Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients

Cancer patients commonly suffer from loneliness, poor spiritual status, and fear of death; however, these evaluations are rarely revealed in urological cancer patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients. A total of 324 urological (including renal, bladder, and prostate) cancer patients and 100 healthy controls were included. The University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale (UCLA-LS), functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp), and death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R) scores were evaluated. The results showed that the UCLA-LS score was higher, but the FACIT-Sp score was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. According to the DAP-R score, fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance were elevated, but neutral acceptance was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. Among urological cancer patients, the UCLA-LS score was highest but the FACIT-Sp score was lowest in bladder cancer patients; regarding the DAP-R score, fear of death and death avoidance were highest, but approaching death acceptance was lowest in bladder cancer patients. Interestingly, single/divorced/widowed status, bladder cancer diagnosis, higher pathological grade, surgery, systemic treatment, and local treatment were independent factors for higher UCLA-LS score or lower FACIT-Sp score. In conclusion, urological cancer (especially bladder cancer) patients bear increased loneliness and reduced spiritual well-being; they also carry higher fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance but lower neutral acceptance of death.

The mediating effect of chronic disease self efficacy between spiritual well-being and mental resilience in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being level in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer, and to explore whether there is a mediating effect among them.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 376 patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer were selected as the survey objects by convenience sampling method from July 2020 to April 2021 in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. The chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being were evaluated by Self-Efficacy Scale for Managing Chronic Disease, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-being, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The correlation among the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being was tested by Pearson correlation analysis. Structural equation model was used to analyze the intermediary mechanism of the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being.Results:The total score for chronic disease self-efficacy of the research objects was (33.34 ± 12.77) points, the total score for mental resilience was (66.13 ± 21.67) points, and the total score for spiritual well-being was (28.41 ± 10.13) points. The chronic disease self-efficacy, mental resilience, and spiritual well-being were all positively correlated ( r values were 0.689-0.949, all P<0.01). The chronic disease self-efficacy played a partially mediating role in spiritual well-being and mental resilience in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer ( β=0.387, P<0.01), the mediating effect accounted for 43.33% of the total effect. Conclusions:The chronic disease self-efficacy can indirectly affect the level of spiritual well-being in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to their psychological counseling, broaden their minds, enhance spiritual well-being, and help them recover from adversity.

Spiritual well-being of Filipino patients with cancer

@#Cancer is a serious disease that leads to physical, psychosocial, and spiritual difficulties. Filipinos' high reverence to God can affect their health-related behaviors and responses to illnesses like cancer. Though studies have shown the association of spirituality and quality of life, very few have been conducted in Filipino cancer patients. This study aimed to describe their spiritual well-being in terms of the personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental domains; and compare spiritual well-being across different patient characteristics (i.e. type of cancer, stage of cancer, type of treatment, and the period since first symptoms are felt) as input to determining patients at risk for spiritual distress. A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized with 87 conveniently sampled respondents. A researcher-developed questionnaire and the Spiritual Health and Well-being Measure© (SHALOM) instrument were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis H Test. Majority of the respondents were below 50 years old, female, married or with a common-law partner, had at least a high school education, unemployed, did not have enough income to support basic needs, Catholic, and an active member in the church. Most of them had colorectal cancer, were in Stage III, first felt symptoms 6 months to 1 year prior to the conduct of the study, and received a combination of treatments. In terms of personal state, the patients had the highest spiritual well-being in the Transcendental Domain which describes one’s relationship with God. The second-highest spiritual well-being level was found to be the communal domain followed by personal, and environmental domains. Significant differences were found in the spiritual well-being scores in the 4 domains across the types of cancer, with the lowest scores among those with head and neck cancer. Filipino patients in the study had high spiritual well-being despite the presence of cancer. Patient characteristics, especially their illness profile, should be considered in developing nursing interventions that may improve their spiritual well-being.

Bienestar Espiritual y Funcionalidad del Paciente Crónico Complejo Hospitalizado en una Institución de Bogotá / Spiritual Well-being and Functionality of the Complex Chronic Patient Hospitalized in an Institution of Bogotá

El presente estudio tiene como propósito establecer la relación que existe entre el bienestar espiritual y la funcionalidad de los pacientes crónicos complejos hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención. Metodología: El estudio, de carácter descriptivo correlacional, contó con una muestra que reunía los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención, considerados como pacientes crónicos complejos, mayores de 18 años y sin alteración cognitiva. Se incluyeron en el estudio 100 pacientes, internados en los servicios de hospitalización general de la institución de salud, los cuales cumplieron con los criterios definidos y se seleccionaron en un muestreo por conveniencia. Para el presente estudio se utilizaron la Escala de bienestar espiritual de Ellison®, en sus componentes existencial y religioso para evaluar el bienestar espiritual y la escala PULSES, que establece la funcionalidad determinando el nivel de dependencia, a través de la puntuación de diferentes aspectos. El análisis se realizó utilizando el coeficiente de Sperman. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que no existe relación estadística significativa entre el bienestar espiritual y la funcionalidad, con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,147 con un valor p de 0,144. Respecto al bienestar religioso no se pudo establecer una correlación con la funcionalidad, y tampoco para el caso del bienestar existencial se estableció una relación con el desempeño adecuado de los pacientes en sus actividades cotidianas. El 79% de los participantes tuvieron un bienestar espiritual alto y ninguno presentó bienestar espiritual bajo. Respecto a la funcionalidad el 9% presentó un grado de dependencia alto, el 41% dependencia mediana y el 29% dependencia baja.

The present study aims to establish the relationship between spiritual well-being and functionality in complex chronic patients hospitalized in a tertiary care institution. Methodology: The descriptive correlational study had a sample that met the following inclusion criteria: patients hospitalized in a tertiary care institution, considered complex chronic patients, older than 18 years and without cognitive impairment. The study included 100 patients, selected in a convenience sampling, admitted to the general hospitalization services of the health institution, who met the defined criteria. Two scales were used for this study: the Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale in its existential and religious components, to assess spiritual well-being and the PULSES scale, which establishes functionality by determining the level of dependency through the scoring of different aspects. Regarding the analysis, this was carried out using the Sperman coefficient. Results: The results showed that there is not a statistically significant relationship between spiritual well-being and functionality, with a correlation coefficient of 0.147 with a "p" value of 0.144. Regarding religious well-being, a correlation with functionality could not be established and neither between existential well-being with the adequate performance of patients in their daily activities. According to the percentages, 79% of the participants had high spiritual well-being and none had low spiritual well-being. In terms of functionality, 9% presented a high degree of dependency, 41% a medium one and 29% a low dependency.

Bienestar espiritual en el ámbito hospitalario: aportes para la humanización en salud / Spiritual well-being in the hospital environment: contributions for health humanization / Bem-estar espiritual no âmbito hospitalar: contribuições para a humanização em saúde

Resumen: El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar el bienestar espiritual (BE) del personal de enfermería y su aporte ético a la humanización en salud. El método seguido corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. El muestreo es no probabilístico, constituido por 148 enfermeros de dos instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Bogotá (A y B). Se aplicó instrumento SHALOM-3 para medir el bienestar espiritual (disonancia y armonía) en los dominios personal, trascendental, ambiental y comunal. En cuanto a los resultados, la evaluación del BE mostró un alto porcentaje de armonía en las dos instituciones; sin embargo, se encontraron porcentajes de disonancia en la institución B, en los dominios trascendental (16% vs 22%), ambiental (12% vs 19%) y personal (11% vs 18%). Se destaca la importancia del Bienestar Espiritual para la humanización de los servicios de salud en el ámbito hospitalario, dado que contribuye a la mejora continua y a la garantía de calidad, preocupaciones relevantes para la bioética en el estudio del clima ético en las instituciones de salud.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the spiritual well-being (SW) of nursing staff and their ethical contribution to health humanization. The method followed corresponds to the quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach. The sampling is not probabilistic, consisting of 148 nurses from two health institutions in the city of Bogotá (A and B). The SHALOM-3 instrument was applied to measure spiritual well-being (dissonance and harmony) in the personal, transcendental, environmental and communal domains. Regarding the results, the evaluation of the BE showed a high percentage of harmony in the two institutions; however, percentages of dissonance were found in institution B, in the transcendental (16% vs. 22%), environmental (12% vs. 19%) and personal (11% vs. 18%) domains. The importance of Spiritual Wellbeing for the humanization of health services in the hospital field is highlighted, since it contributes to a continuous improvement and quality assurance, both relevant concerns for bioethics in the study of the ethical climate in healthcare institutions.

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é determinar o bem-estar espiritual (BEE) da equipe de enfermagem e sua contribuição ética para a humanização em saúde. O método corresponde ao enfoque quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. A amostragem é não probabilística, constituída por 148 enfermeiros de duas instituições de saúde da cidade de Bogotá (A e B). Usou-se instrumento SHALOM-3 para medir o bem-estar espiritual (dissonância e harmonia) nos domínios pessoal, transcendental, ambiental e comunitário. Quanto aos resultados, a avaliação do BEE mostrou uma alta porcentagem de harmonia nas duas instituições; no entanto, encontraram-se porcentagens de dissonância na instituição B, nos domínios transcendental (16% v. 22%), ambiental (12% v. 19%) e pessoal (11% v. 18%). Destaca-se a importância do Bem-estar Espiritual para a humanização dos serviços de saúde no âmbito hospitalar, dado que contribui para a melhora contínua e a garantia de qualidade, preocupações relevantes para a bioética no estudo do clima ético nas instituições de saúde

Cuidado espiritual: una mirada desde el modelo de manejo de síntomas y el cuidado paliativo / Spiritual care: A look from the perspective of the model of symptom management and palliative care / Cuidado espiritual: um olhar a partir do modelo de manejo dos sintomas e cuidados paliativos

Objetivo: describir el cuidado espiritual a partir de la revisión de literatura científica relacionada con el cuidado paliativo y su arti - culación con los componentes del modelo conceptual del manejo de síntomas de Patricia Larson y colaboradores. Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre cuidado espiritual y paliativo, publicada entre el 2002 y el 2018, siguiendo los lineamientos de Ganong y teniendo en cuenta los componentes del modelo del manejo de síntomas de Patricia Larson y cola - boradores: experiencia del síntoma, estrategia de manejo del síntoma y resultado del manejo del síntoma. Resultados: de los 56 artículos identificados inicialmente, 50 cumplieron con los criterios de selección y se clasificaron según los componentes del modelo del manejo de síntomas. Se encontró conceptualización de espiritualidad, escalas de valoración, intervenciones y beneficios del cuidado espiritual en pacientes con necesidades paliativas. Conclusiones: el cuidado espiritual parte de percibir la experiencia del proceso de enfermedad o etapa de fin de vida, para identificar las necesidades espirituales de las personas a través de la valoración con escalas validadas y el uso de diagnósticos relacionados con la dimensión espiritual. Las estrategias de manejo que incluyen el cuidado espiritual comienzan con el acompañamiento y la escucha activa del paciente, de donde se derivan las intervenciones de segundo y tercer nivel descritas en la literatura. Se requiere preparación de los profesionales en enfermería para orientar planes de cuidado espiritual fundamentados desde el modelo que exponen Larson y colaboradores para el manejo de síntomas.

Objective: To describe spiritual care from the perspec - tive of scientific literature related to palliative care, taking into account the components of the Conceptual Model of Symptom Management, as stated by Patricia Larson and collaborators. Methodology: Systematic review, following Ganong's guidelines, of publications made between 2002 and 2018 that are related to spiritual care and palliative care and articulated with the components of Patricia Larson's Symptom Management Model: symptom experience, symptom management strategy, and result of symptom management. Results: Of the 56 articles initially identified, 50 met the selection criteria and were classified according to the components of the Symptom Management Model. We found conceptualization of spirituality, scales for its assess - ment, interventions and benefits of spiritual care in patients with palliative needs. Conclusions: Spiritual care starts with perceiving the experience during the disease process or end-of-life stage, and includes timely identification of spiri - tual needs, their assessment through validated scales, and the use of diagnoses related to the spiritual dimension. The management strategies involved in spiritual care start from the accompaniment and active listening to the patient, from which the second and third level interventions described by the literature are derived. It is necessary to prepare nursing professionals which guide management strategies through the use of the model of Larson and collaborators, to manage - ment of symptoms in clinical practice.

Objetivo: descrever cuidados espirituais a partir da revisão da literatura científica relacionada aos cuidados paliativos, levando em conta os componentes do Modelo Conceitual de Manejo dos Sintomas de Patricia Larson, e colaboradores. Metodologia: revisão sistemática, seguindo as orientações de Ganong, de publicações realizadas entre 2002 e 2018, relacionadas aos cuidados espirituais e cuidados paliativos, articuladas aos componentes do Modelo de Gerenciamento de Sintomas de Patricia Larson: experiência, estratégia e resultado do manejo do sintoma. Resultados: dos 56 artigos inicialmente identificados, 50 preencheram os critérios de seleção e foram classificados de acordo com os componentes do Modelo de Gerenciamento de Sintomas. Encontramos conceituação de espiritualidade, escalas para sua avaliação, intervenções e benefícios do cuidado espiritual em pacientes com necessidades paliativas. Conclusões: o cuidado espir - itual começa com a percepção da experiência do processo da doença ou do estágio final da vida, e inclui a identificação de necessidades espirituais, sua avaliação através de escalas validadas, e o uso de diagnósticos relacionados à dimensão espiritual. As estratégias de manejo que incluem o cuidado espiritual partem do acompanhamento e da escuta ativa do paciente, a partir dos quais derivam as intervenções de segundo e terceiro nível descrito na literatura. É necessário preparar e capacitar os profissionais de enfermagem que orientam as estratégias de gestão através do o modelo de Larson e colaboradores.

Preliminary validarion of Fry's Spiritual Leadership Model in Colombian and Ecuadorian workers / Validação preliminar do modelo de liderança espiritual de Fry em trabalhadores colombianos e equatorianos / Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Spiritual Leadership model proposed by Fry (2003). Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006) was applied to 279 workers from Colombia and Ecuador. The two samples were equivalent by sex, age, education level and work experience. According to the results, all dimensions of the questionnaire showed to be highly consistent (alpha above .85) except Commitment dimension. Likewise, it found that just one of 35 items that composed the scale shows low item-scale correlation. In the most of the cases, the relationships between variables as well as the adjustment index of the model were lower than reported by Fry previously, which limited the construct validity. External evidences of validity of the model, demonstrated that the work experience and level of charge were significant for Spiritual Leadership dimensions. These findings were related to the psychometrics requirement of the scale and regarding of measured construct with organizational behavior. Finally, it is point out some research limitations and provide some suggestions for future studies.

Resumo O propósito deste estudo foi examinar a validade do modelo de liderança espiritual (Spiritual Leadership Theory, SLT) proposto por Fry (2003). Aplicou-se o Questionário de Liderança Espiritual (SLT Survey) (Fry & Matherly, 2006) a 279 trabalhadores da Colômbia e do Equador. Ambas as amostras foram equivalentes com respeito a sexo, idade, nível de formação e experiência profissional. De acordo com os resultados, todas as dimensões do instrumento, exceto a de Compromisso, demonstraram ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Também se constatou que apenas um item dos 35 que compõem o instrumento apresentou baixa correlação item-escala. Na maioria dos casos, as relações entre as variáveis e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram menores que o indicado por Fry, o que limitou a validade de constructo. As evidências externas da validade do modelo demonstraram que a experiência profissional e o nível do cargo são significativos para as dimensões da liderança espiritual. Discutem-se essas descobertas com relação aos requerimentos psicométricos do instrumento e a relação do constructo medido com aspectos do comportamento organizacional. Finalmente, indicam-se as limitações do estudo e fazem-se recomendações para futuras pesquisas.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem-escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron menores a lo reportado por Fry, lo que limitó la validez de constructo. Las evidencias externas de la validez del modelo demostraron que la experiencia laboral y el nivel del cargo son significativos para las dimensiones del liderazgo espiritual. Se discuten estos hallazgos respecto a los requerimientos psicométricos del instrumento y la relación del constructo medido con aspectos del comportamiento organizacional. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.

The Effect of Spiritual Well-Being on Social Nicotine Dependence, Alcohol Consumption, Internet Overuse and Gambling among Medical Students

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the spiritual well-being on social nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption, use of internet and gambling among medical students (n=271). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 271 medical students using self-administered questionnaires including the spiritual well-being scale, KTSND score, the alcohol use disorder identification test, the internet addiction test, and the Canadian problem gambling index (Korean Version). RESULTS: There were significant negative relationships between spiritual well being and addictive behaviors such as social nicotine dependence (r=-0.160, P<0.05), alcohol consumption (r=-0.357, P<0.001), internet overuse (r=-0.156, P<0.01). High social nicotine dependence was related with high alcohol consumption (r=0.317, P<0.01), as well as internet overuse with gambling (r=0.165, P<0.01). Spiritual well being on was significantly related to alcohol consumption (beta=-0.244, P<0.01) and use of internet (beta=-0.136, P<0.01). This suggests the higher spiritual well being score the student has, the lower possibility of alcohol or internet overuse he or she tends to have. On the other hand, the impact of spiritual well being on social nicotine dependence or gambling were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The milestone of the current study is to provide the importance of better understanding of spiritual background of an individual, and to address the necessity of its holistic approach. Moreover, new spiritual counseling model and its healing program should be developed and validated before application.

Predictors of Meaning in Life in Adolescents with Leukemia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of spiritual well-being and meaning in life for adolescents with leukemia. METHODS: Participants were 102 adolescents (11-21 years) recruited at C university hospital from June to August in 2014. The eligible participants were diagnosed with leukemia and are on follow-up care at the outpatient clinic. Participants were assessed for spiritual well-being, meaning in life, self-esteem, and social support. RESULTS: Levels of spiritual well-being and meaning in life for these adolescents with leukemia were 3.69 out of 6 and 3.10 out of 4, respectively. Self-esteem and social support from family were factors affecting spiritual well-being. Self-esteem, existential well-being and social support from family and friends were predictive for meaning in life and accounted for 68% of total variance. CONCLUSION: The results show that there are several factors affecting spiritual well-being and meaning in life in adolescents with leukemia. Therefore, nursing intervention programs for adolescents with leukemia should include strengthening self-esteem and social support as well as considering the spiritual aspect of life in order to find meaning in life beyond leukemia.

Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation of College Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the influence of academic institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, social (friend) support, and existential spiritual well-being on suicidal ideation of college students. METHODS: The research design was descriptive survey research involving 285 college students in city G. Data was collected from May 18, 2011 to November 2, 2011 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The findings reveal that suicidal ideation of college students was low, i.e., average score was 9.2+/-3.65 (possible range 5~25). This study determined that suicidal ideation is negatively correlated with interest on the part of the academic institution, open parent-adolescent communication, social support from friends, and existential spiritual well-being. The extent of existential spiritual well-being was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, controlling for general characteristics variables (gender, number of close friends, first supporter) and institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, and social support. Existential spiritual well-being accounted for 50% of the explanation of suicidal ideation of college students. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, designing an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation of tertiary education students is strongly recommended.

Espiritualidade na formação acadêmica em psicologia no Rio Grande do Sul / Spirituality in psychology academic training: a comparative study of senior and freshmen undergradute students in Rio Grande do Sul

Embora estudos científicos recentes comprovem correlação positiva entre espiritualidade e saúde, outros apontam a espiritualidade do psicólogo como menor que a da população em geral. Visando analisar a espiritualidade de acadêmicos de psicologia, foram investigados 1.064 estudantes (672 calouros e 392 formandos) de todas as universidades gaúchas com formandos em 2009. Foram aplicados questionário biossociodemográfico, questionário sobre valores e aspectos espirituais e religiosos, Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual e Subescala de espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais do World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-100. Os resultados revelaram que formandos apresentam índices significativamente menores de Bem-Estar Espiritual (t = 3,769; p < 0,001). Eles também referem acreditar significativamente menos em Deus, força superior e/ou energia (χ² = 10,03; p < 0,001). Além disso, a importância da espiritualidade na clínica psicológica e no enfrentamento de situações cotidianas também é menor para os formandos (p < 0,001). Esses dados indicam que provavelmente o curso de psicologia contribua para o declínio da espiritualidade, o que revela a necessidade de reavaliação sobre como a espiritualidade está sendo abordada na graduação...

Many studies discuss the positive correlation between spirituality and health and some highlight the fact that the psychologists' spirituality is significantly lower than that of the population. This study aimed to analyze the level of spirituality of 1,064 psychology students (672 freshmen and 392 senior students) from all universities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire covering spiritual and religious aspects and values, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and the Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Sub-scale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life -100 instrument. The results revealed that the senior students had significantly lower levels of spiritual well-being (t = 3.769; p < 0.001). They believed in God, a superior being and/or energy, significantly less frequently than the freshmen (χ2 = 10.03; p < 0.001). Likewise, for the senior students the importance of spirituality in the psychological practice and in coping with day-to-day situations was always indicated as significantly lower than for the freshmen (p < 0.001). These data indicate that the undergraduation in psychology possibly contributes to a decline in spirituality among its students, highlighting the need to reassess how spirituality is being approached in the undergraduate psychology courses...

Spirituality And Mental Adjustment As Coping Strategies Among Women With Breast Cancer

Spirituality and mental adjustment have been widely adopted as coping strategies among women with breast cancer. Little information was available locally on the use of spirituality and mental adjustment as coping mechanisms to fight breast cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess spirituality and mental adjustment as coping strategies and its association with socio demographic data on 216 women with breast cancer. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scales were used to assess spirituality and mental adjustment. Negative correlation between spiritual well-being and helplessness/hopelessness (r=-0.690; p=0.000), anxious preoccupation (r=-0.277; p=0.000) and avoidance (r=-0.235; p=0.000) and positive correlation between spiritual well-being and fighting spirit (r=0.668; p=0.000) were identified. Socio-demographic factors such as race (p=0.000), religion (p=0.000), academic qualification (p=0.004) and type of surgery (p=0.016) revealed significant relationship with spiritual well-being. Fighting spirit, hopelessness/helplessness and anxious preoccupation also yielded significant relationship with race (p<0.0001), religion (p=0.001) and academic qualification (p=0.024). Helplessness/hopelessness had a significant relationship with stage of disease (p=0.017) and type of surgery (p=0.011). Meanwhile, fatalistic and avoidance showed a strong relationship with age (p=0.014, r=0.167), occupation (p=0.001) and income (p=0.006), race (p=0.007) and academic qualification (p=0.005). It is thus, concluded that spirituality and mental adjustment are two coping strategies widely adopted by Malaysian women after a breast cancer diagnosis and throughout their breast cancer journey. Women with breast cancer, therefore, should be treated holistically rather than just the disease itself.

Effects of a Peer Gatekeeper Training Program on Existential Spiritual Well-being, Interpersonal Relationship with Friends, and Suicide Probability for Middle School Students / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effects of a peer gatekeeper training program on existential spiritual well-being, interpersonal relationship with friends, and suicide probability for middle school students. METHODS: The participants were fifty students who were at a vocational middle school in D city from october 13, 2012 to november 10, 2012. To test the effects of the peer gatekeeper training program, the participants were divided into two groups in the way of matching distribution, an experimental group(24) and a control group(26). Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, and Fisher exact probability test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the peer gatekeeper training program, significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were found in existential spiritual well-being(t=2.80, p=.007) and interpersonal relationship with friends scores(t=2.67, p=.010). However, there was no statistically significant difference in suicide probability between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the peer gatekeeper training program enhance existential spiritual well-being and interpersonal relationship with friends of middle school students. Therefore, this program could be a good strategy that teachers and community mental health nurses can use for suicide prevention of middle school students.

The Spiritual Well-Being and the Spiritual Nursing Care of Nurses for Cancer Patients / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the correlation between the levels of spiritual well-being and spiritual nursing care of nurses for cancer patients and to provide baseline data for spiritual nursing care. METHODS: In the study, there were 209 nurses involved who cared for cancer patients, and they were from Christian General Hospital in a city, Jeonju. Data were collected from September 17 to 30 in 2008 using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using research methods, including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The mean score of spiritual well-being of nurses was 63.41+/-10.32 (range 20~80) and that of spiritual nursing care was 26.96+/-7.05 (range 15~60). There was a significant positive correlation between the spiritual well-being of nurses and their spiritual nursing care (r=.353, P=.000). CONCLUSION: The spiritual well-being and spiritual nursing care have a positive correlation. The level of spiritual well-being of nurses was relatively significant, whereas that of spiritual nursing care was relatively low. Therefore, it is recommended, for spiritual nursing care that nurses responsible for cancer patients should pursue more spiritual growth, attend church services regularly, and should further be educated in their care and responsibility.

Effects of Holistic Hospice Nursing Intervention Program on Self Esteem and Spiritual Well-being for Inpatients of Hospice Palliative Care Unit / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to testify the effects on self esteem and spiritual well-being of holistic hospice nursing intervention program ("Rainbow program") for inpatients of hospice palliative care unit. This was designed as a preliminary experimental study with one-group pre-post test. METHODS: A total of 27 patients who were over 18 years old, and admitted in hospice palliative care unit of S hospital in P city, submitted informed consent for this study, participated in holistic hospice nursing intervention program(total 10 sessions and 1,200 minutes for 2 weeks) from April 6, 2004 to April 20, 2005. To test the effects of this intervention, Self Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ) and Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed by Paired t-test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: (1) Hypothesis No. 1 "The experimental group which received Rainbow program will have a higher degree of self esteem than before" was supported (t=11.554, P<0.001). (2) Hypothesis No. 2 "The experimental group which received Rainbow program will have a higher degree of spiritual well-being than before" was also supported (t=6.387, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This Holistic Hospice Nursing Intervention Program was effective in increasing self-esteem and spiritual well-being of patients in hospice palliative care unit. Therefore, it can actively be used and also applied to hospice palliative care practice, research, and education as a useful model of interdisciplinary team approach by hospice professionals.

A Research of the Spiritual Well-Being and Spiritual Needs of HIV/AIDS Patients / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to assess spiritual health of HIV/AIDS patients and devise spiritual nursing mediation plans in practical nursing work by examining the levels of spiritual well- being (SWB) and spiritual needs of HIV/AIDS patients'. METHODS: A correlation survey study was conducted on HIV/AIDS patients age ranging from 20 to 70 years to investigate the relationship between their SWB and spiritual needs. RESULTS: 1. Average scores of HIV/AIDS patients' related to SWB were found to be higher than the intermediate level: 54.59 in SWB; more specifically, 27.78 in existential well-being and 26.80 in religious well-being. 2. Average score of for HIV/AIDS patients' spiritual needs was 108.67: More specifically, 37.80 in the needs of love and interest, 42.35 in the needs of seeking meanings and purposes, and 28.51 in the needs of wanting to be forgiven. 3. Concerning the correlation between SWB and spiritual needs, the total SWB and total spiritual needs of HIV/AIDS patients' showed a weak positive correlation (r=0.344, P=0.013). CONCLUSION: The result of the study showed that SWB and spiritual needs of HIV/AIDS patients' are higher than the average scores, and these two parameters have a weak positive correlation, indicating that HIV/AIDS patients have strong spiritual needs of seeking meanings and purposes. Therefore, more studies on the spiritual nursing mediation plans are needed in order to raise their spiritual well-being levels and meet their spiritual needs through precise assessment.

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Quality of life and spiritual well being in individuals with HIV/AIDS / Cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en personas que viven con VIH/Sida

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. A amostra foi constituída de 200 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (111 mulheres e 89 homens), de 19 a 67 anos, 143 sintomáticos e 57 assintomáticos. Do total, 62,5 por cento faziam uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os resultados apontam para a correlação significativa entre os domínios da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) e bem-estar espiritual (SWBS). O domínio da qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais e a subescala bem-estar religioso apresentaram os escores mais altos. Obtiveram-se correlações altamente significativas entre os domínios da qualidade de vida física, relações sociais e espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais, e os do bem-estar religioso, bem-estar existencial e bem-estar espiritual no grupo sintomático/Aids. Discute-se a importância das variáveis religiosidade e espiritualidade no processo de resiliência e de proteção à saúde. A importância da inserção dos fatores de proteção à saúde necessita ser destacada nas pesquisas, nas intervenções do psicólogo e no planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde.

Current study evaluates the quality of life and spiritual well-being in HIV/Aids people. Two hundred HIV individuals were taken as samples (111 women and 89 men), aged between 19 to 67 years old, 143 symptomatic/Aids and 57 asymptomatic, 62.5 percent had taken anti-retroviral therapy. Results point to a significant correlation between the quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref) and spiritual well being (SWB). The spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs and the subscale religious well being had the highest scores. Significant correlations were obtained in symptomatic/Aids group between quality of life concerning physical, social relationship and spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs with the religious well-being, the existential well being and the spiritual well-being. The importance of the variables religiosity and spirituality within the resilience and health protection process was also discussed. Discussing health protection in research, in psychologist's interventions and in health public policies should be enhanced.

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual de personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. La muestra fue de 200 pacientes viviendo con VIH/SIDA (111 mujeres y 89 hombres), de 19 a 67 años, 143 sintomáticos y 57 asintomáticos, del total, 62,5 por ciento hacían uso de terapia antirretroviral. Los resultados apuntan hacia la correlación significativa entre los dominios de la cualidad de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) y bienestar espiritual (SWBS). El dominio de la cualidad de vida, espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales como la subescala bienestar religioso presentaron los escores más altos. Se obtuvieron correlaciones altamente significativas entre los dominios de cualidad de vida físico, relaciones sociales y espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales con el bienestar religioso, existencial y espiritual del grupo sintomático/SIDA. Se discute la importancia de las variables religiosidad y espiritualidad en el proceso de resiliencia y de protección a la salud. La importancia de la inserción de los factores de protección a la salud necesita ser destacada en las investigaciones, en las intervenciones del psicólogo y en el planeamiento de políticas públicas de salud.

Bienestar espiritual en pacientes con cáncer de mama identificado a través de la relación enfermera-paciente / Spiritual well-being in patients with identified breast cancer through the relation nurse-patient

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es una experiencia devastadora, implica situaciones que provocan problemas fisiológicos, psicológicos, sociales y espirituales. La relación enfermera-paciente propuesta por Hildergard E. Peplau es esencialmente el marco en el que las creencias, valores, actitudes y conocimiento del paciente y de la enfermera pueden emplearse para explorar y comprender la dinámica de una existencia sana, en donde el bienestar espiritual juega un papel importante. Objetivo: Identificar el bienestar espiritual en pacientes con cáncer de mama, en la fase de orientación a través de la relación enfermera-paciente Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con 25 pacientes, se utilizó cuestionario basado en Facit-SP-12, que forma parte de la evaluación funcional en terapia oncológica en relación con calidad de vida, con una confiabilidad de 0.8992. Resultados: El 88% de las pacientes presentó bienestar espiritual bueno y regular 12%. Discusión: El reconocimiento de implicaciones psicológicas y sociales de enfermedades crónicas ha dado lugar a que los profesionales establezcan objetivos de atención relacionado con comunicación efectiva entre cuidadores de la salud y el paciente. La mayoría de las personas presentaron bienestar espiritual bueno, y la relación interpersonal permitió explorar y comprender creencias valores y actitudes, con la finalidad de conducir a la salud, como cualidad dinámica que permite la experiencia potencial del bienestar físico y social, que confiere la oportunidad de vivir bien y en armonía.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a devastating experience which implies situations that provoke physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. The relation nurse-patient proposed by Hildergard E. Peplau is essentially the frame in which the beliefs, values, attitudes and knowledge of the patient and nurse may be used to explore and understand the dynamics of a healthy existence, where the spiritual well-being plays an important role. Objective: To identify the spiritual well-being in breast cancer patients, in the phase of orientation through the relation nurse-patient. Methodology: Transversal, descriptive study done in 25 patients. A questionnaire based on Facit-Sp 12 that is part of the functional evaluation in oncology therapy related to the quality of life was utilized. The confidentiality was of 0.8992. Results: The good spiritual well-being was present in 88% of the patients and the regular spiritual well-being in 12% of them. Discussion: Acknowledgment of psychological and social implications due to chronic diseases, has lead the professionals to establish during their assistance objectives related to effective Communication between health caregivers, and the patient. The most of people showed up a good spiritual well-being, and the interpersonal relationship allowed exploring and understanding beliefs, values, and attitudes, with the objective of leading to health, as a dynamic trait that allows the potential experience of physical, and social well-being that confers the opportunity of living fine and in harmony.

Bienestar espiritual y ansiedad en pacientes diabéticos

El presente estudio investigó la correlación entre los niveles de bienestar espiritual y los niveles de ansiedad-estado, en una muestra de 190 pacientes obtenida por medio de muestreo no probabilístico; los criterios de inclusión fueron: adultos de 35 a 85 años de edad, diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, se excluyeron los pacientes con demencia. El marco teórico que guió el estudio es el Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, correlacional . La muestra poblacional se distribuyó normalmente con una potencia de 80. Se utilizó el cuestionario de espiritualidad de Reed y la escala de ansiedad-estado de Spielberger ; los instrumentos presentaron una consistencia interna favorable con un Alpha de Cronbach de .894 y .847 respectivamente. La información se recabó de cuatro instituciones de salud, una del primer nivel y tres del segundo nivel de atención. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo a través del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13. La edad media de los participantes fue de 57,36 años, con una desviación estándar de 11,4; el 55% fueron del sexo femenino, el 83,2% profesa la religión católica, el 51,5% presenta algún tipo de complicación asociada a la diabetes. El coeficiente de correlación entre el bienestar espiritual y la ansiedad-estado fue significativo. Estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis del estudio que refiere a mayor espiritualidad menor nivel de ansiedad-estado, situación que invita a profundizar en el estudio de estos fenómenos tanto en el área educativa como asistencial en la disciplina de enfermería.

The present study investigated the correlation between the levels of spiritual well-being and the levels of anxiety-been, in a sample of 190 patients obtained by means of nonprobabilístic sampling, the inclusion criteria were: adults of 35 to 85 years of age, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2, excluded the patients with dementia. The theoretical frame that guided the study is the Model of Adaptation of Roy. The design was descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational . The population sample was distributed normally with a power of the 80. It was used the questionnaire of espirituality of Reed and the scale of anxiety-been of Spielberger ; the instruments displayed a favorable internal consistency with a Alpha de Cronbach of 894 and 877 respectively. The information was successfully obtained of four institutions of health, one of first level and three of the second level of attention. The analysis of the data was carried out through statistical package SPSS version 13th. The average age of the participants was of 57,36 years with a standard deviation of 11,4; 55% were female gender, the 83,2% professes the catholic religion, the 51,5% presents some type of complication associated to diabetes. The coefficient of correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety-been was significant. These results support the hypothesis of the study that refers to greater spirituality smaller level of anxiety-been; situation that it invites to deepen as much in the study of these phenomena in the educative area as welfare in the nursing discipline.

A Study on the Relation among Uncertainty in Illness, Hope and Spiritual Well-being of Cancer Patients / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being and to examine the relationship among uncertainty in illness, hope, and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. METHOD: The data were derived from answers to questionnaires obtained from 93 cancer patients at one general hospital in J area from April 6, 2004 to May 8, 2004. The collected data were analyzed by SSPS 10.0. RESULTS: The mean score of uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was 55.96. The mean score of hope of cancer patients was 79.77, and spiritual well-being was 55.20. Uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to hope(r=-.57, p=.000). Also uncertainty in illness of cancer patients was related negatively to spiritual well-being(r=-.57, p=.000). However, hope of cancer patients was related positively to spiritual well-being(r=.67, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Higher uncertainty in illness was related to lower hope and spiritual well-being of cancer patients. Based upon these results, nurses should help patients to improve their hope and spiritual well-being through mediation of uncertainty in illness.