Comentario acerca del caso Belcebú / Commentary on the Beelzebub case / Commentaire sur le cas clinique de Belzébuth / Comentário sobre o caso Belzebu

A partir de la presentación del caso clínico de un niño de 10 años llamado Belcebú, atendido durante la pandemia de forma virtual a lo largo de un año y cuatro meses, se realiza un comentario teórico-clínico puntualizando los aspectos vinculados a:los enunciados identificatorios; el niño en la estructura familiar y, como aspecto más relevante, el lugar del juego producido en las sesiones, el que sostenido por la mirada posibilitadora de la analista, le permitió alniño elaborar y rescribir marcas identitarias,en pos de una subjetivación menos tanática AU

Based on the presentation of the clinical case of a 10-year-old boy named Belcebú, treated virtually during the pandemic for a yearand four months, a theoretical-clinical comment is made, pointing out the aspects related to: the identifying statements; the child in the family structure and, as a most relevant aspect, the place of the play produced in the sessions, which, supported by the analyst's enabling gaze, allowed the child to elaborate and rewrite identity marks, in pursuit of a less thanatic subjectivation AU

Sur la base de la présentation du cas clinique d'un garçon de 10 ans nommé Belcebú, traité virtuellement pendant la pandémie durant un an et quatre mois, un commentaire théorico-clinique est fait, soulignant les aspects liés:aux énoncés identifiants; l'enfant dans la structure familiale et, comme aspect le plus pertinent, la place du jeu produit dans les séances, qui, soutenu par le regard habilitant de l'analyste, a permis à l'enfant d'élaborer et de réécrire des marques identitaires, à la poursuite d'une subjectivation moins thanatique AU

A partir da apresentação do caso clínico de um menino de 10 anos chamado Belcebú, tratado virtualmente durante a pandemia por um ano e quatro meses, é feito um comentário teórico-clínico, apontando os aspectos relacionados: a os depoimentos identificadores; a criança na estrutura familiar e, como aspecto mais relevante, o lugar da brincadeira produzida nas sessões, que, amparada pelo olhar capacitador do analista, permitiu à criança elaborar e reescrever marcas identitárias, em busca de uma subjetivação menos tanática AU

Interpretation of 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure : New concepts of heart failure and cardiac surgery concerns / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure". The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose and manage patients with heart failure. Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The 2022 heart failure guideline provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence for the treatment of these patients. The recommendations present an evidence-based approach to manage patients with heart failure, with the intent to improve quality of care and align with patients’ interests. New recommendations have been created when supported by published data. Value statements are provided for certain treatments with high-quality published economic analyses. This article summarized and interpreted the new concept of heart failure in 2022 guidelines, especially the new evidence and suggestions related to cardiac surgery.

Nursing Productivity of Tertiary General Hospitals using Financial Statements / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyze financial ratios and nursing productivity and to interpret comparisons of financial standard ratios. METHODS: The financial statements of 21 tertiary general hospitals were collected from the webpage of the National Tax Service in Korea. General characteristics of the hospitals were acquired from their webpages. RESULTS: The results obtained were compared with the financial standard ratios of Korean hospitals. The majority of hospitals showed poor liquidity, performance, turnover, and growth. Nursing productivity was measured by calculating annual value added per nurse (￦ 39,746,938) and annual gross revenues per nurses (￦ 65,803,550). CONCLUSION: Interestingly, although the financial ratios were generally poor, nursing productivities were very good. Nurse managers can suggest increasing nursing staff levels based on high nursing productivity despite poor financial conditions.

Reasons of shortage for donated sperm and plan to resolve deficiencies in the sperm donor system

Sperm banking from recruited donors is an important way to help infertile couples who want to achieve pregnancy by therapeutic artificial insemination, even in the era of in vitro fertilization. Korea has the lowest population density of newborns among all Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, with a total fertility rate of 1.17 and an annual birth rate of 300,000 or less as of 2017. This situation emerged due to various causes, including late marriage, fecundity problems, and air pollution. Nevertheless, we have imposed strict limits on basic research and clinical activities, including the operation of sperm banks, in the field of human reproduction under the 2005 Bioethics and Safety Act. Therefore, cryopreserved sperm for artificial insemination is almost absent in the sperm banks of major human reproduction centers. To resolve this difficult situation, as well as to increase the operation of sperm banks in Korea to the global standard level, the author evaluates the underlying reasons for donor sperm use by azoospermic patients from medical, ethical, legal, religious, and cultural perspectives, and then proposes a plan to resolve this situation including highly regulated standard operating procedures to ensure comprehensive safety practices for voluntary sperm donors and infertile couples, as well as to build an ideal sperm donation program.

Management of ulcerative colitis in Taiwan: consensus guideline of the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation of the colon, and the prevalence and incidence of UC have been steadily increasing in Taiwan. A steering committee was established by the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease to formulate statements on the diagnosis and management of UC taking into account currently available evidence and the expert opinion of the committee. Accurate diagnosis of UC requires thorough clinical, endoscopic, and histological assessment and careful exclusion of differential diagnoses, particularly infectious colitis. The goals of UC therapy are to induce and maintain remission, reduce the risk of complications, and improve quality of life. As outlined in the recommended treatment algorithm, choice of treatment is dictated by severity, extent, and course of disease. Patients should be evaluated for hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis infection prior to immunosuppressive treatment, especially with steroids and biologic agents, and should be regularly monitored for reactivation of latent infection. These consensus statements are also based on current local evidence with consideration of factors, and could be serve as concise and practical guidelines for supporting clinicians in the management of UC in Taiwan.

Management of Crohn's disease in Taiwan: consensus guideline of the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. CD is rare in Taiwan and other Asian countries, but its prevalence and incidence have been steadily increasing. A steering committee was established by the Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease to formulate statements on the diagnosis and management of CD taking into account currently available evidence and the expert opinion of the committee. Thorough clinical, endoscopic, and histological assessments are required for accurate diagnosis of CD. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are complementary to endoscopic evaluation for disease staging and detecting complications. The goals of CD management are to induce and maintain remission, reduce the risk of complications, and improve quality of life. Corticosteroids are the mainstay for inducing re-mission. Immunomodulating and biologic therapies should be used to maintain remission. Patients should be evaluated for hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis infection prior to treatment and receive regular surveillance for cancer. These consensus statements are based on current local evidence with consideration of factors, and could be serve as concise and practical guidelines for supporting clinicians in the management of patients with CD in Taiwan.

Pros and cons of the health transformation program in Iran: evidence from financial outcomes at the household level / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The health transformation program was a recent reform in the health system of Iran that was implemented in early 2014. Some of the program's important goals were to improve the equity of payments and to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). In this study, these goals were evaluated using a before-and-after analysis. METHODS: Data on household income and expenditures in Guilan Province were gathered for the years 2013 and 2015. OOP payments for outpatient, inpatient, and drug services were calculated, and the results were compared using the propensity score matching technique after adjusting for confounding variables. Concentration indices and curves were added to quantify changes in inequity before and after the reform. The incidence of catastrophic expenditures was then calculated. RESULTS: Overall and outpatient service OOP payments increased by approximately 10 dollars, while for other types of services, no significant changes were found. Inequity and utilization of services did not change after the reform. However, a significant reduction was observed in CHE incidence (5.75 to 3.82%). CONCLUSIONS: The reform was successful in decreasing the incidence of CHE, but not in reducing the monetary amount of OOP payments or affecting the frequency of health service utilization.

Pros and cons of the health transformation program in Iran: evidence from financial outcomes at the household level / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The health transformation program was a recent reform in the health system of Iran that was implemented in early 2014. Some of the program's important goals were to improve the equity of payments and to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). In this study, these goals were evaluated using a before-and-after analysis.METHODS: Data on household income and expenditures in Guilan Province were gathered for the years 2013 and 2015. OOP payments for outpatient, inpatient, and drug services were calculated, and the results were compared using the propensity score matching technique after adjusting for confounding variables. Concentration indices and curves were added to quantify changes in inequity before and after the reform. The incidence of catastrophic expenditures was then calculated.RESULTS: Overall and outpatient service OOP payments increased by approximately 10 dollars, while for other types of services, no significant changes were found. Inequity and utilization of services did not change after the reform. However, a significant reduction was observed in CHE incidence (5.75 to 3.82%).CONCLUSIONS: The reform was successful in decreasing the incidence of CHE, but not in reducing the monetary amount of OOP payments or affecting the frequency of health service utilization.

Survey of Package Inserts for Cautionary Statements about Hypersensitivity Caused by Drug Moieties Similar to Sulfonamide / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>The aim of this study was to review cautionary statements regarding hypersensitivity to drugs with a moiety similar to sulfonamide on Japanese package inserts.<br><b>Methods: </b>From approved drugs listed as of March 2015, we selected those with a moiety similar to sulfonamide and examined their therapeutic categories, together with the presence or absence, location, and wording of cautionary statements regarding usage, and matters pertaining to a history of drug hypersensitivity that was not limited to sulfonamide, on the package inserts.<br><b>Results: </b>We extracted 73 drugs (65 components) that included a moiety similar to sulfonamide.  Their therapeutic categories were diverse, and 39 (53.4%) had cautionary statements about hypersensitivity caused by a moiety similar to sulfonamide.  Among these 39 drugs, the cautionary statements were located in different sections (Contraindication 31, Careful Administration 4, and Important Precautions 4).  The cautionary statements showed differences in wording according to the individual drugs or positions.  For 10 of the drugs, information pertaining to a history of drug hypersensitivity not limited to sulfonamide was provided.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Medical staff should recognize that package inserts are not standardized with regard to cautionary statements about hypersensitivity caused by moieties similar to sulfonamide, and that it is necessary to predict or judge the likelihood of cross-hypersensitivity reaction to such moieties on the basis of their chemical structure.  In addition, it is necessary to carefully observe the clinical condition of individual patients who are receiving drugs that have a moiety similar to sulfonamide.

A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and best practice statements for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and Best Practice Statements (BPS) concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines′ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association (AUA) and American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology (EAU) and European Society of Pediatric Urology (ESPU) were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.

The 2014 Hepatology Society of the Philippines consensus statements on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a devastating disease that is increasingly being diagnosed among Filipinos, especially in at-risk populations. There are disease-specific nuances in the evaluation and management of this infection. Furthermore, advances in the field brought about by clinical research are rapidly moulding the way we evaluate and manage HCV patients. Evidently, consensus statements formulated by experts in the field are needed in order to serve as a guide to physicians who see HCV patients in the clinic. With this in mind, the Hepatology Society of the Philippines spearheaded the formation of these statements which aimed to address issues in the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up care of patients with HCV infection.Recommendations on the specific tests to perform in the evaluation of HCV patients before, during and after treatment, and first-line treatment of patients with acute and chronic HCV infection were provided. Treatment algorithms for chronic HCV infection, divided according to viral genotype, were also devised. We acknowledge the limitations brought about by the local inavailability of some drugs/treatment regimens in the local setting at the time of the formulation of these statements. As such, these statements will be revised as soon as new data become locally applicable.  

La "medicalizaióón" de los alimentos / The "mediclizatiion" of food / A "medicalizaço"" dos alimentos

Desde hace décadas, tanto las autoridades sanitarias como los profesionales de la salud han hecho un énfasis especial en la importancia de la relación entre la alimentación y el mantenimiento de la salud. No obstante, conviene tener en cuenta que, aunque esta vinculación no es nueva, en los últimos años se ha desbordado del marco estrictamente alimentario-nutricional, lo que ha generado una proliferación de productos alimenticios que alegan declaraciones vinculadas con la salud. Ante esta situación, y con el fin de proteger a los consumidores, en la Unión Europea el legislador ha creado una figura jurídica mientras que, en el ámbito científico, se han seguido investigando las propiedades saludables de estos alimentos. En este contexto se ha desarrollado, no sin polémica, la "medicalización de la alimentación".

For decades, both the health authorities and health professionals placed special emphasis on the importance of the relationship between food and health maintenance. However, it should be noted that although this relationship is not new, in recent years it has overflown the strict food and nutrition framework, which has generated a plethora of food products claiming health-related statements. Given this situation, and in order to protect consumers, legislators in the European Union have created a new legal form while, in the scientific field, it continues to investigate the health benefits of these foods. The "medicalization of food" has, not without controversy, been developed in this context.

Há décadas, tanto as autoridades sanitárias quanto os profissionais da saúde têm dado ênfase especial à importância da relação entre a alimentação e a manutenção da saúde. Contudo, convém considerar que, embora essa vinculação não seja nova, nos últimos anos, tem passado do limite estritamente alimentar-nutricional, o que tem gerado uma proliferação de produtos alimentares que alegam declarações vinculadas com a saúde. Diante dessa situação e a fim de proteger os consumidores, na União Europeia, o legislador criou uma nova figura jurídica enquanto, no âmbito científico, continuam investigando as propriedades saudáveis desses alimentos. Nesse contexto, desenvolve-se, não sem polêmica, a "medicalização da alimentação".

La interpretación de enunciados condicionales como bicondicionales y su problemática en la tarea de selección / The interpretation of conditional statements as biconditional statements and its problems to selection task

En diversas ocasiones, los enunciados condicionales son perfeccionados, esto es, entendidos como bicondicionales. Este hecho provoca problemas para la interpretación de textos en general y para la comprensión correcta de las instrucciones de la tarea de selección en particular. Habitualmente, los resultados de esta tarea son extraños y, por ello, han surgido teorías que tratan de explicarlos a partir de hipótesis relativas a determinados mecanismos mentales o tipos de razonamiento especiales en los seres humanos. En este trabajo, tratamos de demostrar, revisando críticamente un experimento concreto presente en la literatura, que no es necesario aceptar tales hipótesis y que se puede explicar lo que sucede en dicho experimento asumiendo, simplemente, que los participantes perfeccionan algunas reglas condicionales que se proponen en él.

On several occasions, conditional statements are perfected, that is, are understood as biconditional statements. This causes problems for texts interpretation in general and for the correct understanding of the instructions of the selection task in particular. Usually, the results of this task are unexpected and, due to this, theories have been raised in order to try to explain them from hypotheses about certain mental mechanisms or special types of reasoning in human beings. In this paper, I try to demonstrate, through a critical review of a particular experiment in the literature, that it is not necessary to assume such hypotheses and that it is possible to explain what happens in such experiment simply assuming that participants perfect some conditional rules proposed in it.

Detección de proteínas lácteas en alimentos infantiles en polvo con frases de advertencia / Detection of Milk Proteins in Powder Infant Foods with Precautionary Statements / Detecção de proteínas lácteas em alimentos infantis em pó com frases de advertência

En Argentina, la Comisión Nacional de Alimentos debe elaborar una propuesta de adecuación de la Declaración obligatoria de los componentes alérgenos en el rótulo de los alimentos (art. 235 séptimo del Código Alimentario Argentino). La posibilidad de declarar frases de advertencia es uno de los temas en estudio. En el mercado se encuentran productos en polvo para lactantes y niños en la primera infancia que presentan la frase: Elaborado enuna línea donde se procesan productos con leche. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar este grupo de alimentos con el fin de determinar la posible presencia de proteínas lácteas. Las muestras analizadas fueron cuatro lotes diferentes de los productos 5 cereales, Arroz, Trigo con miel, Vainilla, Maíz y Trigo con frutas. La determinación de leche se realizó utilizando kits ELISA de las marcas r-biopharm y Veratox de Neogen. Debido a que no existe un consenso internacional respecto de los valores umbrales para la posible declaración de alérgenos en alimentos, se consideraron como valores de referencia los de la legislación japonesa; el programa EU- VITAL y el programa VITAL 2.0. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, 15 lotes presentaron valores de leche por debajo delos límites de cuantificación de los kits y 9 lotes presentaron concentraciones desde 2,9 hasta 17,5 ppm de proteínas de leche. Considerando los valores obtenidos para cada lote se estableció, para cada legislación o programa internacional, de qué manera debería declarar se el alérgeno leche. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, si la empresa lleva a cabo un plan eficaz de control de alérgenos en los productos analizados, nos parece que sería adecuado el uso de una frase de advertencia.

In Argentina, the National Food Commission (CONAL, byits acronym in Spanish) should formulate a modification of the mandatory declaration of allergens on food labels (art. 235 7° of the Argentine Food Code). The possibility of using allergen precautionary statements is one of the items under study. In the market there are powder products for infants and children in early childhood that show the phrase "produced in a factory that processes milk products". The aim of this study was to analyse this group of foods in order to determine the possible presence of milk proteins. Samples from four different batches of the products 5 cereals, rice, wheat with honey, vanilla, corn and wheat with fruit were analysed. The detection and quantification of milk was performed using ELISA kits from R- biopharm and Veratox from Neogen. As there is no international consensus on threshold values for the possible declaration of allergens in foods, the Japanese legislation, the EU VITAL program and the VITAL 2.0 program were considered as reference values. According to the results obtained, the milk values were below the detection limits of the kits in 15 batches and the concentration of milk proteins were between 2,9 and 17,5 ppm in 9 batches. With the values obtained for each batch, it was established how the milk allergen has to be declared according to the legislation or international program considered as reference value. In view of our results, if the company carries out an effective plan to control allergens, the use of a allergen precautionary statement in the tested products seems to be appropriate.

Na Argentina, a Comissão Nacional de Alimentos deve elaborar uma proposta de adequação da Declaração obrigatória dos componentes alérgenos no rótulo dos alimentos ((art. 235 sétimo do Código Alimentar Argentino). A possibilidade de declarar frases de advertência é um dos sistemas em estudo. No mercado existem produtos em pó para lactantes e crianças na primeira infância que apresentam a frase: Elaborado em um alinha onde são processados produtos com leite. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar este grupo de alimentos com o fim de determinar a possível presença de proteínas lácteas. As amostras analisadas foram quatro lotes diferentes dos produtos 5 cereais, Arroz, Trigo com mel, Baunilha Milho e Trigo com frutas. A determinação de leite foi realizada utilizando ELISA das marcas r-biopharm e Veratox da Neogen. Devido ao fato de que não existe um consenso internacional a respeito dos valores limiares para a possível declaração de alérgenos em alimentos, foram considerados como valores de referência os da legislação japonesa; o programa EU- VITAL e o programa VITAL 2.0. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, 15 lotes apresentaram valores de leite abaixo dos limites de quantificação dos kits e 9lotes apresentaram concentrações de 2,9 até 17,5 ppm de proteínas de leite. Considerando os valores obtidos para cada lote foi estabelecido, para cada legislação ou programa internacional, de que modo deveria ser declarado o alérgeno leite. De acordo com os nossos estudos, se a empresa realiza um plano eficaz de controle de alérgenos nos produtos analisados, acreditamos que seria adequado o uso de uma frase de advertência.

Femicidio, un indicador de violencia social hacia la mujer / Femicide, an indicator of social violence against women

El presente artículo pretende realizar una revisión del tema de femicidio, brindando una definición completa del tema, estadística generales y aspectos legales relacionados con el tema...

Completude da informação nas Declarações de Nascido Vivo e nas Declarações de Óbito, neonatal precoce e fetal, da região de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, 2000-2007 / Completeness of data on live birth certificates and death certificates for early neonatal and fetal deaths in the Ribeirão Preto Region, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2000-2007

Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a completude do preenchimento de nove campos comuns à Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV) e à Declaração de Óbito (DO), bem como o desempenho da recuperação de informações de óbitos neonatais precoces. Foram considerados os registros de nascidos vivos, de óbitos neonatais precoces e fetais, em residentes nos municípios da região de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, de 2000 a 2007; no pareamento de bases de dados de nascidos vivos e de óbitos, foram recuperadas as informações dos óbitos neonatais precoces. A DNV apresentou bom preenchimento e a DO, precário; a recuperação de informações de óbito foi satisfatória, exceto para escolaridade da mãe, quantidade de filhos tidos vivos e filhos tidos mortos. Os resultados mostraram que é necessário melhorar o preenchimento da DO e que o processo de recuperação aprimorou a completude da informação nas bases de dados dos óbitos neonatais precoces. O uso de relatórios sobre as investigações de óbitos em nível local é recomendado como uma estratégia para tornar mais completos os bancos de dados de óbito.

This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of data on nine items included in both the certificate of live birth (CLB) and death certificate (DC), as well as the retrieval of data on early neonatal deaths. The study assessed live birth and early neonatal and fetal death records in municipalities in the Ribeirão Preto Region, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2000 to 2007. Database matching for live births and deaths allowed retrieving data on early neonatal deaths. Data completion was good on the CLB and poor on the DC. Retrieval of data related to mortality was satisfactory, except for maternal schooling, number of live born children, and stillbirths. The findings highlight the need to improve completion of the DC and showed that the retrieval process improved the completeness of data from the database on early neonatal deaths. The use of reports on local investigation of deaths is recommended as a strategy to make mortality databases more complete.

Relatos de experiencia, saber pedagógico y reconstrucción de la memoria escolar / Statements of experience, pedagogical knowledge and reconstruction of the school memory

El artículo explora las potencialidades teóricas, metodológicas y políticas de la documentación narrativa de experiencias pedagógicas como dispositivo de investigación-formación-acción entre docentes y modalidad de trabajo colaborativo orientado a la reconstrucción de la memoria pedagógica de la escuela y al cambio educativo. Para ello, propone una mirada pedagógica de las escuelas, los docentes y el currículum, vincula en términos teóricos la narrativa docente, la memoria pedagógica y el currículum en acción, presenta argumentos a favor del diseño de formas de documentación pedagógica alternativas a las dominantes, pondera los relatos de experiencias pedagógicas como otra manera de nombrar el mundo escolar, se interroga e identifica potencialidades críticas de la estrategia, pone en consideración una definición amplia de saber pedagógico e imagina algunas implicancias intelectuales y políticas de la difusión de estas modalidades alternativas de producción de saber pedagógico, formación entre pares e intervención política en el campo pedagógico.

The article explores the methodological, theoretical and political potentialities of the narrative documentation of pedagogical experiences as an instrument of educational action research among teachers and as a modality of collaborative work orientated to the reconstruction of the pedagogical memory of the school and to the educational change. Thus, it proposes a pedagogical view of the schools, the teachers and the curriculum, connects in theoretical terms the teacher's narrative, the pedagogical memory and the curriculum in action, presents arguments in favor of the drawing of alternative forms of pedagogical documentation to the dominant ones, shows the statements of pedagogical experiences as another way of naming the school world, asks and identifies critical potentialities of strategy, puts in consideration a wide definition of pedagogical knowledge and imagines some intellectual and political implications of the diffusion of these alternative modalities to produce pedagogical knowledge, formation in pairs and political intervention in the pedagogic field.

Percepciones, conocimiento local y expectativas de campesinos cafetaleros en puriscal, Costa Rica / Perceptions, lcaal knowledge and expectations of peasant coffe farmers in purriscal, Costa Rica

El propósito de este estudio fue sistematizar las percepciones y saberes locales emitidos por una comunidad campesina de Costa Rica, principalmente en cuanto a su visión del estado actual y las expectativas para el futuro de la actividad cafetera. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad para indagar la percepción sobre el estado actual de la caficultura y las expectativas para el futuro. Las entrevistas se desarrollaron en 39 fincas cafetaleras del cantón de Puriscal, Costa Rica. El estudio tomó elementos de los procedimientos y técnicas de enfoques cualitativos como grounded theory y sistematización de experiencias. Los temas abordados fueron enfocados hacia tres tópicos: estado actual y futuro de la actividad cafetera; opiniones sobre la caficultura orgánica, y expectativas y necesidades de capacitación. A pesar de que el mayor número de enunciados sugiere una actitud pesimista frente a la crisis de esta actividad, casi la mitad de ellos denotan una actitud optimista frente a esta actividad. El mayor número de enunciados sistematizados evidencia una actitud optimista frente a la producción orgánica. La mayor parte de expectativas denotan la necesidad de capacitarse en manejo de abonos orgánicos y control de enfermedades.

This study aims to systematization ofcapture the experience of both perceptions and local knowledge of a Peasant community from Costa Rica, mainly, about his on their vision and expectation on the coffee growingth activity. Interview iIn- depth interviews were done carried out to inquiry perceptions on current state of coffee production systems and expectations at regarding future of coffee productiongrowers. Interviews were applieds in 39 coffee farms of Cantón of Puriscal, Costa Rica. This study used methods and techniques from qualitative approaches such as like the grounded theory and the systematization of experiences. The issues treated were related with to three topics: present and future state of coffee production systems; opinions on organic coffee production systems, and training expectations and requirements of training. Even though the most statements suggested a pessimistic attitude in frontregarding the crisis of coffee productionactivity, almostready half of producers noted an optimistic attitude towardsin front of the future. The mMost of the systemized statements evidenced an optimistic attitude regardingin front organic coffee production system. The mostmajority of expectations systematized indicate the need requirements of training in about both management of organic fertilizers management and disease control of diseases.