Developing curriculum of speciality of education and rehabilitation using WHO rehabilitation competency framework / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) of the speciality of education and rehabilitation (SER-RCF) based on World Health Organization RCF, to innovate the curriculum system. MethodsThe competency for undergraduate level professionals in the speciality of education and rehabilitation were analyzed to develop curriculum using RCF theory and methodology. ResultsTalent training was a kind of competency-based and outcome-based education. SER-RCF integrated the competencies and activities in the areas of professionalism, practice, learning and development, management and leadership, and research required for professional work in education and rehabilitation around core values and beliefs. It also designed the training objectives of the speciality of education and rehabilitation: to be ethical and correct, to be physically and mentally healthy, to have a solid foundation, to be sustainable, to be co-operative and enjoyable, and to be reflective and enquiring. SER-RCF played a central role in developing the curriculum system of rehabilitation, education and psychology, and practice. ConclusionReshaping the undergraduate level curriculum system of education and rehabilitation based on RCF is not only the implementation of the construction concept of new medicine and new liberal arts, but also can effectively connect with the international standard of rehabilitation higher education.

Correlation between Surgical Risk Scales with Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Independence in Patients Submitted to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract Background The European Heart Surgery Risk Assessment System (EuroSCORE) and InsCor have been used to predict complications of cardiac surgery. However, their application to predict lung function and functionality is still uncertain. Objective To correlate surgical risk scales with functional independence and pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. In the preoperative period, the two surgical scales were applied, the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured, and functionality was assessed using the functional independence measure (FIM). On the seventh postoperative day, the pulmonary function and functionality variables were reevaluated, compared with the preoperative values (delta) and correlated with the risk scales. Correlations of pulmonary function, functional independence and muscle strength variables with the surgical scales were made by Pearson correlation test. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results Thirty-one patients were studied; most were male (77%), with a mean age of 56±8 years. Mean EuroSCORE was 2.3±0.5 and mean InsCOR was 1.2±0.5. MIP, MEP, and PEF reduced 30% (p<0.001), 33% (p<0.001) and 10% (p=0.23), respectively. The EuroSCORE correlated with MIP (r-0.78; p = 0.02) and FIM (r-0.79; p <0.01), and the InsCor correlated with MIP (r-0.77), MEP (r-0.73) and MIF (r-0.89; p=0.02). Conclusion The EuroSCORE showed a strong negative correlation with MIP and FIM, while InsCor had a strong negative correlation with MIP, MEP and FIM. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Relación de la industria farmacéutica con los médicos residentes de la República Dominicana / Relationship of the Pharmaceutical Industry with the Medical Residences of the Dominican Republic

Introducción: las relaciones médicas con la industria farmacéutica son cada vez más complejas y los desafíos éticos que plantea son reales. Objetivo: conocer la relación que existe entre la industria farmacéutica con los médicos residentes del país y el impacto que pudiera tener esta relación. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta electrónica anónima. Se consideró la participación si confirmaban el llenado de la encuesta, que estuvo disponible durante abril y mayo de 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se aseguró la confidencialidad y el anonimato de los datos. Resultados: se encuestaron 77 médicos residentes del país; 55.8 % recibe semanalmente visita del representante farmacéutico. Al menos cinco veces al año recibieron obsequio (49.4 %), participaron en comida, cena u otro eventosocial (48.1 %), participó en charla financiada por empresa farmacéutica (57.1 %). 40.3 % recibieron una vez al año el pago por parte de la industria farmacéutica, de inscripción/ viaje a algún evento (congreso, jornada, etc.). Están de acuerdo en que los regalos/propuestas de la industria farmacéutica influyen en la prescripción de los medicamentos (20.8 %), considera bien aceptar pago de eventos (45.4 %), refirieron que en su residencia se suelen aceptar regalos y ofertas y no ha tenido un espacio formativo sobre relaciones con la industria farmacéutica (89.6 %). Conclusión: existe un alto nivel de contacto de los médicos residentes con la industria farmacéutica, es necesario más y mejor formación en manejo de conflictos de intereses en la práctica profesional.

Introduction: Medical relationships with the pharmaceutical industry are increasingly complex and the ethical challenges it poses are real. Objective: To know the relationship that exists between the pharmaceutical industry and the resident doctors of the country and the impact that this relationship could have. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, through anonymous electronic survey participation was considered if they confirmed the completion of the survey that was available during April and May 2019. A descriptive analysis was conducted and the confidentiality and anonymity of the data was ensured. Results: 77 resident physicians of the country were surveyed; 55.8% receive a weekly visit from the pharmaceutical representative. At least 5 times a year they received a gift (49.4%), participated in a meal, dinner or other social event (48.1%), participated in a talk funded by a pharmaceutical company (57.1%). 40.3% received once a year the payment by the FI, of registration / trip to an event (congress, day, etc.). They agree that the gifts / proposals of the pharmaceutical industry influence the prescription of the medicines (20.8%), consider accepting payment of events (45.4%), they said that in their residence they usually accept gifts and offers of the pharmaceutical industry and has not had a training space on relations with the pharmaceutical industry (89.6%). Conclusion: There is a high level of contact of resident physicians with the Pharmaceutical Industry, it is necessary more and better training in handling conflicts of interest in professional practice

Integração ensino- trabalho- cidadania: vivência de alunos de graduação em fisioterapia / Integration among education, work and citizenship: experience of physical therapy graduate students / Integración enseñanza-trabajo-ciudadanía: experiencia de estudiantes de grado en fisioterapia

A Integração Ensino-Trabalho-Cidadania (IETC) é uma proposta de ensino de abordagem diversificada e que prevê interação entre as esferas prática e teórica, buscando ampliar a capacidade de resolução de problemas a partir de situações reais, e abordando a importância da cooperação e trabalho em equipe. Este estudo objetiva relatar a vivência de estudantes de fisioterapia durante o processo ensino aprendizagem por intermédio da IETC. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, elaborado no contexto das disciplinas Integração Ensino-Trabalho e Fisioterapia na Atenção Básica, ministradas no segundo período do curso de graduação em fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (Unifeso). A IETC foi implementada no ano de 2018 nos cursos do Centro de Ciências em Saúde, inicialmente objetivando potencializar e fortalecer a proposta da integração ensino e trabalho na comunidade do conjunto habitacional da Fazenda Ermitage, no município de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro. Nesse contexto, as atividades acadêmicas desenvolvidas têm como principal público-alvo os moradores, vítimas da tragédia natural de 2011. Os cenários de aprendizagem por meio da IETC constituíram-se espaços de cuidado, conhecimento e cidadania, incrementando a formação profissional dos estudantes. Especificamente, os alunos de fisioterapia vivenciaram abordagens educativas, ações assistenciais, individuais, coletivas, bem como diferentes práticas no campo técnico e de pesquisa. Assim, considera-se que a formação acadêmica com pensares e ações sociais promove uma perfeita interação entre discentes, docentes, gestores e a população, criando um cenário de prática humanitária e resolutiva.

Integration among Education, Work and Citizenship is a teaching proposal in the formation of future professionals, having a diversified approach between practice and theory and seeks to amplify the capacity of problem resolution starting from real situations by addressing the importance of cooperation and teamwork. This study aims at reporting the experience of physical therapy students during the teaching-learning process by IETC. This is an experience report, elaborated on the context of the subjects of Integration among Education, Work and Citizenship and Physical Therapy on Basic Attention, ministered on the 2nd term of the Physical Therapy undergraduation course at Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO). The Integration among Education, Work and Citizenship was implemented in 2018 in the courses of the Sciences in Health Center from UNIFESO, first aiming at empower and strengthen the education and work integration, in the housing community at Fazenda Ermitage in the city of Teresópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In that context, the academic activities performed had as main target assist the residents, victims of the natural disaster of 2011. The learning scenario through, constituted spaces of care, learning and citizenship, incrementing professional formation in the students. Specifically, the physical therapy students experienced over educational approach, individual and collective assistance actions and different practices in the technical and research field. The academic formation with thoughts and social actions promote a perfect interaction between students and teachers, managers and the population, thus creating a scenario of humanitarian and resolutive practice.

La Integración Enseñanza-Trabajo-Ciudadanía (IETC) es una propuesta de enseñanza que tiene un enfoque diversificado y que busca una interacción entre las esferas práctica y teórica con el propósito de expandir la capacidad de resolución de problemas desde situaciones reales, abordando la importancia de la cooperación y el trabajo en equipo. El estudio tiene como objetivo informar la experiencia de los estudiantes de fisioterapia durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje por medio de IETC. Este es un informe de experiencia, preparado en el contexto de las disciplinas Integración Enseñanza-Trabajo y Fisioterapia en Atención Primaria, impartidas en el segundo período del curso de grado en fisioterapia en Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO). El IETC se implementó en 2018 en los cursos del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, inicialmente con el objetivo de mejorar y fortalecer la propuesta para la integración de la educación y el trabajo en la comunidad del complejo de viviendas Fazenda Ermitage en municipio de Teresópolis (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Las actividades académicas se destinaban a los residentes en esta zona, víctimas del desastre natural de 2011. Los escenarios de aprendizaje mediante IETC constituyeron espacios de atención, conocimiento y ciudadanía, aumentando la educación profesional de los estudiantes. Específicamente, los estudiantes de fisioterapia experimentaron enfoques educativos, acciones de atención, individuales, colectivas, así como diferentes prácticas en el campo técnico y de investigación. La formación académica con pensamientos y acciones sociales promueve una interacción perfecta entre estudiantes, docentes, directivos y la población, así se crea un escenario de práctica humanitaria y decidida.

A equoterapia como recurso fisioterapêutico junto a indivíduos com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral / Equine-assisted therapy as a physiotherapy research next to individuals with diagnosis of cerebral paralysis

Introdução: A equoterapia é um método terapêutico utilizado na reabilitação e educação de pessoas com necessidades especiais e/ou portadoras de deficiência, caracterizado pelo uso do cavalo e por uma abordagem multidisciplinar, voltada ao desenvolvimento biopsicossocial do indivíduo. Objetivo: Compreender as repercussões biopsicossociais da equoterapia na reabilitação de indivíduos diagnosticados com paralisia cerebral, tomando como eixo de análise os ganhos físicos, sociais e psicológicos. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, observacional e descritivo, com delineamento quanti-qualitativo, realizado no Centro Interdisciplinar de Equoterapia (CIEQ-PA), em Belém/PA, mediante a aplicação de questionários com 10 responsáveis/acompanhantes, 6 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional e 1 fisioterapeuta. Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva simples e através da organização das respostas por categorias empíricas. Resultados: A pesquisa revelou que a equoterapia trouxe benefícios físicos, psicológicos e sociais às pessoas com diagnóstico de PC, com destaque para a melhora da postura e equilíbrio, bem como das interações sociais, o que reflete sua importância como uma estratégia para potencializar a inclusão social desses indivíduos. Conclusão: Os achados demonstram que se trata de uma modalidade terapêutica transversal e um campo de atuação da fisioterapia com impactos positivos na reabilitação biopsicossocial e no desenvolvimento global dos indivíduos. (AU)

Introduction: Equine therapy is a therapeutic method for the rehabilitation and education of people with special needs and/or disabled, using the horse in a multidisciplinary approach, focused on the biopsychosocial development of the individual. Aim: To understand the biopsychosocial repercussions of equine therapy in the rehabilitation of individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy, taking physical, social and psychological gains as their axis of analysis. Methods: An exploratory, observational and descriptive study was carried out with a quantitative-qualitative design, held at the Interdisciplinary Center for Equine Therapy (CIEQ-PA), in Belém/Pará, through the application of questionnaires with 10 responsible/accompanying persons, 6 professionals from the multiprofessional team and 1 physiotherapist. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and by organizing the answers by empirical categories. Results: The research revealed that equine therapy is an important therapeutic strategy that brings physical, psychological and social benefits to PC patients, with emphasis on improved posture and balance, as well as social interactions, which reflects its importance as a strategy for enhancing social inclusion of these individuals. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that this is a cross-sectional therapeutic modality and a field of physical therapy with positive impacts on biopsychosocial rehabilitation and overall development of individuals. (AU)

Desfechos funcionais após craniectomia descompressiva secundária à acidente vascular encefálico / Functional outcomes after secondary decompressive craniectomy to vascular brain accident

Introdução: A craniectomia descompressiva (CD) é o procedimento cirúrgico capaz de reduzir a mortalidade em pacientes com edema cerebral secundário a um AVE maligno, porém não garante a recuperação funcional. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e funcional de pacientes submetidos a CD durante o tempo de internação hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em uma Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (U-AVC) no período de setembro de 2018 a março de 2019. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos, estudo detalhado dos prontuários e dados referentes à funcionalidade, incapacidade e alcances funcionais por meio de questionários e avaliação física e neurológica. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 21 participantes. A maioria do sexo masculino, idade média de 55±10 anos, casados, baixa escolaridade, exerciam algum tipo de atividade remunerada com renda de um a dois salários mínimos. Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo e sobrepeso. Durante o período de internação hospitalar, a maioria dos pacientes evoluiu com altos índices de incapacidade e baixos níveis de independência e funcionalidade cognitiva e motora. Conclusão: Além de apresentarem combinações de diferentes fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento de AVE, a maioria dos pacientes avaliados apresentaram altos índices de incapacidade e baixos níveis de independência e funcionalidade, necessitando de assistência máxima ou total para realizar a maioria de suas atividades de vida diária. (AU)

Introduction: Decompression craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure that can reduce mortality in patients with cerebral edema secondary to malignant stroke, but does not guarantee functional recovery. Objective: To describe the clinical and functional profile of patients undergoing DC during their hospital stay. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in a Stroke Unit from September 2018 to March 2019. Sociodemographic data, detailed study of medical records, and data on functionality, disability and functional range were collected through questionnaires and physical and neurological evaluation. Results: The sample consisted of 21 participants. Most were male, mean age 55 ±10 years, married, with low education, had paid activity with income of one to two minimum wages. The most prevalent risk factors were systemic arterial hypertension, smoking, alcoholism, physical inactivity and overweight. During hospitalization, most patients evolved with high levels of disability and low levels of independence and cognitive and motor functionality. Conclusion: In addition to presenting combinations of different risk factors related to the development of stroke, most of the patients evaluated had high levels of disability and low levels of independence and functionality, requiring maximum or total assistance to develop most of their daily living activities. (AU)

Correspondence of nurses and physiotherapists records for orthopedic patients with the Nursing Outcomes Classification / Correspondencia entre registros de enfermeras y fisioterapeutas para pacientes ortopédicos con la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería / Correspondência dos registros de enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas para pacientes ortopédicos com a Nursing Outcomes Classification

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correspondence of the terms found in nurses' and physiotherapists' records for orthopedic patients with the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Method: A descriptive study carried out in a university hospital in southern Brazil. The sample consisted of 392 records of 49 patients submitted to Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Data collection was retrospective in the electronic health record. Data was analyzed and compared with the NOC outcomes using the cross-mapping method. Result: The most prevalent outcomes were the following: Pain Level, Falls Occurrence and Mobility. There was sharing of outcomes between the two categories, except for Falls Occurrence and Respiratory Status. Conclusion: Standardizing nurses' and Physiotherapists' records according to the NOC can improve the quality of the clinical documentation of the outcomes of patients undergoing THA.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la correspondencia entre los términos encontrados en los registros de enfermeras y fisioterapeutas para pacientes ortopédicos con la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (Nursing Outcomes Classification, NOC). Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La muestra consistió en 392 registros correspondientes a 49 pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera (ATC). L recopilación de datos fue retrospectiva en el registro de salud electrónico. Los datos se analizaron y compararon con los resultados de la NOC por medio del método de mapeo cruzado. Resultado: Los resultados más frecuentes son los siguientes: Nivel del dolor, Caídas y Movilidad. Hubo intercambio entre las dos categorías, a excepción de Caídas y de Estado respiratorio. Conclusión: La estandarización de los registros de enfermeras y fisioterapeutas según la NOC puede mejorar la calidad de la documentación clínica de los resultados de los pacientes sometidos a ATC.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correspondência entre os termos encontrados nos registros de enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas para pacientes ortopédicos com a Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Método: Estudo descritivo realizado em um hospital universitário. A amostra foi de 392 evoluções para 49 pacientes submetidos à Artroplastia Total de Quadril (ATQ). A coleta de dados foi retrospectiva em prontuário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados e comparados com os resultados da NOC, segundo o método de mapeamento cruzado. Resultado: Identificaram-se 10 resultados da NOC, sendo os mais prevalentes: Ocorrência de quedas, Mobilidade e Nível de dor. Houve compartilhamento de resultados entre as duas categorias, com exceção da Ocorrência de quedas e Estado respiratório. Conclusão: Padronizar os registros de enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas segunda a NOC pode aprimorar a qualidade da documentação clínica dos resultados dos pacientes submetidos à ATQ.

Pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas: confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores / Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures: intra- and inter-rater reliability

Introdução: Pressões estáticas ventilatórias máximas são mensuradas pelo manômetro/ manovacuômetro, expressam a força dos músculos ventilatórios em cmH2O. Objetivos: Verificar a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores das PImáx e PEmáx. Métodos: Constituiu-se amostra randomicamente (n=70). Dois examinadores independentes, executaram três medições intradia (consistência interna) e duas interdias (estabilidade). O instrumento utilizado para medir as PImáx e PEmáx foi um manovacuômetro digital MDV®300 (MDI/Brasil) de intervalo operacional de ±300 cmH2O. Calcularam-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e o erro típico da medida, a significância adotada foi de P ≤ 0,05 e o pacote estatístico usado foi SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Consistência interna: intra examinador PImáx CCI = 0,97 e ETM(ETM%) = 6,71(6) e PEmáx CCI = 0,95 e ETM(ETM%) = 10,92(8); interexaminadores da PImáx CCI = 0,98 e ETM(ETM%) = 5,41(5) e PEmáx CCI = 0,96 e ETM(ETM%) = 8,82(7). Estabilidade: intra examinador da PImáx CCI = 0,95 e ETM (ETM%) = 7,92(7) e PEmáx CCI = 0,93 e ETM(ETM%) = 12,34(9); interexaminadores da PImáx CCI = 0,96 e ETM(ETM%) = 6,36(6) e PEmáx CCI = 0,93 e ETM(ETM%) = 11,75(9). Todas as análises estatísticas foram (P = 0,0001). Conclusão: PImáx e PEmáx têm confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores adequada à prática clínica. (AU)

Introduction: Maximal static respiratory pressures, measured using a manometer, express the strength of respiratory muscles in cmH2O. Objective: To assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of MIP and MEP. Methods: A random sample was used (n=70). Two independent raters performed three intraday (internal consistency) and two interdays (stability) measurements. The instrument used to measure the MIP and MEP was a digital manometer MDV®300 (MDI/Brazil), with a pressure range of ±300 cmH2O. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated, the significance was P ≤ 0.05 and the statistical package used was SPSS 20.0. Results: Internal consistency: intra-rater MIP ICC = 0.97 and SEM (SEM%) = 6.71(6) e MEP ICC = 0.95 and SEM(SEM%) = 10.92(8); inter-rater MIP ICC = 0.98 and SEM(SEM%) = 5.41(5) and MEP ICC = 0.96 and SEM(SEM%) = 8.82(7). Stability: intra-rater MIP ICC = 0.95 and SEM (SEM%) = 7.92(7) and MEP ICC = 0.93 and SEM(SEM%) = 12.34(9); inter-rater MIP ICC = 0.96 and SEM(SEM%) = 6.36(6) and MEP ICC = 0.93 and SEM(SEM%) = 11.75(9). All statistical analyses were (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: MIP and MEP have adequate intra-and inter-rater reliability for clinical practice. (AU)

Mexican ENARM: performance comparison of public vs. private medical schools, geographic and socioeconomic regions / ENARM: comparación del desempeño de escuelas de medicina públicas y privadas, regiones geográficas y socioeconómicas

Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to compare the performance in the National Assessment for Applicants for Medical Residency (ENARM in spanish) of private versus public medical schools, geographic regions and socioeconomic levels by using three different statistical methods (summary measurements, the rate of change and the area under the receiver operator characteristics [AUROC]). These methods have not been previously used for the ENARM; however, some variations of the summary measurements have been reported in some USA assessments of medical school graduates. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study based on historical data (2001-2017). We use summary measures and colour-filled map. The statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient (Rs), and linear regression. Results: A total of 113 medical schools were included in our analysis; 60 were public and 53 private. We found difference in the median of total scores for type of schools, MD= 54.07 vs. MD= 57.36,p= 0.011. There were also significant differences among geographic and socioeconomic regions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Differences exist in the total scores and percentage of selected test-takers between type of schools, geographic and socioeconomic regions. Higher scores are prevalent in the Northeast and Norwest regions. Additional research is required to identify factors that contribute to these differences. Unsuspected differences in examination scores can be unveiled using summary measures.

Resumen: Objetivo: Comparar el desempeño en el Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) de escuelas de medicina privadas y públicas, regiones geográficas y niveles socioeconómicos mediante el uso de tres métodos estadísticos diferentes (medidas de resumen, tasa de cambio y el área bajo las características del operador receptor [AUROC en inglés]). Estos métodos no han sido utilizados previamente para el ENARM; sin embargo, se han informado algunas variaciones de las mediciones de resumen en algunas evaluaciones de graduados de medicina de Estados Unidos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal basado en datos históricos (2001-2017). Se usaron medidas de resumen y un mapa lleno de color. El análisis estadístico incluyó Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rs). Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 escuelas de medicina en el análisis; 60 eran públicas y 53 privadas. Se encontraron diferencias en la mediana de las puntuaciones totales para el tipo de escuelas, MD= 54.07 vs. MD= 57.36,p= 0.011. También hubo diferencias significativas entre las regiones geográficas y socioeconómicas (p<0.05). Conclusiones: Existen diferencias en los puntajes totales y el porcentaje de examinados seleccionados entre el tipo de escuelas, regiones geográficas y socioeconómicas. Las puntuaciones más altas prevalecen en las regiones noreste y noroeste. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales para identificar los factores que contribuyen a estas diferencias. Las diferencias insospechadas en los puntajes de los exámenes se pueden revelar usando medidas de resumen.

Comportamento cardiovascular em hemiparéticos crônicos durante a fisioterapia de grupo no formato de circuito de treinamento / Cardiovascular behavior in chronic hemiparesis during group therapy in circuit training format

Introdução: A Fisioterapia de Grupo em Circuito de Treinamento (FGCT) é um modelo de terapia para hemiparéticos, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para avaliar seus efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular e a funcionalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento cardiovascular e a funcionalidade de hemiparéticos crônicos submetidos à FGCT. Métodos: Estudo transversal, (n = 13), consiste em 10 estações de FGCT. Foi calculada a frequência cardíaca média (FCmed), frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) e classificada a frequência cardíaca de treinamento. Os testes funcionais foram realizados no início da sessão. Foi realizada correlação entre os testes funcionais e as FCmed, FCmáx e a comparação da frequência cardíaca (FC) durante as estações e os intervalos entre elas. Resultados: 92,3% dos voluntários foram classificados como intensidade de treinamento muito leve ou leve. Houve significância estatística entre FCMed da 1ª estação quando comparada com a última (p < 0,01). Conclusão: A intensidade de treinamento de hemiparéticos submetidos à FGCT foi de muito leve a leve, com diferença significante entre a FCmed da 1ª estação quando comparada com a última. Não foi observada correlação da FCmed com a funcionalidade. (AU)

Introduction: Physiotherapy Group in Circuit Training (PGCT) is a model of hemiparetic therapy, but further studies are needed to assess its effects on the cardiovascular system and functionality. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular behavior and the functionality of chronic hemiparetics submitted to PGCT. Methods: A cross-sectional study, (n = 13), consists of 10 PGCT stations. Mean heart rate (HRM), maximum heart rate (HRmax) and heart rate of training were calculated. Functional tests were performed at the beginning of the session. A correlation was performed between the functional tests and HRM, HRmax and heart rate (HR) comparison during the seasons and intervals between them. Results: 92.3% of the volunteers were classified as very light or light training intensity. There was statistical significance between HRM of the 1st station when compared with the last station (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The intensity of hemiparetic training submitted to PGCT was very light to light, with a significant difference between the FCmed of the 1st station when compared to the last one. No correlation of HRM with the functionality was observed. (AU)

Gua-sha: application and therapeutic results in musculoskeletal pain situations. Systematic review / Gha-sha: aplicação e seus resultados terapêuticos em condições dolorosas musculoesqueléticas. Revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gua-sha is a Traditional Chinese Medicine technique, which consists of scraping the skin with a smooth and rounded edges object until the appearance of petechiae. Used domestically in Asia, it is described as capable of promoting the improvement of several conditions (e. g. respiratory, digestive, fever, and insomnia), such as painful conditions. However, there is a shortage of systematic reviews in this respect in Western literature, so this study aimed to analyze the common use of Gua-sha and the methodological quality of the studies. CONTENTS: The PEDro, Pubmed, Scielo and LILACS Databases were consulted, searching for clinical trials with the following keywords and Boolean index: Gua-sha AND pain; Scraping therapy AND pain (English, Portuguese and Spanish). Thirty-two articles were pre-selected, but only six met the inclusion criteria (clinical trial, pain as one of the evaluation criteria, musculoskeletal pain). The disorders reported were related to the spine, with a mostly superior response or similar to the control group, being investigated in the short term (7-21 days). The studies methodological quality were considered moderate according to the PEDro scale. CONCLUSION: Gua-sha is a simple, inexpensive alternative with short-term effects for the treatment of conditions involving the spine and surrounding areas, such as a single intervention or in combination. Its practice is already well referenced but requires studies of high methodological quality and analysis of its effects also in the appendicular skeleton.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Gua-sha é uma técnica da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, que consiste em raspar a pele com objeto de bordas lisas e arredondadas até o surgimento de petéquias. De uso doméstico na Ásia, é descrita como capaz de promover a melhora de uma série de afecções (ex. respiratórias, digestivas, febre e insônia), como a de quadros dolorosos. Contudo, há escassez de revisões sistemáticas a esse respeito na literatura ocidental, assim o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a aplicação usual de Gua-sha e a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. CONTEÚDO: Foram consultadas as bases de dados PEDro, Pubmed, Scielo e LILACS, buscando por ensaios clínicos com as seguintes palavras chaves e índice booleano: Gua-sha AND pain; Scraping therapy AND pain (inglês, português e espanhol). Foram pré-selecionados 32 artigos, mas apenas 6 atenderam os critérios de inclusão (ensaio clínico, dor como um dos critérios de avaliação, quadros álgicos musculoesqueléticos). Os distúrbios registrados foram relacionados à coluna vertebral, com resposta superior em sua maioria ou semelhante ao grupo controle, sendo investigados em curto prazo (7-21 dias). A qualidade metodológica aponta para estudos moderados de acordo com a escala PEDro. CONCLUSÃO: Gua-sha é uma alternativa simples, de baixo custo, com efeitos estudados em curto prazo para tratamento de afecções envolvendo a coluna vertebral e áreas próximas, como intervenção única ou em associação. Sua prática já se encontra bem retratada, porém necessitando de estudos de alta qualidade metodológica e análise de seus efeitos também no esqueleto apendicular.

Conhecimento dos acadêmicos de fisioterapia sobre o manejo da dor / Knowledge of physical therapy students on pain management

Introdução: Estudos indicam que acadêmicos de vários semestres da fisioterapia apresentam limitações no conhecimento relacionado à dor e suas terapêuticas. Contudo, essa temática ainda é pouco explorada em acadêmicos no último ano da graduação em fisioterapia. Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento sobre dor por parte dos acadêmicos do último ano de uma instituição privada de ensino superior. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal com 59 acadêmicos de ambos os sexos, matriculados no estágio curricular supervisionado, do último ano do curso de fisioterapia de uma instituição privada de ensino superior. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a um questionário validado contendo questões relacionadas à fisiopatologia, subjetividade, avaliação e terapêuticas não farmacológicas da dor. Resultados: Cinquenta e seis voluntários compuseram a amostra final deste estudo. 88% deles indicaram não existir uma disciplina ou um professor especialista sobre dor. 58% dos acadêmicos não reconhecem a dor como um sinal vital. Houve conhecimento satisfatório sobre conceitos básicos relacionados à fisiopatologia, avaliação e tratamento da dor. Contudo, falhas que comprometem o manejo da dor foram detectadas. Conclusão: Existe inconsistência no conhecimento de acadêmicos do último ano do curso de fisioterapia sobre aspectos ligados a avaliação e tratamento de pacientes com dor. (AU)

Introduction: Studies indicate that academics from several semesters of physical therapy have limitations in knowledge related to pain and its therapeutics. However, this subject is still little explored in academics in the last year of graduation in physical therapy. Objective: To describe the knowledge about pain on the part of the academics of the last year of a private institution of higher education. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 59 male and female students, enrolled in the supervised curricular traineeship, of the last year of the physical therapy course of a private institution of higher education. All participants were submitted to a validated questionnaire containing questions related to pathophysiology, subjectivity, evaluation and nonpharmacological pain therapy. Results: Fifty-six volunteers composed the final sample of this study. 88% of them indicate that there is no discipline or specialist pain teacher. 58% of academics do not recognize pain as a vital sign. There was satisfactory knowledge about basic concepts related to pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of pain. However, failures that compromise the management of pain were detected. Conclusion: There is inconsistency in the knowledge of academics of the last year of the physical therapy course on aspects related to the evaluation and treatment of patients with pain. (AU)

Knowledge and Awareness of Oculoplastic Surgery among Medical Students

Objectives: There has been a gap in the literature regarding the knowledge of health-care workers, including medical students, on the speciality of oculoplasty. In this study, we aimed to assess the perception and knowledge of oculoplasty among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at King Abdulaziz University during the months of June 2018 and September 2018. Data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. Results: This study involved 625 medical students from the second to sixth-year levels. The highest number of participants was from the third year 185 (29.6%). Most of the medical students 381 (61.0%), did not know about the training required to become an oculoplastic surgeon, and only 50 (8.0%) were interested in the speciality as a career. Ptosis was the most identified condition by medical students to be treated by oculoplastic surgeons, 316 (50.56%), and entropion was the least, 86 (13.76%). Less than one third, 177 (28.3%) of the medical students disagreed regarding oculoplastic surgery as it is very risky. The most important source of information for oculoplastic surgery was ‘social media,’ 258 (41.28%); and the least effective was ‘magazines,’ 20 (3.2%). The mean (SD) knowledge score for all respondents was 3.61 (2.18%). Conclusion: Medical students lack proper knowledge in the field of oculoplasty. This is related to the lack of exposure to the speciality in various areas including medical rotations, conferences, and summer training. This has contributed to the lack of interest in pursuing a future career in oculoplasty.

Correspondência entre os registros de enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas para pacientes pós artroplastia total do quadril com a Nursing Outcomes Classification / Correspondence between the records of nurses and physiotherapists for patients after total hip arthroplasty with the Nursing Outcomes Classification

A Artroplastia Total de Quadril (ATQ) é um procedimento cirúrgico amplamente utilizado para o tratamento de afecções da articulação coxofemoral, sejam elas degenerativas, inflamatórias ou traumáticas. A Classificação de Resultados Enfermagem (NOC) é uma terminologia usada no Processo de Enfermagem para medir, por meio dos Resultados de Enfermagem, estados de saúde, comportamentos, reações e sentimentos dos pacientes, cuidador/família ou comunitário, possibilitando ao enfermeiro avaliar os efeitos das intervenções de enfermagem e outros profissionais na prática clínica. Assim como a enfermagem, a fisioterapia também busca a melhora do paciente após a cirurgia. Os fisioterapeutas evoluem o estado de seus pacientes e registram suas condutas de modo semelhante à enfermagem, sem empregar uma terminologia padronizada para determinar a evolução do paciente. O objetivo foi avaliar a correspondência entre os termos encontrados nos registros de enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas documentados nos prontuários dos pacientes após ATQ e os resultados da NOC. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e documental, que consiste na busca de elementos passados realizado em um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi retrospectiva em registros informatizados do prontuário eletrônico nos meses janeiro e fevereiro de 2019 e os sujeitos foram pacientes submetidos à ATQ, que atenderam aos seguintes critérios: idade ≥ 18 anos, hospitalizados em unidades de Internação do SUS ou de convênios, de ambos os sexos. Não foram previstos critérios de exclusão. Os dados foram analisados, inicialmente por meio da estatística descritiva, e com base nos achados do mapeamento cruzado das informações, utilizando-se três regras. Foram analisados os registros de 49 pacientes. Estes demandaram um total de 197 diagnósticos, sendo oito sem repetição. A utilização do método de mapeamento cruzado permitiu a comparação das informações existentes nos prontuários, o que pode contribuir para a implementação da linguagem padronizada NOC. Os resultados de enfermagem prevalentes, segundo a NOC, para a Enfermagem foram: nível de dor, ocorrência de quedas, cicatrização de feridas: primeira intenção, gravidade da infecção, mobilidade, desempenho na transferência, equilíbrio, locomoção caminhar e marcha. A fisioterapia compartilhou dos mesmos resultados, com exceção da ocorrência de quedas e apresentou o resultado estado respiratório dentro do mapeamento. Os termos mapeados tiveram correspondência com a NOC a partir do objetivo do estudo proposto.

otal Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure widely used for the treatment of conditions of the hip joint, be them inflammatory, traumatic or degenerative. The Nursing Results Classification (NOC) is a terminology used in the Nursing Process to measure, through Nursing Outcomes, health states, behaviors, reactions and feelings of patients, caregiver/family or community, and enables the nurse to evaluate the effects of nursing interventions and other professionals in clinical practice. As well as nursing, physical therapy also seeks to improve the patient after surgery. Physiotherapists evolve the status of their patients and record their behaviors similar to nursing, without employing standardized terminology to determine patient outcomes. The objective was to value the correspondence between the terms found in the records of nurses and physiotherapists documented in the patients' charts after THA and NOC results. A descriptive, retrospective and documentary study, which consists of the search for past elements performed in a university hospital in the south of Brazil. The data collection was retrospective in computerized records of the electronic medical record in January and February of 2019 and the subjects were patients submitted to the THA, who met the following criteria: age ≥ 18 years, hospitalized in units of hospitalization of SUS or covenants, of both sexes. No exclusion criteria were foreseen. The data were initially analyzed through descriptive statistics and based on the findings of the cross-information mapping, using three rules. The records of 49 patients were analyzed. These required a total of 197 diagnoses, eight of the without repetition. The use of the crossmapping method allowed the comparison of information in the medical records, which may contribute to the implementation of the standard NOC language. The prevalence of nursing outcomes, according to the NOC, for nursing were: level of pain, occurrence of falls, wound healing: first intention, infection gravidity, mobility, transfer performance, balance, walking and walking locomotion. Physiotherapy shared the same results, except for the occurrence of falls and presented the result respiratory state within the mapping. The mapped terms corresponded to NOC from the objective of the proposed study.

El Artroplastia Total de Cadera (ATQ) es un procedimiento quirúrgico ampliamente utilizado para el tratamiento de afecciones de la articulación coxofemoral, ya sean degenerativas, inflamatorias o traumáticas. La Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (NOC) es una terminología usada en el proceso de enfermería para medir, a través de los resultados de enfermería, estados de salud, comportamientos, reacciones y sentimientos de los pacientes, cuidador/familia o comunitario, y posibilita al enfermero evaluar los efectos de las intervenciones de enfermería y otros profesionales en la práctica clínica. Así como la enfermería, la fisioterapia también busca la mejora del paciente después de la cirugía. Los fisioterapeutas evolucionan el estado de sus pacientes y registran sus conductas de manera semejante a la enfermería, sin emplear una terminología estandarizada para determinar la evolución del paciente. El objetivo fue evaluar la correspondencia entre los términos que se encuentran en los registros de enfermeras y fisioterapeutas documentados en los registros médicos de los pacientes después de la ATC y los resultados de la NOC. Un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y documental, que consiste en la búsqueda de elementos pasados realizado en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos fue retrospectiva en registros computarizados del registro médico electrónico en los meses de enero y febrero de 2019, y los sujetos eran pacientes sometidos a la ATQ, que cumplían los siguientes criterios: edad ≥ 18 años, hospitalizados en las unidades de hospitalización SUS o planes de salud, de ambos sexos. No se han previsto criterios de exclusión. Los datos fueron analizados inicialmente por medio de la estadística descriptiva y con base en los hallazgos del mapeo cruzado de las informaciones, utilizando tres reglas. Se analizaron los registros de 49 pacientes. Estos demandaron un total de 197 diagnósticos, siendo ocho sin repetic ión. La utilización del método de mapeo cruzado permitió la comparación de las informaciones existentes en los prontuarios, lo que puede contribuir a la implementación del lenguaje estandarizado NOC. Los resultados de enfermería prevalentes, de acuerdo con la NOC, para la enfermería fueron: nivel de dolor, aparición de cataratas, cicatrización de heridas: primera intención, gravidad de la infección, movilidad, rendimiento en la transferencia, equilibrio, locomoción y marcha a pie. La fisioterapia compartió los mismos resultados, con la excepción de la ocurrencia de caídas y presentó el resultado estado respiratorio dentro del mapeo. Los términos mapeados tuvieron correspondencia con NOC a partir del objetivo del estudio propuesto.

Thinking of Teaching Model for Endocrinology Speciality in Community Clinical Pharmacists Training Base / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for standardization and improvement of teaching model for endocrinology speciality in community clinical pharmacists training base. METHODS： Based on the requirments of community clinical pharmacists training in Shanghai，  the characteristics and contents of community clinical pharmacists training were summarized， and teaching characteriatiostics， effect evaluation and problems werer analyzed on the basis of the acutual situation in our hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Community clinical pharmacists training has the characteristics of training for chronic diseases， short training cycle， and support from the medical consortium platform. Its contents are theoretical learning and professional knowledge training， pharmaceutical care and medication education， case discussion， homework guidance and comment. Compared with other specility， endocrinology speciality has the characteristics of strengthening comprehensive pharmaceutical care （for example， pharmaceutical care of diabetic patients should pay attention not only to hypoglycemia， but also to hypobaric， hypolipidemic and complications）， emphasizing medication treatment management （MTM） teaching （provide a series of professional services such as medication education， counseling and guidance， and medical reorganization for patients， so as to improve the safety， effectiveness and compliance of medication， and then control blood glucose， delay or avoid complications）， emphasizing the cultivation of health education ability and communication ability. The evaluation of training effect included the evaluation of trainees and teachers. The former includes objective evaluation （theoretical knowledge test， bedside medication education assessment and homework assessment） and subjective evaluation （attendance， attitude， clinical practice performance）. The latter is mainly scored by trainees on teachers （including professional level， teaching attitude， teaching ability and content）. Through the training， it is found that the trainees’ literature retrieval ability is poor， the trainees have not clear idea to diabetic patients， the homework writing and typesetting are not standardized； the teaching teachers have less experience and teachers could not teach the students in accordance with their aptitude and provide individualized training. The training and teaching mode needed to be further improved.

Possí­veis impactos do transtorno de ansiedade social no processo de envelhecimento / Possible impacts of social anxiety disorder in the aging process

Há uma tendência ao aumento do envelhecimento populacional no Brasil e no mundo, assim como do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social, que compromete a qualidade de vida dos indiví­duos, tornando-se um fator de risco para processos demenciais e limitação funcional. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever possí­veis impactos deste transtorno no processo de envelhecimento, buscando saber qual será o futuro dessa população idosa convivendo com as incapacidades caracterí­sticas da idade e possivelmente potencializadas pela fobia social. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando artigos que envolvem a fobia social e depressão em idosos. A pesquisa de artigos foi realizada em bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e nos portais indexados como: Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo e Pubmed, compreendendo o perí­odo de agosto de 2002 a março de 2018. Observou-se na literatura que entre as diversas modalidades de psicoterapia, a terapia cognitiva comportamental é o tratamento mais eficaz para a fobia social; por outro lado, a psicodinâmica em grupo apresentou-se como um tratamento viável para indiví­duos que experimentam fobia social generalizada. Acreditamos que novos estudos comprovarão a piora das funções em idosos que sofram de Transtorno de Ansiedade Social. (AU)

There is a trend of progressive aging of population in Brazil and in the world, as well as the Social Anxiety Disorder, which compromises quality of life and becomes a risk factor for dementia processes and collaborates with functional limitation. This study aimed to describe possible impacts of this disorder in the aging process, seeking to know the future of this elderly population living with disabilities characteristics of age and possibly potentiated by social phobia. This study consisted of an integrative review of the literature, using articles that involve social phobia and depression in the elderly. The research of articles was carried out in databases of the Virtual Health Library and in the portals indexed as: Bireme, Lilacs, Scielo, and Pubmed, in the period from August 2002 to March 2018. We observed in literature that among the psychotherapy modalities, the cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most efficient treatment for social phobia; on the other hand the psychodynamic group psychotherapy show signs of being a viable treatment for individuals that experience generalized social phobia. We concluded that new studies will prove the deterioration of elderly functions with Social Anxiety Disorder. (AU)

Influencia del ejercicio físico en el comportamiento motor de personas consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Revisión documental / Influence of physical exercise on the motor behavior of psychoactive substances consumers. Documentary Review

Históricamente el ejercicio físico no ha sido una intervención prioritaria en el problema del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, pese a la existencia de literatura y artículos de respaldo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la influencia del ejercicio físico en el comportamiento motor de personas consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas, teniendo en cuenta los cambios fisiológicos y comportamentales en esta población. Método: Revisión documental descriptiva con enfoque analítico desde la perspectiva del movimiento corporal humano. Se realizó una búsqueda literaria de alta calidad ECA y revisiones sistemáticas de documentos que vincularan el ejercicio físico con el manejo terapéutico del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Resultados: La práctica del ejercicio físico presentó cambios a nivel fisiocinético (p < 0,05), como también modulación de aspectos psicológicos de ansiedad y abstinencia (p < 0,05) con resultados significativos y representativos en el comportamiento motor. Discusión: El ejercicio físico produce cambios significativos sobre el comportamiento motor y las capacidades fisiocinéticas y mentales en consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas, desde los tres frentes: mente, cuerpo y movimiento.

Historically, physical exercises have not been a priority intervention in the psychoactive substances consumption problem, despite the existence of literature and supporting articles about the matter. This study aimed to establish the influence of physical exercise on the motor behavior of psychoactive substances consumers, regarding the physiological and behavioral changes in this population. Method: Descriptive documentary review with analytical approach from the human body movement perspective. A literary research of high quality ECAS and systematic reviews were made. This research looked for documents that linked physical exercise with the therapeutic management of psychoactive substances consumption. Results: The practice of physical exercise showed changes at a physiokinetic level (p <0.05), as well as modulation of psychological aspects of anxiety and abstinence (p <0.05) with significant and representative results in motor behavior. Discussion: Physical exercise makes significant changes in motor behavior, physiokinetic and mental abilities in psychoactive substance users, from the three fronts: mind, body and movement.

Are medical undergraduate really unwilling to apply for clinic medicine speciality? Based on the quality of 5-year medical undergraduates / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To investigate the quality of 5-year medical undergraduates in China,analyze the influ-ence factors and put forward relevant policy suggestions. Method:By stratified random sampling,there are 24 medi-cal colleges or universities in northeastern, eastern, central, southern and southwestern China were included. Ac-cording to access the official websites,the enrollment data of 5-year medical undergraduates were collected. Result:The percentile of medical students'average score in entrance examination was around 33.46% ~56.32% in the first batch. There are significant difference among areas about the quality of medical undergradnates. Conclusion:At pres-ent,the quality of the 5-year medical undergraduates is good. Because high quality students unwilling to apply for clinical medicine,the quality of students declined. For this question,the suggestions are to improve enrollment sta-tus,school finical support,medical environment and doctors' welfare.

Application of visual laryngoscope in the endotracheal intubation teaching of standardized resident training for different specialities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Visual endotracheal intubation technique was applied in the endotracheal intubation teaching for standardized resident training as a routine teaching appliance.The residents were divided into two groups,the anesthetic speciality group and the non-anesthetic speciality group.According to the different teaching targets,teaching periods and basic abilities,the differentiated teaching Settings were built and the different teaching schemes,evaluation index and teachers were applied for the two groups respectively for fulfilling the advantages of visual laryngoscope.Until now,more than a hundred residents were educated with the endotracheal intubation,and the teaching efficiency and quality were significantly improved,which also reduced the incidence of the complications related to endotracheal intubation.

The study of application of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool among medical patients with mechanical ventilation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the applicability of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) in medical patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods A descriptive design was chosen for this study. A convenience sample of 110 medical patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU was selected, among which, 53 cases were sober (including 34 patients with pain and 19 patients without pain), 57 cases were non-sober. The CPOT was applied for evaluating the reliability, validity, reactive degree, sensitivity, specificity and ROC curve analysis. Results Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.865. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.883. CVI was 1.00. Spearman correlation with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 0.544. In known-group technique, only pain score was statistically significant in Ramsay score. In reactive degree, score was statistically significant in three testing points. The CPOT had a sensitivity of 94.1％and a specificity of 46.7％. The area under the ROC curve was 0.716. Conclusions The CPOT has good internal consistency, interrater reliability, content validity, reactivity, moderate criterion validity. Speciality in distinguishing pain and other symptoms is worse. Future research is warranted to further verify the applicability of the CPOT.