Sensory and physiological quality of arabic coffee under different fermentation times / Qualidade sensorial e fisiológica do café arábico em diferentes tempos de fermentação

The value of coffee presents a significant increase influenced by the improvement of the beans quality, so that a coffee made by beans with an inferior quality has a lower acceptance in the market and a reduction in therms of commercialization value. The different time of fermentation of the coffee in water can give rise to different beverage and physiological quality of its seeds, and may interfere in its commercialization value and in the production of seedlings in nurseries. The target of this study was to identify the best time of fermentation of the beans and seeds of Arabic coffee in the region of Mutum-MG, aiming to obtain a better quality of the drink and a better physiological quality of the seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours of fermentation in water. Four replicates per treatment were used. Each repetition consisted in ten liters of coffee. The samples were submitted to a drying process in covered suspended terrarium until reaching 12% moisture. The evaluations consisted in the realization of these sensorial analysis (AS); % water content (%U); electrical conductivity (EC); first germination count (FCG); percentage of germination (%G); total fresh mass (TFM); total dry mass (TDM) and radicle length (RL). The 18 hours fermentation time provided a better quality of coffee drink obtaining a score of 84 points and also resulted in a higher physiological quality of the seeds. Excess fermentation impaired the quality of the drink and physiological quality.

O valor do café tem um aumento significativo com a melhoria da qualidade dos grãos, um café com grãos de qualidade inferior tem uma aceitação inferior no mercado e uma redução no valor de comercialização. Os diferentes tempos de fermentação do café em água podem originar diferentes bebida e qualidade fisiológica de suas sementes, podendo interferir no valor na comercialização e na produção de mudas em viveiros. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar o melhor tempo de fermentação dos grãos e sementes de café Arábica da região de Mutum-MG, visando obter melhor qualidade da bebida e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36 horas de fermentação em água. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições por tratamento. Cada repetição foi constituída por dez litros de café. As amostras passaram por processo de secagem em terreiro suspenso coberto até atingir 12% de umidade. As avaliações consistiram na realização da análise sensorial (AS); % teor de água (%U); condutividade elétrica (CE); primeira contagem de germinação (PCG); porcentagem de germinação (G); massa fresca total (MFT); massa seca total (MST) e comprimento de raiz (CR). O tempo de fermentação de 18 horas proporcionou melhor qualidade de bebida de café obtendo nota de 84 pontos e também resultou em maior qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A fermentação em excesso prejudicou a qualidade da bebida e a qualidade fisiológica.

Dietary habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality related to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon / 한국영양학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality with regard to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon. The data were collected with a self-reports questionnaire with a total of 190 subjects, comprised with 101 male and 89 female college students. We classified these subjects into three groups using percentile of coffee intake to assess the nutrients intake and dietary quality. The correlations among coffee intake, food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality were evaluated. The average coffee intake of male and female college students were 156.8 mL and 157.4 mL, respectively. The coffee preferences with respect to specialty coffee were caramel macchiato, cafe latte, americano, cafe mocha, and cappucino in male college students, and caramel macchiato, americano, cafe mocha, cafe latte, and cappucino in female college students, in preference order. The coffee intake motivation score of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was higher than that of the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in emotion motivation and utilitarian motivation. The highest scores were 'flavor and aroma' in emotion motivation, and 'prevention of sleepness' in utilitarian motivation. The average food habits score of "I often eat the natural food" was significantly higher in the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between coffee intake and 'I purchase the processed food after examining nutrition labels' of food habits score (r = 0.280; p < 0.01) in female college students. The energy intake of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was significantly higher in that of the moderate 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in male college students (p < 0.05). Therefore, it may be necessary for college students to undergo a well-planned nutrition education regarding proper coffee intake, choice of coffee, energy intake related to coffee intake, and dietary habits.