Comparison of short-term visual acuity and visual disturbance phenomena and spectacle independence after implantation of three different intraocular lenses / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the short-term postoperative visual acuity, visual disturbance phenomena, and spectacle independence rate in patients who underwent monocular implantation with trifocal, multifocal, or extended range of vision intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 67 cataract patients(67 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation from March 2019 to December 2022. A total of 35 cases(35 eyes)received Symfony extended range of vision IOL implantation, 21 cases(21 eyes)received AcrySof IQ ReSTOR +3D multifocal IOL, and 11 cases(11 eyes)received AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal IOL. The preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)and 3 mo postoperatively were documented. Moreover, defocus curves, visual disturbance phenomena, and spectacle independence rates were recorded at 3 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: At 3 mo postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were observed in UDVA among the three groups(P>0.05). A comparison of UIVA showed superior results in the Symfony and PanOptix groups compared to the ReSTOR group(all P<0.01). The UNVA of both the ReSTOR and PanOptix groups outperformed the Symfony group(all P<0.01). The defocus curves indicated that in the intermediate vision range(-1.00 to -1.50 D), the Symfony group exhibited better performance than the ReSTOR group(P<0.05); while in the near vision range(-2.50 to -3.50 D), the ReSTOR group was superior to the Symfony group(P<0.05). The PanOptix group demonstrated superior visual acuity in the near vision range(-2.00 to -3.50 D)compared to the Symfony group(P<0.05)and was also superior in the intermediate vision range(-1.00 to -2.00 D)compared to the ReSTOR group(P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of glare or halo and binocular interference phenomena among the three groups(P>0.05). The PanOptix and ReSTOR groups exhibited a higher spectacle independence rate compared to the Symfony group(P<0.0167).CONCLUSION: Compared to Symfony extended range of vision IOL and ReSTOR multifocal IOL, PanOptix trifocal IOL offers a balanced approach to distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, without a high incidence of glare and halo, and with a higher spectacle independence rate. Caution is still advised when considering monocular implantation with presbyopia-correcting IOLs.

Head and facial anthropometry of the Indian population for designing a spectacle frame

Purpose: To establish the normative data of the head and face measurements needed to design an appropriate spectacle frame for the Indian population. Methods: Indian subjects between 20 and 40 years were included in the study. Thirteen parameters were measured using the direct and indirect methods using ImageJ software. Photographs of subjects were captured in the primary gaze position, with the head turned toward the subject’s right and left by 90° from the primary gaze. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of age was 27.6 ± 5.7; 55.38% were males. An independent t?test showed a significant difference in nose width (P = 0.001), inter?pupillary distance (P = 0.032), and body mass index (P = .012) between males and females. Inner inter?canthi distance (P = .265), outer inter?canthi distance (P = .509), and frontal angles (P = .536) showed no significant difference. There is a significant difference in face width compared with the other studies. The mean head width of males (154.168 ± 9.121) was wider than that of females (145.431 ± 8.923). This suggests a smaller distance between the temples of a spectacle frame for females. Conclusion: Considering the above factors, there is a need for a customized spectacle frame design providing better optics, improved cosmesis, and comfort to the wearer

Non-compliance for wearing spectacles: Prevalence and determinants in school-going children in South India

Purpose: To study the prevalence and determinants of compliance with spectacle wear among school?age children in South India who were given spectacles free of charge under a school vision screening program. Methods: A cross?sectional, descriptive study was performed. The participants were recruited from the school from Tirunelveli and Tuticorin districts of Tamil Nadu, where a school vision screening camp was conducted between January 2012 and October 2012. The school screening was performed under “Lavelle Pediatric Eye Care Project”. Of the 129,720 children examined of 249 schools, 4253 of children had refractive error and 3333 were prescribed and dispensed spectacles. A total of 683 children were interviewed, who were not wearing glasses on follow?up. Results: About 20% of the participants (683/3333) were not wearing their spectacles at examination. The most common reasons given for non?wear were lost (44.9%) or broken (35.3%) spectacles. There was no gender preference on compliance to spectacles. Conclusion: Compliance with spectacle wear is less even when spectacles are provided free of cost, particularly in children among the age group of 5–15 years. Because factors such as type of school, area (urban or rural), parent’s income, occupation, and their education were not significantly affecting the compliance of spectacle wear, proper encouragement and counseling of the parents and the child become extremely important.

Customization of spectacle frames for individuals with facial deformities by altering conventional spectacle frames – Phase I

Purpose: Manufacturing a spectacle frame for a facially deformed individual is challenging because of facial asymmetry. One of the solutions is the customization of spectacle frames. Customization of spectacle frames for facially deformed individuals requires a better understanding of the facial anthropometry of deformed faces. This study aimed to analyze the facial anthropometry of deformed faces to understand the range of variability. The results of this study will be used to find customization methods in the future. Methods: We measured and analyzed the 12 facial parameters of individuals with facial deformities using the ImageJ software. Results: The data collected were normally distributed. Paired sample test revealed a statistically significant difference between innercanthus distances (right innercanthus distance [RICD] and left innercanthus distance [LICD]). Correlation analysis showed a positive difference between horizontal and vertical pupillary distance?innercanthus distance (PD?ICD) (0.68, 0.75, and 0.81) and pupillary distance?helix distance (PD?HD) (0.57, 0.68, and 0.59) relations. PD?ICD correlations are stronger compared to the PD?HD relation. Conclusion: Altering the frame center distance and the temple heights are the most important for asymmetric faces. Large population?based data are required to make concrete decisions to design a spectacle frame for asymmetric faces.

Stabilization of refraction and timing of spectacle prescription following manual small-incision cataract surgery

Purpose: To determine the stabilization of refraction at 2 weeks following MSICS by comparing the difference in spherical, cylindrical component and also spherical equivalent of refraction of 2 weeks follow-up with that of 6 weeks following surgery. Methods: The difference of spherical, cylindrical component and also spherical equivalent of refraction at 2 weeks and 6 weeks follow-up of 194 eyes that underwent uncomplicated MSICS with implantation of PMMA IOL conducted by a single experienced surgeon were compared to find out the amount of change and its significance was statistically tested by Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test. Results: The difference in spherical power (0.04 � 0.30), cylinder power (0.03 � 0.40), and spherical equivalent (0.06 � 0.34) were very small and not significant statistically (P-value ?0.05). Conclusion: Necessary spectacle correction can safely be prescribed after 2 weeks following MSICS as subjective refraction stabilizes by that time without undergoing significant change. However, our observation was applicable in patients who had an uneventful cataract surgery without any risk factor, which can delay wound healing or cause poor visual outcome.

Refractive errors, road traffic accidents and long-term spectacle compliance amongst commercial taxi drivers in a major North-East Indian city

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and its association with road traffic accidents (RTAs) and the subsequent long?term spectacle compliance and adherence to suggested appropriate strategies In Shillong, India. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between July and October 2019 among commercial taxi drivers (CTDs), with follow?up interviews conducted with a subset of respondents to assess long?term spectacle compliance after a year. Gross ophthalmologic examination was performed, including visual acuity and refraction. Descriptive statistics and Chi?square tests were conducted to assess the association between the type of REs, spectacle compliance, and selected sociodemographic and clinical variables. Multiple logistic regression was performed for analysis of the association between RTAs and sociodemographic, clinical, and work characteristics variables. Results: A total of 382 (95.5%) CTDs completed interviews and gross eye examination. The prevalence of any RE in the worst eye was 28.8% (95% CI: 24.3–33.6). Presbyopia with or without distance vision was the commonest type of RE with 21.7% (95% CI: 17.7%–26.2). Among those who were prescribed spectacles, 70.5% needed near correction. Drivers with RE were nearly two times (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4–5.1) more likely to be involved in RTAs compared to those without any RE. Long?term spectacle compliance was at 40.9%. The predominant barrier reported for spectacle compliance was “can manage well without spectacles.” Conclusion: This survey has demonstrated a significant relationship between poor vision and occurrence of RTAs. There is an urgent need for tailor?made targeted interventions to address the eye health needs of CTDs in India

Olhar para o mundo das imagens: uma leitura psicanalítica / A Gaze into the World of Images: through a psychoanalytic point of view / Le Regard du Monde des Images: une lecture psychanalytique

O artigo percorre considerações sobre a realidade da sociedade do espetáculo e os espaços virtuais-sociais que nela favorecem o ilimitado do gozo, tornando absoluto o olhar que, fundamentalmente, é inapreensível. E desenvolve considerações sobre contribuições das plataformas de mídias sociais para a ascendência da imagem, em detrimento da palavra, em movimento que leva os sujeitos ao constante fazer-se ver, por meio de imagens-todas, na busca de tamponar a falta que lhes é constitutiva. E, nesse caminho, tentar dizer o indizível. A psicanálise é o campo teórico/prático que sustenta os argumentos.

This article covers considerations about the reality of the spectacle society and the virtual-social spaces that favor the unlimited of enjoyment, making the gaze absolute which is, fundamentally, inapprehensible. Furthermore, it develops considerations about the contributions of social media platforms to the ascendancy of the image and the detriment of the word, in a movement that leads the subjects to constantly make themselves visible, through images-full, in the search to cover the lack that is constitutive. By that, they try to say the unspeakable. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical / practical field that supports these arguments.

L'article couvre des considérations sur la réalité de la société du spectacle et les espaces virtuels-sociaux qui favorisent l'illimité de la jouissance, rendant absolut le regard, qui est, fondamentalement, incompréhensible. Il développe des réflexions sur les contributions des plateformes de médias sociaux à l'ascendant de l'image et au détriment de la parole, dans un mouvement qui amène les sujets à se rendre constamment visibles, à travers des images-tout, dans la recherche de combler le manque qui est constitutif. Et, de cette façon, essayez de dire l'indicible. La psychanalyse est le domaine théorique / pratique qui soutient les arguments.

IMPACT OF N 95 MASKS ON QUALITY OF VISION IN SPECTACLE USERS

Introduction: wearing masks for a prolonged amount of time can decrease work efficiency by causing a host of physiological or psychological problems. The use of masks, in particular, for extended periods of time causes physical adverse effects such as difficulty breathing, mask-induced acne, rashes, headache and sometimes, impaired cognition. Objectives: To assess the impact of using N95 masks by a part of the population using spectacles. Materials and Methods:After taking informed consent, 270 spectacles and mask users were enrolled for this single centre, questionnaire based, cross-sectional observational study. Results: A large proportion (70.2%) of the respondents complained of fogging of spectacle lens on wearing N95 masks which impaired their vision to variable extent and also impaired the daily activity. Conclusion: This study identified the impact of N95 masks on quality of vision in spectacle users and various recommendations are presented for prevention and management of these adverse effects.

The Correlation of Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction Score with Visual Disturbances and Contrast Sensitivity in Spectacle Wearers: A Preliminary Study

@#Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) score with visual disturbances and contrast sensitivity in spectacle wearers. Methods: A total of 21 spectacle-corrected moderate myopes was recruited. Subjects completed the QIRC questionnaire for quality of life assessment. The functional and emotional QIRC scores were analysed separately. Visual disturbances were evaluated using the Halo and Glare Simulator, and contrast sensitivity was measured by the M&S Smart System II. All measurements were taken binocularly in 1 lux illumination. Spearman’s test was employed to evaluate the correlations. Results: The most common visual disturbance was diffuse glare. The functional QIRC score was significantly correlated with glare intensity (r = -0.54, P = 0.01). Whereas, the emotional QIRC score was significantly correlated with contrast sensitivity (r = 0.45, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The functional QIRC score is lower when the glare intensity is greater, and the emotional QIRC score is higher in person with greater contrast sensitivity. Hence, glare intensity and contrast sensitivity measurements are suggested to predetermine spectacle wearers’ functional vision and well-being, respectively

Risco-espetáculo: novas modalidades do risco na era digital / Risk-spectacle: new modalities of risk in digital era

Este artigo tem como finalidade discutir o engendramento do risco-espetáculo enquanto uma nova modalidade de risco e também como vetor de subjetivação na contemporaneidade. Neste sentido, o risco-espetáculo se configura como uma leitura possível acerca de um fenômeno da era digital que tem alcançado enorme popularidade entre o público infanto-juvenil: os desafios do youtube. Muitos desafios se popularizaram ao serem publicados por famosos youtubers, as celebridades da Internet. Como consequência, jovens e crianças passam a reproduzir tais práticas em suas casas. Apesar do caráter lúdico e aparentemente seguro, alguns desafios do youtube implicam em risco à saúde e à vida, sendo enquadrados no rol das brincadeiras perigosas. Estas práticas de risco se desenrolam, na maior parte das vezes, alheias à tutela e à supervisão da família. Isto nos leva a interrogar que modos de governamentalidade operam no ambiente virtual, de forma a gerir condutas que incidem no mundo concreto e que modos de subjetivação estão sendo produzidos a partir destas práticas.

This article aims to discuss the engendering of risk-spectacle as a new modality of risk and also as a subjectivation vector in contemporary times. In this sense, the risk-spectacle is configured as a possible reading about a phenomenon of the digital age that has reached enormous popularity among the children and youth public: the YouTube challenges. Many challenges become popular when published by famous youtubers, the Internet celebrities. As a result, young people begin to replicate such practices in their homes. Despite the playful and seemingly safe character, some youtube challenges imply a risk to health and life, being framed in the roll of dangerous games. These risk-taking practices occur, most of the time, without the supervision of the family. This leads us to question which kinds of governmentality operate in the virtual environment, in order to manage conducts that affect the concrete world and which modes of subjectivation are being produced from these practices.

O Uso Cuidadoso das Redes Sociais Virtuais / Careful Use of Virtual Social Networks / El Uso Cuidadoso de las Redes Sociales Virtuales

As redes sociais virtuais permitem a um indivíduo compartilhar conexões com outros usuários e estabelecer laços sociais fortes e fracos. Neste cenário, se dá seu uso abusivo sob a influência das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. O objetivo do texto é refletir sobre o uso das redes sociais virtuais, o desconhecimento do outro; e conexões gestálticas para o seu uso cuidadoso. O método foi análise teórica e crítica de textos, examinando a busca pela afirmação da diversidade e da diferença em contextos da desterritorialização, das biotecnologias, da pós-verdade, da reduzida empatia, da fragilidade psíquica que repercute na subjetivação das pessoas, provocando sofrimento psíquico. Ponderamos que, cuidar é imperioso, envolve estratégias preventivas e interventivas em torno de pessoas e instituições para o enfrentamento das iniquidades físicas e psicológicas, as quais estamos expostos. É um fio condutor da saúde. Assinalamos que os Gestalt-terapeutas convergem com o pensamento heideggeriano que postula o cuidado como essência da existência humana. Cuidar é o contraponto do adoecimento que se realiza como espetáculo regulador das relações sociais mediadas pelo uso da internet. É também tolerância, profundo respeito pelo outro, é solidariedade entre todos os homens e todas as mulheres, justiça, democracia e respeito aos direitos humanos. (AU)

Virtual social networks allow an individual to share connections with other and establish strong and weak social bonds. In this scenario, its abusive use takes place under the influence of Information and Communication Technologies. The purpose of the text is to reflect on the use of virtual social networks, and ignorance of the other; and gestaltic connections for the careful use. The method was theoretical and critical analysis of texts, examining the search for the affirmation of diversity and difference in contexts of deterritorialization, biotechnologies, post-truth, reduced empathy, psychic fragility that affects the subjectivation of people, causing psychological distress. We consider that, caring is imperative, involves preventive and interventional strategies around people and institutions to face physical and psychological inequities, to which we are exposed. It is a guiding thread of health. We point out that Gestalt-therapists converge with the heideggerian's thinking that postulates care as the essence of human existence. Caring is the counterpoint to the sickness that is performed as a spectacle that regulates social relations mediated by the use of the internet. It is also tolerance, deep respect for the other, it is solidarity between all men and all women, justice, democracy and respect for human rights. (AU)

Las redes sociales virtuales permiten a un individuo compartir conexiones con otros usuarios y establecer lazos sociales fuertes y débiles. En este escenario, su abuso ocurre bajo la influencia de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación. El objetivo del texto es reflexionar sobre el uso de las redes sociales virtuales, la ignorancia del otro; y conexiones gestálticas para su uso cuidadoso. El método fue el análisis teórico y crítico de textos, examinando la búsqueda de la afirmación de la diversidad y la diferencia en contextos de desterritorialización, biotecnologías, post-verdad, empatía reducida, fragilidad psíquica que afecta la subjetividad de las personas, causando sufrimiento psicológico. Consideramos que el cuidado es imperativo, implica estrategias de prevención e intervención en torno a las personas y las instituciones para hacer frente a las iniquidades físicas y psicológicas a las que estamos expuestos. Es un hilo conductor de la salud. Señalamos que los terapeutas gestálticos convergen con el pensamiento de Heidegger que postula el cuidado como la esencia de la existencia humana. El cuidado es el contrapunto a la enfermedad que tiene lugar como un espectáculo regulador de las relaciones sociales mediadas por el uso de internet. También es tolerancia, profundo respeto por los demás, solidaridad entre todos los hombres y mujeres, justicia, democracia y respeto por los derechos humanos. (AU)

O suicídio na era do espetáculo: a respeito dos massacres nas escolas / Suicide as part of the show: on school massacres / El suicidio en la era del espectáculo: sobre masacres escolares / Le suicide dans l'âge du spectacle: à propos des massacres dans les écoles

O texto aborda a problemática do suicídio a partir da aproximação conceituai entre o narcisismo e a segunda teoria pulsional, pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte. Procuramos aproximar a conduta suicida de comportamentos homicidas específicos, massacres em escolas em vários países, enquanto atitudes que aparentam ausência de fatores predisponentes religiosos ou ideológicos como causa ou justificativa para condutas extremamente cruéis. Consideramos estar vivendo em um momento social de intensa fragmentação, em que o coletivismo e o individualismo, em vez de se complementarem, tornam-se antagônicos. Em uma sociedade adversa, jovens confusos, com pais deslegitimados, buscam na espetaculização do ato uma forma de validação de sua existência. A ideia de diferenciar-se da massa, mesmo à custa da própria vida, narcisismo de morte em estado puro, encontra, nas mídias sociais, as razões de ser. O desejo de diferenciação, de deixar "neste mundo" a marca pessoal, aproxima o suicídio do homicídio midiático, seja pela transmissão do próprio ato suicida, seja por massacres que antecedem o ato de pôr fim à própria vida.

The text addresses the problem of suicide from a conceptual rapprochement between narcissism and the second drive theory, life drive and death drive. We seek to approximate suicidal conduct with specific homicidal behaviors: school massacres in various countries, as attitudes that appear to lack religious or ideological predisposing factors as the cause or justification for extremely cruel act. We consider ourselves to be living in a social moment of intense fragmentation where collectivism and individualism, instead of complementing each other, become antagonistic. In an adverse society, confused young people with disenfranchised parents seek in the making a show out of the act a way of validating their existence. To differ from the masses, even at the expense of their lives, death narcissism, in its pure state, finds its raison d'être on social media. The desire to differentiate, to leave an "imprint" in this world, brings suicide closer to news media homicide, either through the transmission of the suicidal act itself or through massacres that precede taking their own lives.

El texto aborda el problema del suicidio a partir de una aproximación conceptual entre narcisismo y la segunda teoría pulsional, la pulsión de la vida y la de la muerte. Buscamos aproximar la conducta suicida con comportamientos homicidas específicos: masacres en escuelas en varios países, como actitudes que parecen carecer de factores predisponentes religiosos o ideológicos como causa o justificación de una conducta extremadamente cruel. Consideramos que estamos viviendo en un momento social de intensa fragmentación donde el colectivismo y el individualismo, en lugar de complementarse, se vuelven antagónicos. En una sociedad adversa, jóvenes confundidos, con padres sin legitimación, buscan en el espectáculo del acto una forma de validar su existencia. Diferenciarse de las masas, incluso a expensas de sus vidas, el narcisismo de la muerte, en su estado puro, encuentra, en las redes sociales, su razón de ser. El deseo de diferenciarse, de dejar la "marca personal" en este mundo, acerca el suicidio al homicidio mediático, ya sea a través de la transmisión del acto suicida en sí mismo o mediante masacres que preceden el suicidio.

Le texte aborde la problématique du suicide en approchant le concept de narcissisme et la théorie de la seconde pulsion: pulsion de vie et pulsion de mort. On cherche à rapprocher les comportements suicidaires des comportements homicides spécifiques : massacres dans des écoles en plusieurs pays, qui sont vus comme des attitudes où l'absence de facteurs qui aient une prédisposition religieuse ou idéologique serait la cause ou la justification d'un comportement extrêmement cruel. On considère que nous vivons dans un moment social de fragmentation intense dont le collectivisme et l'individualisme, au lieu de se compléter, deviennent antagonistes. Dans une société adverse, des jeunes confus ayant des parents sans légitimité cherchent, en transformant l'acte en un spectacle, un moyen de valider leur existence. Pour se différencier des masses, même au détriment de leurs vies, le narcissisme de la mort, à l'état pur, trouve ses raisons d'être sur les médias sociaux. Le désir de se différencier, de laisser une marque personnelle "dans ce monde", rapproche le suicide de l'homicide médiatique, soit par la transmission de l'acte suicidaire lui-même, soit par des massacres qui précèdent l'acte de mettre fin à sa vie.

Effect on visual parameters in myopic children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the efficacy of AMSPL on myopia control, and confirm the security of wearing AMSPL, through comparing the impacts on visual parameters between myopic children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)and myopic children wearing the standard design control lens(SPL).<p>METHODS: Totally 50 children aged 8 to 14 years wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)were collected into the AMSPL group, and other 50 children in the same age, the same degree of myopia and the same glasses time wearing standard design control lens(SPL)were selected into normal control group randomly(SPL group). We reviewed their documents and exam all patients. The examination include intraocular pressure, refraction under cycloplegia, distant strabismus and near strabismus, AC/A ratio. <p>RESULTS: The children wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)had lower feeling of comfort than SPL group, mainly in peripheral vision confused, but no difference between them 1mo later. The AMSPL group's average growth of refractive error is -0.62±0.50D, the SPL group's average growth of refractive error is -0.77±0.48D(<i>P</i>=0.072). In myopic children aged 8 to 10 years, the AMSPL group's average development of refractive error is -0.71±0.41D, lower than the SPL group that of -1.05±0.39D, the difference was significant(<i>t</i>=2.164, <i>P</i>=0.041). Between the two groups, there was no significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05)in visual parameters of distant strabismus, near strabismus, AC/A ratio.<p>CONCLUSION: Wearing spectacle lens designed to reduce peripheral hyperopic defocus(AMSPL)can delay the progression of myopia to a certain extent, especially for myopic children aged 8 to 10 years. It suggests that wearing AMSPL has the same safety with SPL for myopic children.

Objetos (in)visíveis: psicanálise, espetáculo e a arte de Vik Muniz / (In)visible objects: psychoanalysis, spectacle and the art of Vik Muniz / Objeto (in)visible: psicoanálisis, espectáculo y el arte de Vik Muniz / Objets (in)visibles: psychanalyse, spectacle et l'art de vik muniz

As questões propostas neste ensaio nascem de três encontros: o primeiro, com a teoria lacaniana a respeito da constituição do sujeito a partir do campo do Outro; o segundo, com a obra de Guy Debord sobre A Sociedade do Espetáculo; o terceiro, com o trabalho do artista brasileiro Vik Muniz. O que une esses três encontros é o desejo de pensar nas relações do sujeito com o social e nas questões que suscitam a respeito do laço social em nossa sociedade capitalista, na qual visibilidade e cidadania se confundem com a capacidade de consumo. Se o sujeito depende do olhar do outro para se estruturar, e é o poder aquisitivo que, nesse contexto, lhe dá lugar no espaço público, já não basta consumir, é preciso mostrar aquilo que se consome, transformando a si mesmo em objeto consumível. Este ensaio propõe que o espetáculo, conforme o definiu Debord, é o modo como o laço social se apresenta a partir da estrutura que Lacan definiu como discurso capitalista, e que produz efeitos de reificação e de apagamento da singularidade do sujeito através da antecipação de respostas para as questões que o desejo coloca. No entanto, nem todas as imagens que vemos são iguais, nem todas estão submetidas à lógica espetacular. A arte propõe imagens a partir de outro lugar, compartilhado com a psicanálise: aquele que busca desestabilizar o eixo dos discursos prontos e das produções de sentido. E é esta também a proposta de trabalho de Vik Muniz ao criar ilusões que não iludem, mas revelam os elementos que as constituem. Assim, diante dos imperativos do espetáculo, da arte e da psicanálise, ao sustentarem a potência do nome que falta, possibilitam que o sujeito de desejo encontre brechas por onde resistir.

The questions proposed in this essay arise from three meetings: the first, with the Lacanian theory regarding the constitution of the subject from the field of the Other; the second, with Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle; the third, with the work of Brazilian artist Vik Muniz. What unites these three meetings is the desire to think about the relations of the subject with the social and the issues that raise about the social bond in our capitalist society, in which visibility and citizenship are mixed with the capacity of consumption. If the subject depends on the other's eyes to structure, and it is the purchasing power that, in this context, gives him place in the public space, it is not enough to consume, it is necessary to show what is consumed, transforming itself into consumable object. This essay proposes that the spectacle, as defined by Debord, is the way in which the social bond presents itself from the structure that Lacan defined as capitalist discourse, and which produces effects of reification and erasure of the singularity of the subject through the anticipation of responses to the questions that the desire poses. However, not all the images we see are the same, not all of them are subjected to spectacular logic. Art proposes images from another place, shared with psychoanalysis: the one that seeks to destabilize the axis of the ready discourses and the productions of meaning. And this is also the proposal of Vik Muniz's work in creating illusions that do not deceive, but reveal the elements that constitute them. Thus, in view of the imperatives of the spectacle, art and psychoanalysis, in sustaining the power of the missing name, they enable the subject of desire to find loopholes to resist.

Las cuestiones propuestas en este ensayo nacieron de tres encuentros: el primero, con la teoría lacaniana relacionada con la constitución del sujeto a partir del campo del Otro; el segundo, con la obra de Guy Debord sobre La Sociedad del Espectáculo; el tercero, con el trabajo del artista brasileño Vik Muniz. Lo que une estos tres encuentros es el deseo de pensar en las relaciones del sujeto con el social y en las cuestiones que suscitan a respecto del lazo social en nuestra sociedad capitalista, en la cual visibilidad y ciudadanía se confunden con la capacidad de consumo. Si el sujeto depende de la mirada del otro para estructurarse, y es el poder adquisitivo que, en este contexto, le da lugar en el espacio público, consumir ya no es lo suficiente. Es necesario enseñar lo que se consume, transformando a si mismo en objeto consumible. Este ensayo propone que el espectáculo, según definición de Debord, es el modo como el lazo social se presenta a partir de la estructura que Lacan definió como discurso capitalista, y que produce efectos de reificación y de supresión de la singularidad del sujeto por medio de la anticipación de respuestas para las cuestiones que el deseo impone. Sin embargo, no todas las imágenes que vemos son iguales, ni todas están sometidas a la lógica espectacular. El arte propone imágenes a partir de otro lugar, compartidos con el psicoanálisis: aquel que busca desestabilizar el eje de los discursos listos y de las producciones de sentido. Esta también es la propuesta de trabajo de Vik Muniz al crear ilusiones que no ilusionan, pero revelan los elementos que las constituyen. Así, ante los imperativos del espectáculo, del arte y del psicoanálisis, al sostener la potencia del nombre que falta, posibilitan que el sujeto de deseo encuentre huecos por donde resistir.

Les questions proposées chez cet essai découlent de trois rencontres: la première, avec la théorie lacanienne par rapport à la constitution du sujet à partir de l'Autre; la seconde, avec l'oeuvre de Guy Debord sur La Société du spectacle et la troisième, avec le travail de l'artiste brésilien Vik Muniz. Ce qui unit ces trois rencontres, c'est le désir de réfléchir aux relations du sujet avec le social et aux questions qui se posent par rapport au lien social dans notre société capitaliste, où la visibilité et la citoyenneté se mélangent avec la capacité de consommation. Si le sujet dépend du regard de l'autre pour se structurer, et s'il est le pouvoir d'achat qui, dans ce contexte, lui donne une place dans l'espace public, il ne suffit plus de consommer, il faut montrer ce qui est consommé, en transformant soi-même dans un objet consommable. Cet essai propose que le spectacle, tel que défini par Debord, est la manière comme le lien social se présente à partir de la structure définie par Lacan comme discours capitaliste, ce qui produit des effets de réification et d'effacement de la singularité du sujet par l'anticipation des réponses aux questions posées par le désir. Pourtant, la plupart des images qu'on voit ne sont pas identiques, elles ne sont pas toutes soumises à une logique spectaculaire. L'art propose des images à partir d'un autre lieu, ce qui est partagé avec la psychanalyse, lequel cherche à déstabiliser l'axe des discours préparés et des productions de sens. Et c'est aussi la proposition du travail de Vik Muniz, quand il croit des illusions qui ne trompent pas, mais révèlent les éléments qui les constituent. Ainsi, face aux impératifs du spectacle, de l'art et de la psychanalyse, qui soutiennent le pouvoir du nom manquant, ils permettent le sujet du désir de trouver des échappatoires où il peut résister.

Spectacle compliance among adolescents in Southern India: Perspectives of service providers

Purpose: Compliance to spectacle wear is vital to elimination of avoidable blindness among schoolchildren. This study aims to understand the barriers to compliance and strategies to overcome the barriers from the perspectives of the service providers of the school vision-screening model. Methods: A snapshot qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted among the service providers including eye care professionals (ECPs) and social workers that are part of the school screening program. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. Themes were formed following inductive coding using a conceptual framework. Results: Out of the three FGDs, two were with ECPs and one with social workers. Four subthemes identified under the barriers were poor awareness, spectacle-related, psychosocial, and financial barriers. Unique barriers according to the service providers included nonuse of spectacles by asymptomatic children, children with unilateral refractive errors and those with emmetropic parents. Service providers also brought out parent's feelings of guilt, doubts about their children's impaired vision, the negative self-image among children, and difficulties in obtaining funding to support the costs of screening. Solutions that emerged included the personal visit of professionals for spectacle distribution and counseling parents, demonstration of improvement in vision for activities that were difficult for the children without spectacles and rewarding, and role modeling of compliant children. Conclusion: This study had identified unique barriers and solutions from the perspectives of the service providers. The suggested strategies would aid in an effective schoolchildren vision screening practice to enhance compliance to spectacle wear.

Assessing the inclusion of primary school children in vision screening for refractive error program of India

Purpose: In India, teachers screen middle school children using the 6/9 Snellen's optotype. Recently, the National Program for Control of Blindness included primary school students also. The present cross-sectional study was planned to assess the inclusion of primary school students. Compliance to spectacles was ascertained after 6 months follow-up. Methods: Randomly selected 23 Government primary schools. A total of 30 teachers were nominated and given hands-on training in vision screening and recording formats. Teachers conducted vision screening of primary school students of their respective schools using the 6/12 Snellen's chart and referred students with subnormal vision to optometrist. Optometrist also validated the screening done by teachers. Optometrist screened the vision of 5% randomly selected children screened by teachers as having normal vision. Descriptive statistics used STATA version 13.0. Results: A total of 6056 students screened by the teachers. Sensitivity and specificity of teacher screening were 92.3% (confidence interval [CI] 88.6–95.0) and 72.6% (CI 68.2–76.6)), respectively. About 277 students underwent refraction and 186 prescribed spectacles. The prevalence of myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism is 2.5% (2.1–2.9), 0.6% (0.4–0.8), and 1.3% (1.0–1.6), respectively. Compliance to spectacles usage is 36%. Conclusion: Burden of refractive error in primary school is very low. Trained teachers can identify children with subnormal vision, but the false-positive rate is very high. Compliance to spectacle use among primary school children is also less. Vision screening by teachers prioritized in secondary schools and preschool screening should be done by more skilled eye care workers preferably optometrist.

Spectacle prescription in children: Understanding practical approach of Indian ophthalmologists

Purpose: The aim of this study is to survey the management approach, regarding spectacle prescription in children, among Indian ophthalmologists. Methods: A web-based, anonymous questionnaire (multiple choice questions dealing with practical aspects of pediatric refraction), was sent to available database of Indian ophthalmologists. The survey responses (depicted in %) were compared using the amount of pediatric clientele in one's practice (Group A: <25%, Group B: 25% or more). The responses were also analyzed in relation to the published concepts from literature. Results: Two hundred and ten ophthalmologists (2.74% response rate; 48% in Group A), from all over India, responded to the survey. There were wide discrepancies in the responses (both, in and among, Groups A and B; P > 0.05, Chi-square test), as to when and how much refractive error to prescribe in children, for a given situation. Conclusion: A wide gap exists between pediatric spectacle prescription patterns of Indian ophthalmologists, as compared to the recommended pediatric ophthalmology protocols. The management approach, for certain situations concerning the pediatric refraction, was better among those with higher pediatric clientele.

Os megaeventos esportivos na agenda das políticas para a educação física escolar no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Sport's mega events in the policy agenda for school physical education in Rio de Janeiro state / Los mega eventos deportivos en la agenda de las políticas para la educación física escolar en Rio de Janeiro

O artigo tematiza os megaeventos esportivos sediados no Brasil durante as duas primeiras décadas do século XXI e discute a problemática da espetacularização. Tem como objetivo analisar os discursos da Secretaria de Estado de Esporte e Lazer do Rio de Janeiro (SEEL-RJ) que tangenciam esses megaeventos e verificar possíveis implicações para a dinâmica curricu-lar da Educação Física na Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ). As fontes utilizadas na pesquisa são publicações eletrônicas disponibilizadas no site da SEEL. Os dados indicam que os discursos da SEEL têm destacado o que seria uma demanda extraor-dinária para a Educação Física na SEEDUC. Essa demanda teria como objetivo a potenciali-zação de projetos que apontam para a formação de uma elite esportiva no estado.

The paper thematizes the sport's mega events held in Brazil during the first two decades of the twenty-first century and discusses the problematic of the spectacularization. It aims to analyze discourses of SEEL-RJ that tangent these mega events and identify possible implica-tions for curricular dynamics of Physical Education in SEEDUC-RJ. The sources used in the research are electronic publications available on the SEEL's site. The data indicate that the discourses of SEEL have highlighted what would be an extraordinary demand for the Physical Education on SEEDUC. This demand would aim to expand projects related to the formation of elite sports in the state.

El artículo tematiza los grandes eventos deportivos celebrados en Brasil durante las dos pri-meras décadas del siglo XXI y discute el problema de la espectacularización. Su objetivo es analizar los discursos de la Secretaría de Estado de Esporte e Lazer do Rio de Janeiro (SEEL-RJ) vinculadas a esos grandes eventos, así como verificar los posibles envolvimientos para la dinámica del currículo de la Educación Física en la Secretaría del Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ). Las fuentes utilizadas en la investigación son publicaciones electrónicas dis-ponibles en el sitio de la SEEL. Los datos indican que los discursos de la SEEL han destacado lo que sería una exigencia extraordinaria para la Educación Física en la SEEDUC. Esta exi-gencia tendría como objetivo el crecimiento de los proyectos que se direccionan a la estructu-ración de una élite deportiva en el estado.

Lygia Clark: arte e vida / Lygia Clark: art and life

Este trabalho aborda o percurso da artista plástica brasileira Lygia Clark, centrado na proposta de recolocar vivencialmente o homem no mundo. Sua obra pode ser lida como uma resposta às questões fomentadas pela sociedade do espetáculo.

This work deals with the artistic paths of the brazilian artist Lygia Clark, that is centered on the proposal to relocate man in the world. Her work can be read as an answer to the questions fostered by the society of the spectacle.

Clube da luta¹ e a sociedade do espetáculo / Fight club and the society of spectacle / El club de la lucha y la sociedad del espectáculo / Fight club et la société du spectacle

Este artigo busca discutir os processos de subjetivação na contemporaneidade, atravessados pela lógica capitalista de consumo e descarte, a partir da discursividade enunciada pelo filme Clube da Luta. Da mesma forma, procura-se pensar qual é o papel da clínica diante do cenário contemporâneo, que autores como Joel Birman e Maria Rita Kehl chamam de sociedade do espetáculo e cultura da imagem. Junto à película, à luz da análise de discurso foucaultiana, pinçam-se algumas falas dos personagens principais para analisar o que dizem sobre as relações do sujeito para com o mundo contemporâneo e o que a clínica, enquanto ética de escuta, tem a problematizar. A partir da análise de discurso e de sua costura com alguns conceitos advindos da psicanálise e da filosofia da diferença, se percorrerá uma discussão sobre o filme anunciado; a sociedade capitalística contemporânea e o sujeito que emerge neste contexto; e a posição da clínica neste cenário.

This article discusses the subjectivity processes in contemporary times, crossed by the capitalist logic of consumption and disposal, from the discourse articulated by movie "Fight Club". The same way, aims thinking what the role of the clinic before this contemporary scenario is, which authors such as Joel Birman and Maria Rita Kehl, call the society of the spectacle and image culture. Along the film, in the light of Foucault's Discourse Analysis, tweezers some of the main characters lines to analyze them in what they say about the relationship of the subject to the contemporary world and what the clinic, while ethical listening has to question. From the analysis of discourse and its seam with some concepts arising from psychoanalysis and philosophy of difference, a discussion will be made about:the announced film; the contemporary capitalist society and the subject that emerges in this context; and the clinic's position on this scenario.

Este artículo busca discutir los procesos de subjetivación en la contemporaneidad, atravesados por la lógica capitalista de consumo y desecho, a partir de la discursividad enunciada por la película "El Club de la Lucha". Deigual forma se busca pensar cuál esel papel de la clínica ante este escenario contemporáneo, que autores como Joel BirmanyMaria Rita Kehl denominan "sociedad del espectáculo" y "cultura de la imagen". A la luz del Análisis de Discurso foucaultiano son seleccionados algunos parlamentos de los personajes principales, para analizarlos en cuanto a lo que dicen sobre las relaciones del sujeto con el mundo contemporáneo y en cuanto a lo que la clínica, como ética de escucha, puede aportar para problematizarlas. A partir del análisis del discurso, hilvanándolo con algunos conceptos provenientes del psicoanálisisy de la filosofía de la diferencia, se desarrollará una discusión sobre la película anunciada, la sociedad capitalista contemporánea yel sujeto que emerge en este contexto, y la posición de la clínica frente a este escenario.

Cet article propose la discussion des processus de subjectivité dans le contemporain, traversé par la logique capitaliste de la consommation et de l'élimination, a partir du discours énoncé par le film «Fight Club¼. Dans ce même sens, il est envisagé penser quel est le rôle de la clinique avant ce scénario contemporain, que auteurs tels que Joel Birman et Maria Rita Kehlappellent la société du spectacle et de la culture de l'image. À la lumière de l'analyse de discours foucaultienne, des paroles sont pincées des principaux personnages et analysées dans ce qu'elles disent à propos des relations entre le sujet et le monde contemporain et ce que la clinique, comme éthique d' écoute, peut y problématiser. De l'analyse du discours et de sa couture avec certains concepts venus de la psychanalyse et la philosophie de la différence, il est construit un itinéraire de discussion qui comporte le fim annoncé, la société capitaliste contemporaine et le sujet qui émerge dans ce contexte, et la position de la clinique dans ce scénario.