Evaluation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of leaf material of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. and investigation of their proliferation inhibition potential against EAC cell line.

In the present study, antioxidant and anticancer activities of different solvent extracts of an Indian medicinal plant, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (leaf) were investigated. Among the different extracts studied, 70% ethanolic extract of S. campanulata leaf registered high antioxidant activity in terms of phosphomolybdate reducing power (955 FAEA), radical scavenging activity against DPPH (84.67%), superoxide (72.69%), hydrogen peroxide (83.20%) and hydroxyl radicals (70%), when compared to ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. Further, the ethanolic extract illustrated remarkable anticancer activity against EAC cell line (85%) when compared to ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. Ethanol extract showed higher level of total phenolic concentration (9.21 mg FAE/L), which is correlated with the maximum antioxidant activity exhibited by this extract. Due to remarkable antioxidant and anticancer properties, the ethanolic extract of S. campanulata leaf could be considered as a natural source of plant based drug to prevent / treat oxidative stress induced diseases such as cancer.

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Effect of Spathodea campanulata leaf Extracts.

Aim: Spathodea campanulata is a medicinal plant useful in traditional medicine for the treatment and prevention of some diseases of bacterial and non microbial origins. As a result of this, it becomes very important to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant (in vitro and in vivo) activities of the plant leaf extracts by chemical methods to ascertain its potential role in folklore medicine. Study Design: In vitro and in vivo by chemical methods. Methodology: 1.5 kg each of S. campanulata air dried leaves ground to powder was extracted separately with ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether at room temperature (25±2°C). Results: The leaf extracts showed qualitatively the presence of saponin, steroid, flavonoids, glycoside, alkaloids, phenol, tannin, terpenoids, phlobatanin and antraquinone. Amount of quantitative phytochemicals screened from the extracts was more in ethanol followed by aqueous, methanol and was least in petroleum ether. Valuable in vitro antioxidant activities were exhibited by the aqueous, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether extracts in free radical (DPPH), hydroxyl scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant properties. Decrease in values was observed in the in vivo antioxidant assay of glutathione and catalase levels in group of mice infected with Salmonella typhi for three days while there was increase in lipid peroxidation on comparison with negative control value. However improvement in enzymatic antioxidant levels of mice was observed when treated with the plant ethanol leaf extract. The recorded data in the study proposed the use of leaf extract of S. campanulata in traditional medicine hence its inhibition potentials and barrier to generation of free radicals.

Antioxidant activity of Spathodea campanulata (Bignoneaceae) extracts / Atividade antioxidante de extratos de Spathodea campanulata (Bignoneaceae)

Spathodea campanulata is used in traditional medicine in Africa as diuretic and anti-inflammatory. Although few studies have reported the mechanism of antioxidant action, this study evidenced the antioxidant activity of S. campanulata bark and flower extracts and their possible mechanism of action. Ethanol extracts of S. campanulata bark and flowers showed antioxidant activity on lipid peroxidation of liver microsome induced by Fe3+-ascorbic acid. Bark extract was 5 times more efficient than flower extract. The antioxidant activity of flower extract, previously complexed with increasing concentrations of Fe3+ (20 - 100 µM) which resulted in antioxidant activity loss, was shown to be related to iron complex formation. In contrast, the antioxidant activity of bark extract was not inhibited by the previous incubation with Fe3+, although complexation was demonstrated by spectral analysis of the solution. These results suggest an antioxidant mechanism other than Fe3+ complex formation. Therefore, the antioxidant mechanisms of S. campanulata flower and bark extracts are distinct from each other, reflecting the extract heterogeneous composition and the mechanism of action.

Spathodea campanulata é usada na medicina popular na África como diurético e antiinflamatório. Embora poucos estudos relatem o mecanismo de ação antioxidante, neste trabalho foi evidenciado a atividade antioxidante dos extratos da casca e da flor da S. campanulata e o possível mecanismo de ação. Os extratos etanólicos da casca e da flor da S. campanulata mostrou possuir atividade antioxidante sobre a lipoperoxidação de microssoma hepático induzida por Fe3+-ácido ascórbico. O extrato da casca foi 5 vezes mais eficiente que da flor. O extrato da flor foi previamente complexado com concentrações crescentes de Fe3+ (20 - 100 µM) o qual resultou na perda da atividade antioxidante, demonstrando que esta está relacionada com a formação de complexo com o ferro. Por outro lado, a atividade antioxidante do extrato da casca não foi inibida pela prévia incubação com o ferro, embora haja a formação do complexo evidenciado pela análise espectral da solução. Estes resultados sugerem que o mecanismo antioxidante seja outro que não a complexação com o Fe3+. Portanto, o mecanismo antioxidante dos extratos da flor e da casca da S. campanulata é distinto entre si o que reflete a composição heterogênica do extrato e o mecanismo de ação.

Comparative phytochemical screening of flowers and bark of spathodea campanulata.

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicines. Researches conducted in last few decades on the plants mentioned in ancient literature or used as folk medicines have shown potential of phytoconstituents in treatement of various diseases. Spathodea campanulata is a plant that has been frequently used as a medicine which belongs to the genus Spathodea and family Bignoniaceae. Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) flowers and bark are used traditionally in the treatment of Mental disorders, Malaria, Hemorrhoids, Bacterial infections, HIV, Poor blood circulation, Gastro-intestinal diseases, Respiratory ailments, Genital-urinary system disorders etc. The Comparative Preliminary Phytochemical Screening Study of flowers and bark of Spathodea campanulata has been summarized in the present article.

Iridoid glucoside and antifungal phenolic compounds from Spathodea campanulata roots / Iridóide glicosilado e derivados fenólicos antifúngicos isoladosdas raízes de Spathodea campanulata

The chemical study of Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) roots peels afforded an iridoid glucoside(ajugol) and two phenolic derivatives (p-hydroxy-benzoic acid and methyl p-hydroxy-benzoate). Thecompounds were characterized upon spectral data interpretation. Bioactivities of the constituents wereevaluated against fungus Cladosporium herbarum.

O estudo químico das cascas das raízes de Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) conduziu ao isolamentode um irióide glicosilado (ajugol) e dois derivados fenólicos (ácido p-hidroxi-benzóico e p-hidroxi-benzoato demetila). Os compostos foram identificados com base na interpretação dos seus dados espectrais. A atividadebiológica destes constituintes foi avaliada contra o fungo Cladosporium herbarum