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1.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 30(108): 7-16, 20220000. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1363203

RESUMO

Las infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPPB) en niños son una de las principales causas de prescripción de antimicrobianos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características clínicas y microbiológicas de las IPPB ambulatorias de niños asistidos en dos hospitales zonales. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo entre el 1/11/2017 y el 1/11/2018. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 1 mes y 15 años internados en dos hospitales. Se evaluó: edad, sexo, localidad, factores predisponentes, tipo de IPPB, muestras biológicas realizadas, aislamiento microbiológico, tratamiento empírico indicado y evolución del cuadro. Se realizó antibiograma y determinación genética. Se calculó chi2, IC95, OR; α=5%. N= 94. 58,7% masculinos. 12 pacientes <1 año, 85 >1 año (promedio de edad 4 años, 1-15). El 36% de Tandil y 63,8% de Florencio Varela. El 59,6% corresponden a IPPB purulentas. Se aislaron microorganismos en un 59,6%. Los aislamientos principales: SAMR (40,4%), SAMS (7,4%), S. agalactiae (2,1%) y S. pyogenes (2,1%). El 100% de SAMR son portadores de gen mecA y SCCmec tipo IV, sin multirresistencia. No hubo diferencia estadística entre los factores de riesgo evaluados para el desarrollo de IPPB por SAMR. El 52,1% de los niños recibió tratamiento antibiótico combinado, siendo la más indicada TMS-SMX + CLI en 36 eventos. (38,3%). La evolución fue favorable: no hubo diferencia significativa entre el subgrupo que se aisló SAMR y el que no se aisló SAMR; 91,9% (34/37) y 92,6% (50/54) correspondientemente (chi2: 0,01; p= 0,97 IC95: 0,26-3,88). El principal agente etiológico fue SAMRco, debiendo adecuar los tratamientos a este microorganismo.


Skin and soft tissue infections (SSIs) in children are one of the main causes of antimicrobial prescription. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outpatient SSIs in children attended in two hospitals. A prospective study was conducted between 11/1/2017 and 11/1/2018. Patients between 1 month and 15 years old, hospitalized were included. We evaluated: age, sex, locality, predisposing factors, type of IPPB, biological samples taken, microbiological isolation, empirical treatment indicated and evolution of the condition. An antibiogram and genetic determination were performed. Chi2, CI95, OR; α=5% were calculated. N= 94. 58.7% male. 12 patients <1 year, 85 >1 year (mean age 4 years, 1-15). 36% were from Tandil and 63.8% from Florencio Varela. 59.6% corresponded to purulent SSIs. The diagnostic yield was 59.6%. Main isolates: MRSA (40.4%), MSSA (7.4%), S. agalactiae (2.1%) and S. pyogenes (2.1%). 100% of MRSA carried the mecA gene and SCCmec type IV, with no multidrug resistance. There was no statistical difference between the risk factors evaluated. 52.1% of children received combined antibiotic treatment, the most indicated being TMS-SMX + CLI in 36 events. (38,3%). Evolution was favorable: there was no significant difference between the subgroup that isolated MRSA and the subgroup that did not isolate MRSA; 91.9% (34/37) and 92.6% (50/54) respectively (chi2: 0.01; p= 0.97 CI95: 0.26-3.88). The main etiological agent was MRSA, and treatments should be adapted to this microorganism


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
2.
Artigo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-186321

RESUMO

Background: Over the last four decades Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has spread throughout the world and has become highly endemic in many geographical areas. Materials and methods: Methicillin resistance was determined by 2 methods: Disk diffusion method using Oxacillin 1µg disk and MIC HiComb strips. Results: Out of 170 isolates 105 strains were Coagulase Positive and 65 strains Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. Most effective markers were Thermonuclease test and growth on high salt agar. 89 (84.76%) of the 105 isolates showed resistance to Penicillin, 54 (51.42%) to Amyoxyclav, 81 (77.14%) to Cefdinir, 61 (58.0%) to Cefepime, 86 (81.92%) to Gentamicin, 44 (41.9%) to Clindamycin, 40 (38.0%) to Amikacin, 82 (78.0%) to Erythromycin, 51 (48.57%) to Cotrimoxazole and 69 (65.71%) to Ofloxacin. Maximum resistance was seen for Penicillin and least to Amikacin. Oxacillin Disc diffusion method: Among 105 isolates 48 (45.7%) were susceptible to Oxacillin, 9 (8.57%) showed intermediate sensitivity and 48 (45.7%) were resistant to Oxacillin. MIC Determination by MIC HiComb strips: Among 105 isolates 59 (56.1%) showed MIC ≤ 2 µg indicating susceptible strains and 46 (43.8%) isolates showed MIC 4 > µg indicating Methicillin resistance. Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance pattern in the present study gives serious reason for concern because majority of the strains are highly resistant to commonly available antibiotics. Surveillance studies should be carried out in every geographical area to detect the prevalence of MRSA strains and Animireddy Kishore, G. Obulesu. To determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern along with Methicillin Resistance in the isolated Staphyloccus aureus – A study in Fathima Hospital. IAIM, 2016; 3(7): 281-286. Page 282 appropriate infection control measures should be performed. In conclusion, considering the increasing occurrence of MRSA infections, highly reliable, accurate and rapid testing for Methicillin Resistance is essential for both antibiotic therapy and infection control regimens.

3.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 29(2): 122-131, jul.-dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-771815

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: caracterizar microbiológicamente los aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus recuperados a partir de muestras purulentas tomadas a pacientes con infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" de enero a mayo de 2014. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" de enero a mayo de 2014 en el que se analizaron 134 muestras de pacientes hospitalizados. El procesamiento de las muestras se realizó por métodos microbiológicos convencionales, y en aquellas donde se recuperó S. aureus se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana por el método de Bauer Kirby y de E-test para vancomicina. RESULTADOS: En 41,0 % de los aislamientos se identificó S. aureus. El 52,7 % de estos se obtuvieron de heridas quirúrgicas. Se encontró que 50,9 % de los aislamientos de S. aureus fueron meticillin resistentes. No se encontró ninguna cepa resistente a vancomicina. Los aislamientos de S. aureus meticillin resistentes resultaron ser significativamente más resistentes que los de S. aureus meticillin sensibles para eritromicina y las tetraciclinas (tetraciclina y doxiciclina). CONCLUSIONES: S. aureus resultó el microorganismo más encontrado en las muestras purulentas estudiadas. En los aislamientos hospitalarios S. aureus predominó en las heridas quirúrgicas lo cual está en correspondencia con la literatura revisada. La mitad de los aislamientos estudiados resultaron ser S. aureus meticillin resistentes. Todos los antimicrobianos testados, con excepción de vancomicina, mostraron mayores porcentajes de resistencia en los aislamientos meticillin resistentes que en los meticillin sensibles lo que representa un aumento en la estadía hospitalaria y en el costo de la atención médica en aquellos pacientes con S. aureus meticillin resistentes.


OBJECTIVE: microbiologically characterize isolates of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from purulent samples to patients with infections associated with health care at "Fructuoso Rodríguez" Teaching Orthopedic Hospital from January to May 2014. METHOD: a descriptive study was conducted at "Fructuoso Rodríguez" Teaching Orthopedic Hospital from January to May 2014 in which 134 samples from hospitalized patients were analyzed. Sample processing was performed by conventional microbiological methods and for those samples where S. aureus was recovered, antimicrobial susceptibility by the Kirby Bauer method and E-test was determined for vancomycin. RESULTS: 41.0 % of S. aureus isolates were identified. 52.7 % of these were obtained from surgical wounds. It was found that 50.9 % of the isolates were meticillin-resistant S. aureus. No vancomycin resistant strain was found. The isolates of meticillin-resistant S. aureus were significantly more resistant than S. aureus meticillin sensitive to erythromycin and tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline). CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus was the microorganism most found in the purulent samples studied. In hospital S. aureus isolates predominated in the surgical wound which is in line with the literature reviewed. Half of the studied isolates proved meticillin-resistant S. aureus. All antimicrobials tested except vancomycin, showed higher percentages of meticillin resistance in isolates resistant to meticillin sensitive in which an increase in the hospital stay and cost of care for patients with S. aureus meticillin resistant.


OBJECTIF: le but de ce travail est de caractériser du point de vue microbiologique les isolats de Staphylococcus aureus prélevés des échantillons purulents de patients affectés par des infections associées aux soins de santé du service d'orthopédie de l'hôpital universitaire "Fructuoso Rodríguez" depuis janvier jusqu'à mai 2014. MÉTHODES: une étude descriptive de 134 échantillons de patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital universitaire "Fructuoso Rodríguez" a été réalisée depuis janvier jusqu'à mai 2014. L'analyse de ces échantillons a été effectuée par des méthodes microbiologiques conventionnelles. La susceptibilité antimicrobienne a été définie par la méthode de Kirby Bauer et le test de sensibilité à la vancomycine dans les échantillons où le S. aureus a été récupéré. RÉSULTATS: le S. aureus a été identifié dans 41 % des isolats. Une partie (52.7 %) a été obtenue des blessures chirurgicales. On a trouvé que 50.9 % des isolats de S. aureus étaient résistants à la méticilline, tandis qu'aucune souche résistante à la vancomycine n'a été trouvée. Les isolats de S. aureus résistant à la méticilline étaient significativement plus résistants que les isolats de S. aureus sensibles à la méticilline pour l'érythromycine et les tétracyclines (tétracycline et doxicilline). CONCLUSIONS: le Staphylococcus aureus a été le microorganisme le plus souvent trouvé dans les échantillons purulents étudiés. Concernant les isolats hospitaliers, le S. aureus a été en majorité surtout dans les blessures chirurgicales, ce qui est en correspondance avec la littérature révisée. La moitié des isolats analysés ont mis en évidence un Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline. Tous les antimicrobiens testés, à l'exception de la vancomycine, ont montré des pourcentages de résistance beaucoup plus hauts dans les isolats résistants à la méticilline que dans les isolats sensibles à la méticilline. Ceci a résulté en une augmentation du séjour hospitalier et du coût des soins de santé des patients touchés par S. aureus résistant à la méticilline.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ortopedia , Resistência a Tetraciclina , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Assistência Hospitalar , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Epidemiologia Descritiva
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2011 Nov; 59(6): 431-435
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136224

RESUMO

Context: Preseptal cellulitis is the commonest orbital disease which frequently needs to be differentiated from orbital cellulitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics can prevent vision loss and life-threatening complications of orbital cellulitis. Aims: To describe the clinical profile of cases with preseptal and orbital cellulitis admitted to a tertiary care hospital during a period of nine years. The causative organisms and the clinical outcome were analyzed. Settings and Design: Retrospective descriptive case study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Material and Methods: The in-patient records of patients with preseptal and orbital cellulitis were reviewed from 1998 to 2006. The factors reviewed included ocular findings aiding in the distinction of the two clinical conditions, the duration of symptoms, the duration of hospital stay, microbiological culture report of pus or wound swab, blood culture, drugs used for treatment, the response to therapy and complications. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive analysis. Results: One hundred and ten cases, 77 patients with preseptal cellulitis and 33 patients with orbital cellulitis were reviewed. Five percent of children and 21% of adults presented with cutaneous anthrax contributing to preseptal cellulitis. Thirty-nine percent cases with orbital cellulitis were caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Conclusions: This study has helped in identifying organisms which cause orbital infections, especially community-acquired MRSA. It indicates the need for modifying our empirical antimicrobial therapy, especially in orbital cellulitis.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Antraz/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Celulite Orbitária/epidemiologia , Celulite Orbitária/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
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