A Compreensão da Intersubjetividade Entre um Adolescente Suicida e seus Pais Através da Combinação de Métodos na Análise do Discurso / La Comprensión dela intersubjetividadentre un adolescente suicida y sus padres mediante la combinación de métodos en el análisis del discurso / Understanding Intersubjectivity Between a Suicidal Adolescent and His Parents Through the Combination of Methods in Discourse Analysis

Trata-se de um recorte de pesquisa de doutorado em que se intencionou estudar o vínculo intersubjetivo familiar em um adolescente com histórico de tentativa de suicídio, pautando-se nos desejos e defesas. Utilizou-se a combinação de três instrumentos (ADL-AH, ADL-R e o Genograma) para a análise do discurso. Após exame individual dos dados apontados por cada instrumento, realizou-se asanálises comparativas. Inicialmente, confrontou-se os resultados do ADL-AH com o ADL-R conforme a descrição do caso. Em seguida, o Genograma propiciou o entendimento intergeracional da família estudada, confirmou aspectos já levantados e elucidou pontos dos quais o ADL não poderia ter alcançado, embora esse último tenha encontrado discrepâncias no discurso, isto é, aquilo que se pretendia disfarçar ou esconder de forma consciente ou inconsciente. A combinaçãodos três instrumentos trouxe consistência para a investigação no sentido de uma melhor compreensão da intersubjetividade do adolescente, sua família e do comportamento suicida AU

Este es un extracto de una investigación doctoral que tuvo como objetivo estudiar el vínculo familiar intersubjetivo en un adolescente con antecedentes de intento de suicidio, basado en deseos y defensas. Para el análisis del discurso se utilizó una combinación de tres instrumentos (ADL-AH, ADL-R y Genograma). Luego de examinar individualmente los datos indicados por cada instrumento, se realizaron comparaciones. Inicialmente se confrontaran los resultados del ADL-AH con el ADL-R según la descripción del caso. Luego, el Genograma proporcionó una comprensión intergeneracional de la familia estudiada, confirmó aspectos ya planteados y aclaró puntos que la ADL no podría haber logrado, aunque este último tenga encontrado discrepancias en el discurso, es decir, lo que se pretendía disfrazar u ocultar consciente o inconscientemente. Esta combinación aportó consistencia a la investigación y con ella fue posible tener una mejor comprensión de la intersubjetividad, del adolescente, su familia y la conducta suicida AU

Rapid detection of mild cognitive impairment using natural language processing / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To automatically and rapidly detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an objective manner using natural language processing (NLP).Methods:A total of 215 participants (half female) aged 50 to 80 were recruited for the study′s normal cognition and MCI groups. Speech tasks and the mini mental state examination (MMSE-2) were used to collect audio data and quantify cognitive functioning. Altogether 162 acoustic features were extracted including the speaking speed, syllable number, syllable duration, number of pauses, duration of pauses, the standard deviation of formant frequency and sound pressure variation. They were compared between the two groups and genders. Multiple regression analysis was used to formulate a model predicting MCI. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of its predictions were used to evaluate its predictive power.Results:There were significant differences between the two groups in 50 acoustic features including their pronunciation rhythm and pronunciation accuracy. Univariate correlation analysis revealed that the pronunciation rhythm was significantly associated with cognitive functioning. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the model were 0.54, 0.80 and 0.69 for males and 0.00, 0.86 and 0.63 for females.Conclusion:MCI greatly affects pronunciation rhythm. Acoustic analysis based on NLP can detect MCI rapidly and objectively.

Cambio y estancamiento terapéutico en pacientes con intento suicida desde dos metodologías de análisis de discurso / Therapeutic change and stagnation in patients with suicide attempt from two methodologies of discourse analysis

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar desde dos métodos de análisis de discurso (Indicadores de Cambio Genérico y el Algoritmo David Liberman-AH) los momentos de cambio y estancamiento en extractos de entrevista de una persona con intento suicida que acudió a un proceso de psicoterapia. Se analizaron en los fragmentos los intercambios entre paciente y terapeuta. El primer fragmento corresponde a un episodio de cambio terapéutico y el segundo a uno de estancamiento. En los resultados se muestra la calificación de los fragmentos mediante los dos métodos y se destacan semejanzas en cuanto a los criterios para delimitar el cambio y el estancamiento. En la discusión se precisa la importancia del uso de ambos métodos para una detección detallada de procesos de pensamiento, sensopercepción y afecto relacionados con el intento suicida, así como sobre el surgimiento y sostenimiento de sentimientos de bienestar en los episodios de cambio, además se valora la diferencia que ofrece el ADL, dado que proporciona la detección de defensas(AU)

Two fragments of a psychotherapy process with a patient with a suicide attempt were analyzed from two discourse analysis methodologies. The first corresponds to an episode of therapeutic change and the second to one of stagnation. Similarities were observed in both methods in terms of the criteria for delimiting change and stagnation, as well as the importance of using both methods for a detailed detection of thought processes, sensory perception and affect related to the suicide attempt, as well as the emergence and maintenance of feelings of well-being in episodes of change;in addition, the difference offered by the ADL is valued, since it provides the detection of defenses(AU)

Compreensões Fenomenológicas da Reexposição ao Trauma Sexual com Base nos Relatos de Mulheres / Phenomenological Understandings About Sexual Trauma Re-Exposure Based on Women's Reports / Comprensiones Fenomenológicas de la Reexposición al Trauma Sexual Basada en Informes de Mujeres

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do projeto temático "Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e neuroprogressão: trauma e estresse no aumento da carga alostática e aceleração do processo de envelhecimento", realizado com mulheres vítimas de violência sexual e que desenvolveram estresse pós-traumático no estado de São Paulo. Neste estudo, são apresentados relatos de violência sexual na infância e na adolescência e sua reexposição na vida adulta e, com isso, tem como objetivo trazer à luz compreensões acerca dessa vivência a fim de abrir possibilidades de intervenções adequadas. Foram realizadas entrevistas reflexivas com quatro colaboradoras que, na triagem do Projeto Temático, responderam positivamente a um questionário de abuso e negligência durante a infância e na adolescência. Na análise fenomenológica, seus discursos foram separados em oito categorias de sentido (Afeto, Culpa, Mundo familiar, Não dito, Racismo, Profissionais, Hoje e Reexposição à violência sexual). Concluiu-se que a violência sexual diz respeito a uma responsabilidade política, uma vez que as colaboradoras culpam-se por acreditarem que a vulnerabilidade delas reside em algum comportamento provocado por elas mesmas e não por mais um dispositivo de violência contra a mulher.

This paper was developed based upon a thematic project "Posttraumatic stress disorder and neuroprogression: trauma and stress increasing load allostatic and accelerating the aging process", conducted with women who suffered sexual assault and developed post-traumatic stress disorder in the state of São Paulo. This study has reports about sexual violence in childhood and adolescence and its re-exposures in adulthood and seeks to bring up understandings about this experience in order to open possibilities for a more appropriate intervention. Reflective interviews were made with four collaborators that previously answered positively to a questionnaire of abuse and neglect during childhood and adolescence in the screening of the Thematic Project. With the phenomenological analysis their speech was split into eight categories (Affections, Guilt, Familiar world, Unsaid, Racism, Health professionals, Today and Sexual violence re-exposure). It has been concluded that sexual violence concerns to a political responsibility, once the collaborators blamed themselves for they believe that their vulnerability was their fault instead of a tradition of gender violence.

Esta investigación se desarrolló a partir del proyecto temático "Trastorno de estrés postraumático y neuroprogresión: el trauma y el estrés en el aumento de la carga alostática y la aceleración del proceso de envejecimiento", realizado con mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual y que desarrollaron estrés postraumático, en el estado de São Paulo. En este estudio, se presentan relatos de violencia sexual en la infancia y en la adolescencia y su reexposición en la edad adulta y, con ello, se pretende sacar a la luz comprensiones acerca de esa experiencia, para abrir posibilidades de intervenciones adecuadas. Se realizaron entrevistas reflexivas con cuatro colaboradoras que, en el triaje del Proyecto Temático, respondieron positivamente a un cuestionario sobre abuso y negligencia en la infancia y la adolescencia. En el análisis fenomenológico, sus discursos se separaron en ocho categorías de sentido (Afecto, Culpa, Mundo Familiar, No Dicho, Racismo, Profesionales, Actualidad y Reexposición a la Violencia Sexual). Se concluyó que la violencia sexual tiene que ver con una responsabilidad política patriarcal, ya que las colaboradoras se culpan a sí mismas por creer que su vulnerabilidad radica en algún comportamiento causado por ellas mismas y no por más un dispositivo de violencia contra las mujeres.

13 anos depois: diálogos sobre a Interrupção Voluntária da Gestação em Portugal / 13 Years Later: Dialogues on Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy in Portugal

Resumo A Lei 16/2007 representou um marco na luta pelos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das cidadãs portuguesas, instituindo a possibilidade da exclusão da ilicitude para as interrupções voluntárias da gestação, realizadas até a décima semana, por solicitação das mulheres. Através de uma pesquisa descritivo-analítica, objetivou-se conhecer a opinião das cidadãs e de investigadoras (atuantes na causa), frente a esse processo e às transformações que dele decorreram, com ênfase no contexto atual. Entre março e setembro de 2020 foram realizadas 12 entrevistas, divididas em duas etapas. Ao serem precedidas as técnicas da Análise de Discurso, chegou-se à existência de alguns pontos frágeis, como a incerteza sobre o acesso, a presença de julgamentos e as limitações interpostas pela objeção da consciência, que refletem as necessidades de ampliação das semanas gestacionais permitidas para a interrupção. Houve um reconhecimento quanto à segurança nos procedimentos, na liberdade das mulheres diante das suas escolhas, na maior abertura para o diálogo, fato este que contribuiu conjuntamente com o reforço no planejamento familiar. Para além dessas construções, novas demandas foram situadas.

Abstract Law 16/2007 represented a milestone in the quest for sexual and reproductive rights of Portuguese citizens, instituting the possibility of excluding all illegality for voluntary termination of pregnancy, performed until the 10th week, at the request of the women involved. Using a descriptive-analytical research, the objective was to establish the opinion of citizens and researchers (active in the cause), in the course of this process and the transformations that resulted from it, with emphasis on the current context. Between March and September, 12 interviews were conducted, divided into two stages. When the Discourse Analysis techniques were analyzed, there were some weak points, such as the uncertainty about access, the presence of judgments and the limitations interposed by the conscientious objectors, which reflect the need to expand the allowed gestational period for termination. There was recognition of security in procedures, women's freedom in their choices, greater openness to dialogue, a fact that contributed jointly with the strengthening of family planning. In addition to these constructions, new demands were configured.

La informetría y el análisis del discurso aplicados a la producción científica en la Ciencia de Datos y Ciencia de la información / Informetrics and discourse analysis applied to scientific production in Data Science and Information Science

Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la producción científica en la intersección temática de la Ciencia de Datos (CD) y la Ciencia de la Información (CI). Método. Estudio informétrico, descriptivo, y de primera incursión, en el análisis del discurso escrito de los textos académicos incluidos en la Web of Science (WoS), periodo 1900 al 6 de noviembre de 2020, y cuya cobertura de búsqueda fue en las bases de datos: SCI.Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI, CPCI-S, CPCI.SSH, BKCI-. y BKCI.SSH. Resultados. Se recuperaron y analizaron 49 documentos representados en 38 artículos, 7 textos de memorias de congresos, 2 capítulos de libro y 2 materiales editoriales. El conjunto de las investigaciones que tratan el tema de la CD y la CI sumaron 128 citas, 2.6 citas por documento e índice H: 7. Discusión.Conceptualmente, se encontró que para la CD y la CI su origen son los datos y que ambas disciplinas son predominantemente de carácter práctico. En aquellas investigaciones con mayor visibilidad hay participación multiautoral. La CD y la CI son áreas del conocimiento recientes en las cuales las tecnologías de la información son indispensables para el análisis de grandes cantidades de datos e información. Conclusiones. La CD y CI tienen un carácter intra y multi y transdisciplinar y se caracterizan por utilizar las tecnologías de la información para el análisis de grandes cantidades de datos e información.

Abstract Objective. To research scientific production at the thematic intersection of Data Science (DS) and Information Science (IS). Method. Informetric, descriptive study, and of first incursion, in the analysis of the written discourse of the academic texts included in the Web of Science (WoS), period 1900 to November 6, 2020, and coverage in the databases: SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A & HCI, ESCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S and BKCI-SSH. Results. 49 documents represented in 38 articles, 7 conference memoires, 2 book chapters and 2 editorial materials were retrieved and analyzed. The set of investigations that deal with the subject of DS and IS added 128 citations, 2.6 citations per document and H index: 7. Discussion. Conceptually, it was found that for DS and IS their origin is the data and that both disciplines are predominantly practical. In those investigations with greater visibility there are more than an author. DS and IS are recent areas of knowledge in which information technologies are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data and information. Conclusions. DS and IS have an intra- and multi and transdisciplinary character and they are characterized by the use of information technologies for the analysis of large amounts of data and information.

Lowering costs for large-scale screening in psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of performance and value of information for speech-based psychiatric evaluation

Objective: Obstacles for computational tools in psychiatry include gathering robust evidence and keeping implementation costs reasonable. We report a systematic review of automated speech evaluation for the psychosis spectrum and analyze the value of information for a screening program in a healthcare system with a limited number of psychiatrists (Maputo, Mozambique). Methods: Original studies on speech analysis for forecasting of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, diagnosis of manifested psychotic disorder, and first-episode psychosis (FEP) were included in this review. Studies addressing non-verbal components of speech (e.g., pitch, tone) were excluded. Results: Of 168 works identified, 28 original studies were included. Valuable speech features included direct measures (e.g., relative word counting) and mathematical embeddings (e.g.: word-to-vector, graphs). Accuracy estimates reported for schizophrenia diagnosis and CHR conversion ranged from 71 to 100% across studies. Studies used structured interviews, directed tasks, or prompted free speech. Directed-task protocols were faster while seemingly maintaining performance. The expected value of perfect information is USD 9.34 million. Imperfect tests would nevertheless yield high value. Conclusion: Accuracy for screening and diagnosis was high. Larger studies are needed to enhance precision of classificatory estimates. Automated analysis presents itself as a feasible, low-cost method which should be especially useful for regions in which the physician pool is insufficient to meet demand.

Ideologia como estratégia de colonização da subjetividade na sociedade capitalista contemporânea / Ideology as a strategy of the colonization of the subjectivity in the contemporary capitalist society

O conceito de ideologia tem incitado diversas polêmicas e interpretações em torno de seu uso. Como resultado, há uma tendência à neutralização e ao abandono do termo. Dessa maneira, a fim de ler e interpretar a compreensão acerca do conceito de ideologia presente nos discursos, este artigo visa a resgatar o caráter crítico do conceito de ideologia a partir de uma aproximação entre a psicanálise e o marxismo. A ideologia, nessa perspectiva teórica, torna-se uma estratégia de colonização da subjetividade em uma sociedade capitalista e que, portanto, traz sofrimento para as pessoas. A partir das contribuições de autores como Ernesto Laclau, busca-se também analisar como a ideologia se manifesta na linguagem ao produzir engodo e distanciamento entre o pensamento e a realidade material que organiza o ser social. Dessa maneira, a ideologia opera na produção de uma fantasia que acoberta a impossibilidade de plenitude em que todos estariam representados pelo capitalismo.

The concept of ideology, historically, hás created several polemics and interpretations around its use. In this way, there was a tendency towards its neutralization and abandonment. This present article aim storescuethe critical character of this concept. For thus, we Will based in the theoretical study about this theme to fulfil of reading and interpreting the ideology in the discourses as of articulation between Psychoanalysis and Marxism. In this theoretical approach, we Will see that the ideology becomes a strategy of colonization of the subjectivity in the capitalist society and, therefore, produce suffering to the people. Based on the contributions as Ernesto Laclau, it was possible to analyse as the ideology manifest it self in language, producing mistakes and distance of the thought to the material reality that organizes the social being. Thus, the ideology operates in the production of fantasy that covers the impossibility of fullness in which everybody would be represented in the capitalism

Cura Gay? Debates parlamentares sobre a (des)patologização da homossexualidade / ¿Cura gay? Debates parlamentarios sobre la (des)patologización de la homosexualidad / Gay cure? Parliamentary debates on the (de)pathologization of homosexuality

Resumo O artigo investigou debates parlamentares na Câmara Federal brasileira sobre a permissibilidade de psicólogos oferecerem tratamento de conversão à heterossexualidade para homossexuais entre 2009 e 2013. A metodologia consistiu na análise dos discursos dos deputados. Entre os apoiadores destas terapias se destacaram parlamentares evangélicos, que manifestaram concepções negativas sobre a homossexualidade. Entre os que se opuseram a estas terapias se destacaram parlamentares feministas e representantes dos movimentos LGBTs (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Transgêneros), que manifestaram concepções positivas sobre a homossexualidade, relacionando-a à diversidade sexual humana. A proibição destes tratamentos foi mantida, assegurando-se a defesa dos direitos humanos e a autonomia do Conselho Federal de Psicologia.

Resumen El artículo investigó debates parlamentarios en la Cámara de los Diputados en Brasil sobre el permisibilidad de psicólogos para ofrecer tratamiento de conversión a heterosexualidad para homosexuales entre 2009 y 2013. La metodología consistió en examinar los discursos de los diputados. Entre los defensores de estas terapias se destacaban los parlamentarios evangélicos, que expresaban concepciones negativas sobre la homosexualidad. Entre los que se opusieron a estas terapias se destacaron parlamentarios feministas y representantes de movimientos LGBT (Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis y Transexuales), que expresaban concepciones positivas sobre la homosexualidad, relacionándola con la diversidad sexual humana. La prohibición de estos tratamientos se mantuvo, asegurando la defensa de los derechos humanos y la autonomía del Consejo Federal de Psicología.

Abstract The article investigated parliamentary debates in Brazilian Federal Chamber on the permissibility of psychologists to offer treatment of conversion to heterosexuality for homosexuals between 2009 and 2013. The methodology consisted of the analysis of the speeches of the deputies. Supporters of these therapies include evangelical parliamentarians, who conceive of homosexuality as perversion, and among those who opposed feminist parliamentarians and representatives of the LGBT movements (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transsexual and Transgender) who conceive of homosexuality as a manifestation of human sexual diversity. The prohibition of these treatments was maintained, ensuring the defense of human rights and the autonomy of the Federal Council of Psychology.

Medicalização, diagnóstico clínico e queixa-conduta - redes de significação em jogo / Medicalization, clinical diagnosis, and "treat and street" - networks of meaning at stake / Medicalización, diagnóstico clínico y queja-conducta - redes de significación en juego

Este artigo faz emergir uma rede discursiva entre o processo de medicalização, o funcionamento discursivo do diagnóstico clínico na contemporaneidade e um funcionamento particular de clínica médica sustentado por um atendimento do tipo queixa-conduta. Empreendendo uma Análise Discursiva, percorremos movimentos de sentido constitutivos da história da palavra 'diagnóstico', realizando um gesto analítico que retoma suas condições de produção e funcionamento na atualidade, explicitando efeitos da medicalização. Abordamos o atendimento queixa-conduta, no qual a posição-sujeito médico se insere em condições de produção para que o fármaco assuma o lugar da autoria na relação médico-paciente, impactado pelo próprio funcionamento do diagnóstico na atualidade. Resulta que esse funcionamento do diagnóstico na prática clínica implica um silenciamento do laço social e político pressuposto nessa prática, o que permite o estabelecimento do fármaco como lugar de enunciação dos procedimentos que visem à saúde do paciente.(AU)

The present paper examines a discursive network between the medicalization process, the discursive functioning of clinical diagnoses in the contemporary world, and a specific functioning of medical practice grounded on a "treat and street" type of care. By developing a discursive analysis, the authors track the history of the word "diagnosis" in an analytical movement that reexamines its conditions of production and functioning at present, making the effects of medicalization explicit. The study addresses "treat and street" care, in which the position-subject physician inserts him/herself in a production condition so that the drug takes the authorship role in the relationship between physicians and patients, as a consequence of the functioning of diagnosis. This diagnosis functioning in clinical practice implies a silencing of the social and political bond assumed in this practice, which allows the establishment of drugs as a setting of enunciation of the procedures oriented toward care to patients.(AU)

Este artículo hace surgir una red discursiva entre el proceso de medicalización, el funcionamiento discursivo del diagnóstico clínico en la contemporaneidad y un funcionamiento particular de clínica médica sustentado por una atención del tipo queja-conducta. Realizando un Análisis Discursivo, recorrimos movimientos de sentido constitutivo de la historia de la palabra 'diagnóstico', realizando un gesto analítico que retoma sus condiciones de producción y funcionamiento en la actualidad, explicitando efectos de la medicalización. Abordamos la atención queja-conducta, en la cual la posición sujeto médico se insiere en condiciones de producción para que el fármaco asuma el lugar de la autoría en la relación médico-paciente, impactado por el propio funcionamiento del diagnóstico en la actualidad. Resulta que ese funcionamiento del diagnóstico en la práctica clínica implica en un silenciamiento del vínculo social y político supuesto en esa práctica, lo que permite el establecimiento del fármaco como lugar de enunciación de los procedimientos cuyo objetivo es la salud del paciente.(AU)

Discursos de gênero e saúde: Debatendo a PNAISH com seus usuários / Gender and health discourses: Debating PNAISH with users

Resumo Este trabalho visa confrontar o corpo instituído pela PNAISH com os corpos performatizados pelos usuários dessa política na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de Belo Horizonte. Através da Análise do Discurso e da teoria da performatividade de gênero, analisou-se o corpus proveniente de entrevistas com 09 homens que utilizam os serviços da APS. Os resultados evidenciam, tanto performances de gênero que, consonantes com a PNAISH, se pautam no corpo genitalizado como forma de resistência ao cuidado; quanto performances de gênero que transgridem as perspectivas desta Política. Procurou-se fomentar as discussões sobre as dificuldades de integração de homens às políticas de saúde.

Abstract The objective of this study was to confront man's body as conceptualized by PNAISH with man's body performatized by male users of this policy in Basic Health Care (BHC) in Belo Horizonte. Using speech analysis and the theory of gender perfomativity, the corpus derived of the interviews with 9 men who use the BHC services was analyzed. The results highlighted gender performance which, consistent with PNAISH, is based on a genitalized body as a way of care resistance, as well as gender performance that transgress the perspectives of this policy. This study sought to encourage discussions about difficulties of men´s integration to health policies.

A tragicidade do sujeito do discurso / The tragicity of the subject of the speech / La fatalidad del sujeto del discurso / La tragédie du sujet du discours

Os conceitos de discurso e tragicidade nos remetem aos conceitos de ideologia e de sujeito na atualidade. Utilizamos a perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux (1988b) para analisar a constituição do sujeito sob efeito de sentidos entre interlocutores determinados sócio-historicamente e interpelados pela ideologia. A tragicidade do sujeito do discurso sob a perspectiva discursiva pode ser concebida no paradoxo do funcionamento do mecanismo de interpelação, que dá origem ao sujeito. Este, ao mesmo tempo em que se acredita autônomo e livre, tem sua liberdade emaranhada em determinações econômicas ou sociais. A esse sujeito, tomado como "evidência descritiva" da ideologia, contrapõe-se o sujeito que se constitui no discurso. Esse último oferece resistência ao destino trágico do idealismo, cuja função é tentar apagar outros sentidos possíveis. Embora a interpelação pela ideologia mascare o caráter material do sentido - impondo a transparência de sentido, o sentido único -, Pêcheux (1988b), p. 255) traz um alerta sobre a possibilidade de resistência e revolta dentro do processo de assujeitamento, pois, para ele, a ideologia existe "sob a modalidade da divisão, ela só se realiza na contradição". O deslocamento ideológico, o imprevisível, interrompe a perpetuação das repetições do ritual ideológico. Esse acontecimento, sob a perspectiva da psicanálise - que concebe o sujeito como dividido, e não centrado -, permite compreender o sujeito do discurso sob a dimensão de "efeito do significante" (Lacan, 1998, p. 196) e nos leva a concluir que a subjetividade é um lugar que cumpre dupla função: a de evidenciar o assujeitamento e a de evidenciar a subversão do sujeito, rompendo o círculo vicioso do idealismo, fazendo interromper o destino trágico do sujeito capturado pela interpelação ideológica.

The concepts of discourse and tragicness in the present time refer us to the concepts of ideology and subject. We use the theoretical perspective of the Discourse Analysis of Michel Pêcheux (1988b), to analyze the constitution of the subject under the effect of senses between socio-historically determined interlocutors and interpellated by the ideology. The tragicness of the subject of discourse on the discursive perspective can be conceived in the paradox of the functioning of the mechanism of interpellation, which gives rise to the subject: while he believes to be autonomous and free, has his freedom entangled in economic or social determinations. To this subject taken as "descriptive evidence" of ideology, we oppose the subject that constitutes the discourse. The latter offers resistance to the tragic destiny of idealism whose function is to try to erase other possible meanings. Although the interpellation by ideology masks the material character of meaning - imposing the transparency of meaning, the single meaning -, Pêcheux (1988b, p. 255) brings an alert about the possibility of resistance and revolt within the process of subjection, because, for him ideology exists "under the modality of division, it only takes place in the contradiction". The ideological shift, the unpredictable, interrupts the perpetuation of the repetitions of ideological ritual. This event, from the perspective of psychoanalysis - which conceives the subject as divided and not centered - allows us to understand the subject of discourse under the dimension of "effect of the signifier" (Lacan, 1998, p. 196) and leads us to conclude that subjectivity is a place that fulfills a dual function: evidencing the subjection one and the subversion of this, breaking the vicious circle of idealism, thus interrupting the tragic destiny of the subject captured by the ideological interpellation.

Los conceptos de discurso y fatalidad en la actualidad llévanos a los conceptos de ideología y de sujeto. Utilizamos la perspectiva teórica del Análisis del Discurso de Michel Pêcheux (1988b), para analizar la constitución del sujeto bajo efecto de sentidos entre interlocutores determinados histórico-socialmente e interrumpidos por la ideología. La fatalidad del sujeto del discurso bajo la perspectiva discursiva puede ser concebida en la paradoja del funcionamiento del mecanismo de interrupción, que origina el sujeto: este, al mismo tiempo en que se cree autónomo y libre, tiene su libertad enredada en determinaciones económicas o sociales. A este sujeto tomado como "evidencia descriptiva" de la ideología contraponemos el sujeto que se constituye en el discurso. Este último ofrece resistencia al destino trágico del idealismo cuya función es intentar borrar otros posibles sentidos. Aunque la interrupción por la ideología enmascare el carácter material del sentido - imponiendo la transparencia de sentido, el sentido único -, Pêcheux (1988b, p. 255) trae un alerta sobre la posibilidad de resistencia y revuelta dentro del proceso de sometimiento, porque, para él, la ideología existe "bajo la modalidad de la división, ella se realiza solo en la contradicción". El desplazamiento ideológico, el imprevisible, interrumpe la perpetuación de las repeticiones del rito ideológico. Este suceso, bajo la perspectiva del psicoanálisis - que concibe el sujeto como dividido y no centrado -, permite comprender el sujeto del discurso bajo la dimensión de "efecto del significante" (Lacan, 1998, p. 196) y llévanos a concluir que la subjetividad es un lugar que cumple doble función: la de evidenciar el sometimiento y la de evidenciar la subversión de este, rompiendo el círculo vicioso del idealismo, interrumpiendo el trágico destino del sujeto capturado por la interpelación ideológica.

Les notions de discours et tragédie d'aujourd'hui nous renvoient aux concepts de l'idéologie et du sujet. Nous utilisons la perspective théorique de l'Analyse du Discours, de Michel Pêcheux (1988b), pour examiner la constitution du sujet sous l'effet du sens entre interlocuteurs socio-historiquement determinés et interpellés par l'idéologie. La tragédie du sujet du discours sous la perspective discursive peut être conçue dans le paradoxe du fonctionnement du mécanisme d'interpellation, qui donne lieu au sujet: le sujet a sa liberté emmêlé dans des déterminations économiques ou sociaux, au même temps qu'il se croit indépendent et libre. À ce sujet considéré comme une «preuve descriptive¼ de l'idéologie, nous comparons le sujet qui s'est conçu dans le discours. Ce dernier offre une résistance au destin tragique de l'idéalisme dont la fonction est d'essayer de supprimer d'autres sens possibles. Bien que l'interpellation par l'idéologie déguise le caractère matériel du sens - en imposant la transparence du sens, le sens unique -, Pêcheux (1988b, p. 255) apporte un avertissement sur la possibilité de résistance et de rébellion dans le processus de sujétion, car, pour lui, l'idéologie existe «sous la modalité de la division, elle ne se réalise que dans la contradiction¼. Le changement idéologique, l'imprévisible, interrompt la perpétuation des répétitions du rituel idéologique. Cet événement, du point de vue de la psychanalyse - qui conçoit le sujet comme divisé et pas centré - permet de comprendre le sujet du discours sous la diménsion de «l'effet du signifiant¼ (Lacan, 1998, p. 196). Cet événement nous amène, aussi, à conclure que la subjectivité est un endroit qui répond à double fonction: mettre en évidence la sujétion et mettre en évidence son subversion, en faisant rompre le cercle vicieux de l'idéalisme, en arrêtant le destin tragique du sujet capturé par l'interpellation idéologique.

Discurso e identidade: a construção discursiva do Nordeste na mídia paraibana / Discourse and identity: the discursive construction of the Northeast in the paraibana media / Discurso e identidad: la construción discursiva del Nordeste en la mídia paraibana / Discours et identité: la construction discursive du Nord-Est dans la midia de la Paraíba

Este trabalho analisa as representações discursivas acerca do Nordeste Brasileiro na mídia paraibana, destacando as semelhanças e diferenças das representações atuais em relação às representações tradicionais que constituíram a identidade regional nordestina ao longo do século XX. Utilizamo-nos da técnica de Análise de Discurso desenvolvida pelos teóricos da Psicologia Social Discursiva. Foram analisadas as edições dominicais dos dois maiores jornais do Estado da Paraíba: Jornal da Paraíba e Correio da Paraíba, no período entre os meses de abril e julho do ano de 2012. Observou-se a presença recorrente de velhas imagens que associam o Nordeste a fenômenos como seca e subdesenvolvimento. Ao lado desses conteúdos, observou-se a emergência de novas representações que o apresentam como uma região em franco desenvolvimento econômico e social e como uma região produtora de conhecimento e tecnologia. Tais resultados mostram que a mídia paraibana constrói uma identidade nordestina multifacetada e contraditória.

The present study analyzes the discursive representations about Brazilian Northeast in the paraibana media, highlighting the similarities and differences of current representations in relation to traditional ones that constituted the Northeastern regional identity throughout the twentieth century. To do so, we used the Speech Analysis technique developed by theorists of Social Discursive Psychology. The Sunday editions of the two major newspapers in the state of Paraíba were analysed: Jornal da Paraíba and Correio da Paraíba, between April and July of 2012. In these sources were observed the recurring presence of old images that associate the Northeast to phenomena such as drought and underdevelopment. Futhermore, the emergence of new representations that portray northeast as a region in social and economic development and as a producer of knowledge and technology was noted. These results show that the paraibana media builds a multifaceted and contradictory northeastern identity.

Este trabajo analisa las representaciones discursivas acerca del Nordeste Brasileño en la mídia paraibana, destacando las semejanzas y diferencias de las representaciones atuales en relación a las representaciones tradicionales que constituiyeron la identidad regional nordestina al largo del siglo XX. Utilizandóse de la técnica de Análise del Discurso desenrollada por los teóricos de la Psicología Social Discursiva. Fueron analisadas las ediciones dominicales de los dos mayores periódicos del Estado de Paraíba: Jornal de Paraíba y Correio de Paraíba, enel período entre los meses de abril y julio del año de 2012. Observandóse la presencia recorriente de viejas imagens que associan el Nordeste a los fenómenos como la seca y sub-desarrollo. Al lado de estos contenidos, observandóse a la emergencia de nuevas representaciones que presentan como una región en franco desarrollo econômico y social y como una región productora de conocimiento y tecnología. Tales resultados muestran que la mídia paraibana construye una identidad nordestina multifacetada y contraditória.

Ce document analyse les représentations discursives au sujet du Nord-Est brésilien dans Paraiba médias, mettant en évidence les similitudes et les différences de représentations actuelles par rapport aux représentations traditionnelles qui constituaient l'identité régionale nord tout au long du XXe siècle. Nous comptons sur la technique d'analyse vocale développée par les théoriciens discursive Social Psychology. les éditions du dimanche ont été analysés à partir de deux grands journaux de l'État de Paraíba : Jornal da Paraiba et Correio da Paraíba, entre les mois d'Avril et Juillet 2012. Il y avait la présence récurrente de vieilles images qui associent le Nord-Est des phénomènes tels que la sécheresse et le sousdéveloppement. A côté de ces contenus, l'émergence a été observé de nouvelles représentations qui présentent comme une région de développement rapide économique et social et en tant que zone de production de la connaissance et de la technologie. Ces résultats montrent que les médias de paraibana construit une identité nord-est multiforme et contradictoire.

Sounding Resonance Characteristics of Pre-and Post-Tonsillectomy in Patients with Tonsil Hypertrophy / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the influence of tonsillectomy on resonance characteristics of four resonance cavity in patients with tonsil hypertrophy (II or III degree) .Methods Using multi-channel voice analysis system to test the cavity resonance characteristics and energy distribution of 38 tonsil hypertrophy male patients (including pre- and one month of post-operative) and 40 normal males when they speak /a:/.The frequency spectrum was 4 000 Hz(FR1 ,FR2 ,FR3 ,FR4 ) .Results FR2 ,FR3 energy values of the head cavity and mouth cavity ,and FR2 energy values of the thoracic cavity increased to the level of the normal control group after tonsillectomy(P<0 .05) .FR1 energy values of head ,mouth and thoracic cavity decreased to the level of the normal control group after tonsillecto‐my(P<0 .05) .FR1 ,FR2 ,FR3 ,FR4 energy values of laryngeal cavity maintained the normal level ,including pre- and post - operation .Conclusion Tonsillectomy makes oropharyngeal cavity volume expanded and airflow channel broaden .Tonsillectomy mainly maks high-frequency resonance of head and mouth cavities recovered to the normal level after about one month .

Resonance Characteristics of Pre-and Post -UPPP Operation in Patients with OSAHS / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the influence of UPPP on resonance characteristics of four resonance cavity in patients with OSAHS .Methods Using multi-channel voice analysis system to test the cavity resonance character-istics and energy distribution of 36 OSAHS patients (including pre - and post -operative) and 36 normal males when they speak /a:/.The frequency spectrum was 4 000Hz(FR1 ,FR2 ,FR3 ,FR4 ) .Results FR2 energy values of the head cavity and mouth cavity of OSAHS patients heighten significantly after UPPP (P<0 .05);FR1 energy val-ues of head ,mouth and thoracic cavity were higher than that of in normal males'after UPPP(P<0 .05) .FR2 ,FR3 , FR4 energy values of head cavity ,FR2 ,FR3 energy values of mouth cavity ,FR2 energy values of thoracic cavity were lower than those of in normal males'after UPPP(P<0 .05) .Conclusion UPPP surgery removes the obstruction of the upper airway of OSAHS patients and changes the morphology of the pharynx ,thas changes the resonance charac-teristics of the head cavity and oral .

Speech Evaluation Based on the Type of Cleft Palate

PURPOSE: Authors evaluated results of palatoplasty by speech analysis in bilateral, unilateral complete, and unilateral incomplete and submucous cleft palate patients. METHODS: The speech outcomes were studied in 15 bilateral, 28 unilateral complete, and 46 unilateral incomplete and submucous cleft palate patients who underwent push-back palatoplasties from January 1998 to July 2004. The patients were divided into 2 groups as 3 to 6, 7 to 10-year-old and compared with 20 normal children(control groups were divided into 10 children on each side). Nasal emission test, hypernasality test, and articulation test were done by speech evaluation table which was composed of 39 different words. RESULTS: In all speech evaluation tests, the group of bilateral cleft palate patients got the worst score. And 7 to 10-year-old groups got better score when compared to the same type cleft palate. CONCLUSION: Bilateral cleft palate patients have many more speech problems than other patients. In cleft palate patients, the speech problem was improved with ages, postoperatively. And the speech therapy can improve the operative outcomes.

Effects of Simulated Environment of Spaceflight on Phonetic Features of Speech / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To study changes of phonetic features of mandarin speech when the talker is in stressed environment of spaceflight.Methods The mandarin speech database was established from volunteers speech in 72 h psychological isolation & sleep deprivation experiment,60 d head-down-tilt bed-rest experiment and 60 d sealed module experiment.The phonetic features were fundamental frequency,syllable duration and short-term energy of speech.Results In above three kinds of stressed environments,the changes of fundamental frequency were correlated with appearance of annoyance emotion of volunteers.But changes of syllable duration and short-term energy were related to different time points during experiments.Conclusion According to the findings,acoustic changes of speech under simulated environment of spaceflight may provide important reference to the study of emotional speech recognition in spaceflight for the future.

Speech Analysis in Patients with Velopharyngeal Incompetence Following Surgical Correction

A total of 35 patients with velopharyngeal incompetence were treated by surgical correction from 1995 to 2001. Twenty-six patients underwent lateral port control superior based pharyngeal flap and 9 patients underwent sphincteric pharyngoplasty. Speech analysis and fluorolaryngo-graphy was performed preoperatively and postoperatively. The nasality of open vowel, round vowel and sentence and articulation accuracy in 26 patients who underwent the pharyngeal flap improved from 37.7+/-10.71%, 49.1+/-9.54%, 50.1+/-9.03% and 68.9+/-10.11% preoperatively to 20.4+/-9.77%, 25.4+/-10.11%, 38.5+/-9.34% and 80.1+/-6.47% postoperatively, and hypernasality and articulation accuracy improved significantly (p<0.05). In case of 9 patients who underwent sphincteric pharyngoplasty, results were from 41.2+/-11.27%, 42.4+/-17.04%, 53.8+/-7.63% and 72.3+/-10.87% preoperatively to 20.7+/-8.27%, 20.8+/-14.34%, 29.7+/- 11.47% and 80.7+/-12.47% postoperatively, and hypernasality improved significantly (p<0.05). As far as postoperative fluorolaryngography is concerned, the velopharyngeal space was closed in patients with postoperative normal range of nasality. In conclusion, these results suggest that patients with velopharyngeal incompetence will improve speech dysfunction effectively if is chosen appropriately either superior based pharyngeal flap or sphincteric pharyngoplasty.

Effect of Furlow Palatoplasty for Correction of Submucous Cleft Palate: Cephalometric and Speech Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomic and functional changes of submucous cleft palate operated with Furlow palatoplasty. A total of 36 patients with submucous cleft palate underwent Furlow palatoplasty from 1993 to 1998. The mean follow-up period was 5 years 3 months. Midfacial growth was measured using lateral cephalograms in 18 patients, whose age was older than 8 years of age. Speech analyses were performed in 25 patients by the same speech pathologist for the degrees of nasality and articulation. The parameters obtained in the lateral cephalogram were compared with a healthy population in Korea. ANS-PNS was in 61.1% within the clinical normal range for the age group. SNA and SNB were in 55.6% within the normal range. ANB was in 72.2% and Ba-PNS was 50.0% within the range. The postoperative nasality scores of open vowels and round vowels were 24.2% and 25.2%, respectively, which were lower than preoperative scores. The mean articulation accuracy value was 92.9% which was higher than preoperative value. Our results suggest that Furlow palatoplasty is a useful procedure as the initial treatment of the submucous cleft palate and has the advantages in both aspects of speech results and facial growth.

Effect of Partial Glossectomy on Speech of Down Syndrome Children

The anatomy of oral cavity in Down syndrome is characterized by hypotonic macroglossia, small oral cavity, and narrow palate with high-arch shape. Because of such characteristics, patients show difficulty in articulation, resonance and phonation. They also suffer from respiratory difficulty due to narrow upper respiratory tract which is exaggerated by hypertrophied tonsil and adenoid. So far we operated on 100 children with Down syndrome for partial glossectomy in average volume of 4.6 cc. We analyzed the results by means of questionnaires and speech test with multi-speech model 3700 program before and after the operation. After partial glossectomy, we observed that they could close their lips comfortably, and it can mitigate the stigma of Down syndrome. We could also observe the improvement in voice quality, pitch, resonance and articulation. Through paired t-test using SAS, we analyzed value of F1, F2-F1, and changes of fundamental frequency(Fo). After partial glossectomy, anteriorly positioned tongue of Down patients became significantly smaller in size and be located posteriorly.