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RESUMEN Introducción La taxonomía del género Streptococcus ha sido modificada con el uso de herramientas de biología molecular, que facilitan la identificación de especies que causan impacto en la patología humana tal como Streptococcus pluranimalium que, en México, hasta la fecha sólo ha sido reportado en adultos. Objetivo Reportar los primeros casos pediátricos de bacteriemia por Streptococcus pluranimalium. Casos clínicos Se presentan tres casos clínicos de pacientes femeninas en edad pediátrica, la primera de nueve meses con neumonía asociada a ventilador, recibió tratamiento con vancomicina. La segunda de 23 meses con absceso sub mandibular tratada con amoxicilina/sulbactam y la tercera de 11 años con endocarditis y bacteremia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, recibió vancomicina, meropenem y gentamicina, falleció por insuficiencia cardiaca. Todas las pacientes cursaron con bacteriemia por Streptococcus pluranimalium. Discusión Streptococcus pluranimalium no ha sido reportado previamente en niños. Puede ser patógeno en diferentes y severos procesos infecciosos en seres humanos.
ABSTRACT Introduction Streptococcus gender taxonomy has changed, due to the use of molecular biology tools that allows the identification of new pathogenic species like Streptococcus pluranimalium, which in Mexico has only been reported in adults. Objetive To report the first three pediatric cases of Streptococcus pluranimalium bacteremia. Clinical Cases Three clinical cases of female patients of pediatric age, the first of nine months with ventilator-associated pneumonia, were treated with vancomycin. The second of 23 months with sub-mandibular abscess treated with amoxicillin / sulbactam and the third of 11 years with endocarditis and bacteremia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, received vancomycin, meropenem and gentamicin, died of heart failure. All patients had bacteremia due to Streptococcus pluranimalium. Discussion Streptococcus pluranimalium has not been reported previously in children. It could be pathogen in different and severe animal and human infectious process.
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Context: The genus Streptococcus consists of more than 65 species. The taxonomic classification of these members is not well‑defined. Among the viridans group streptococci (VGS), there are major taxonomic changes by the addition of many new species; whereas, most of the new strains are of animal origin and only a few have been reported to be isolated from humans. Rare and unusual species of VGS such as Streptococcus thoraltensis, S. pluranimalium and S. hyointestinalis are normally associated with different animals. Their isolation from human being is not yet reported. Aim: To find out the rare and unusual species of viridans group streptococci from human oral cavity. Settings and Design: A case‑controlled study carried out at hospital‑based dental services in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples of the tooth were collected from 80 patients (34 with periodontitis and 46 without periodontitis) undergoing tooth extraction. Cultures were subcultured onto special media such as Tryptone Soya blood Agar supplemented with strepto supplement and Mutans‑Sanguis Agar. Identification of strains and antimicrobial susceptibilities were measured as minimum inhibitory concentration using Vitek 2 (BioMérieux, Paris, France) automated system. Results: We have identified three strains of VGS – S. thoraltensis, S. pluranimalium and S. hyointestinalis from subgingival plaque samples from patients with periodontitis. S. thoraltensis and S. pluranimalium were found to be resistant to most of the antibiotics. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of these rare and unusual strains from the human oral cavity.