour blend was 1.6/1. The fl our blend consisted of 10% wheat fl our, 40% durum semolina, 25% soy fl our and 25% oat bran.

La posibilidad de prevenir enfermedades a travésde la dieta dio lugar a la preocupación de laindustria alimenticia en elaborar productos queutilicen alimentos funcionales. Entre estos, lasoya contiene isofl avonas y la avena las fi brassolubles, alimentos nutritivos que pueden seringredientes de productos tradicionales. Lasmasas alimenticias son productos de buenaaceptación que hacen parte del hábito alimentartradicional de la población, y, cuando elaboradascon harina mixta, deben mantener: coloraceptable, buena textura, sabor agradable y bajapérdida de sus sólidos durante el cocimiento. Elobjetivo de este estudio fue elaborar un ñoqui conharina de soya y salvado de avena para obteneruna masa preprocesada congelada y evaluarsus características sensoriales, físico-químicasy nutricionales durante la producción y elalmacenamiento. En la elaboración del ñoquifueron utilizadas seis fórmulas compuestasde harina de trigo, sémola, harina de soyay salvado o harina de avena, en diferentesconcentraciones. La fórmula F6 fue la que tuvomayor aceptación entre las muestras con salvadode avena y fue la escogida para la realizaciónde las análisis de control de calidad (pH, acidezy actividad de agua) y sensorial en los períodosde 0, 30, 60 y 90 días de almacenamiento. Elanálisis de acidez mostró un pequeño aumento,de 0,31 para 0,46. El pH y la Aw no se alterarondurante el almacenamiento, y fue verifi cada unabuena aceptación del ñoqui, en la proporción1,6:1 papas/mezcla de harinas (10%, 40%, 25%y 25%), respectivamente, trigo, sémola, harina desoya y salvado de avena durante 90 días.

A possibilidade de prevenir doenças por meioda dieta tem atraído a atenção das indústriasde alimentos para elaboração de produtos queutilizem alimentos funcionais. Dentre estes,a soja contém isofl avonas e a aveia as fi brassolúveis, alimentos nutritivos que podem seringredientes de produtos tradicionais. As massasalimentícias são produtos de boa aceitação efazem parte do hábito alimentar tradicional dapopulação; e, quando elaboradas com farinhasmistas devem manter: cor aceitável, boa textura,sabor agradável e baixa perda de sólidos duranteo cozimento. O objetivo desse estudo foi elaborarum nhoque com farinha de soja e farelo deaveia, a fi m de obter uma massa pré-processadacongelada e avaliar as características sensoriais,físico-químicas e nutricionais durante aprodução e armazenamento. Para a elaboraçãodesse nhoque foram utilizadas seis formulaçõesà base de farinha de trigo, semolina, farinha desoja, farelo ou farinha de aveia em diferentesconcentrações. A formulação F6, por ter tidomaior aceitação entre as amostras com farelo deaveia, foi escolhida para realização da análisede controle de qualidade (pH, acidez e atividadede água) e análise sensorial nos períodos de 0,30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento. Observou-separa a análise de acidez um pequeno aumentode 0,31 para 0,46, já para pH e Aw não ocorreuvariação durante o armazenamento, e foiverifi cada uma boa aceitação do nhoque, naproporção 1,6:1 batata/misturas de farinhas(10% farinha de trigo, 40% semolina, 25%farinha de soja e 25% farelo de aveia) após 90 dias de estocagem.