Advances on BTB protein ubiquitination mediated plant development and stress response / 生物工程学报

The BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac) domain is a highly conserved protein interaction motif in eukaryotes. They are widely involved in transcriptional regulation, protein degradation and other processes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that these genes play important roles in plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress processes. Here, we summarize the advances of these proteins ubiquitination-mediated development and abiotic stress responses in plants based on the protein structure, which may facilitate the study of this type of gene in plants.

ROPs: Molecular Switches of Multiple Signal Pathways in Plant Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

RHO-related GTPases of plants (ROPs) are a class of signal transduction G proteins (alsoknown as GTP binding proteins) widely existing in plants. ROP proteins act as " molecular switches" toregulate the signal transduction process during cellular activities such as plant cell polarity regulation, plant morphological development, hormone level regulation, stress responses and many other life activitiesby shifting between inactive GDP-binding and active GTP-binding forms in the cells. In this review, thedomain structure, classification, the mechanism of activity regulation and biological functions of ROPproteins were summarize. Furthermore, ROP proteins from Arabidopsis, maize, rice and barley werephylogenetically analyzed. The results show that ROP proteins were classified into two types based on thedomain structure of the proteins. However, these ROP proteins were divided into 4 clades based on thesimilarity of protein sequences. Furthermore, the mechanism of ROP proteins as a molecular switchregulating various signaling pathways in cells, and the specific functions and mechanisms of ROPs in thepolarized growth of pollen tubes, root hairs and plant pavement cells and other stress responses werecharacterized. In addition, the research progress of the function of ROPs in plant hormones such as ABA, IAA and BR mediated signal transduction were described as well. At last, the unanswered questions suchas why different ROP proteins play distinct roles in the same signaling pathway and how ROPs coordinatedifferent signal pathways to jointly regulate a plant’ s development or physiological process werediscussed, which may shed light on future research.

Perceived occupational stress among employees of Western Visayas Sanitarium

Background@#Work-related stress is the response when workers are presented with demands incongruent with their knowledge and abilities, challenging their ability to cope. Healthcare workers face a wide range of stressors and are at a high-risk of burnout, which may eventually affect quality and safety care.@*Objective@#This study aimed to determine the incidence of perceived occupational stress among the employees of Western Visayas Sanitarium. Specifically, it looked into their demographical profile and determined their perceived stressors, stress responses, and social support.@*Methods@#This study used a cross-sectional research design. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson r, Cramer’s V, t-test , ANOVA) were computed using IBM-SPSS v.20 and Microsoft 365 Excel pivot tables.@*Results@#The study revealed that over-all stress level of respondents is low. It has been shown that job stressor has a significant relationship with stress responses and that low social support is correlated to high stress responses. Quantitative overload, physical workload, and mental demand were identified as top job stressors.@*Conclusion@#This study revealed that job stress was higher among younger age groups. Gender has no significant relationship in measuring job stress. Single employees exhibited more job stress than married ones. Management policies should be drafted to address stressors identified in this study to prevent stress and possible burnout among employees. A follow-up study with the same respondents may be conducted to find out if change has occurred after some intervening measures to address occupational stress have been instituted.

Bacterial stress response, physiological metabolism and antimicrobial tolerance and the control strategies / 生物工程学报

Overuse of antibiotics in medical care and animal husbandry has led to the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, causing increasingly more health concern. In addition to genetic mutations and the formation of resistance, the various stresses bacteria encountered in the natural environment trigger their stress responses, which not only protect them from these stresses, but also change their tolerance to antimicrobials. The emergence of antimicrobial tolerance will inevitably affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria. However, bacteria can restore their sensitivity to drugs by regulating their own metabolism. This article reviews recent studies on the relationship between bacterial stress responses or the physiological metabolism and antimicrobial tolerance, intending to take more effective measures to control the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Genome-wide identification of abscisic acid (ABA) receptor pyrabactin resistance 1-like protein (PYL) family members and expression analysis of PYL genes in response to different concentrations of ABA stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国天然药物

As abscisic acid (ABA) receptor, the pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYR/PYL) protein (named PYL for simplicity) plays an important part to unveil the signal transduction of ABA and its regulatory mechanisms. Glycyrrhiza uralensis, a drought-tolerant medicinal plant, is a good model for the mechanism analysis of ABA response and active compound biosynthesis. However, knowledge about PYL family in G. uralensis remains largely unknown. Here, 10 PYLs were identified in G. uralensis genome. Characterization analysis indicated that PYLs in G. uralensis (GuPYLs) are relatively conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GuPYL1-3 belongs to subfamily I, GuPYL4-6 and GuPYL10 belong to subfamily II and GuPYL7-9 belongs to subfamily III. In addition, transcriptome data presented various expression levels of GuPYLs under different exogenous ABA stresses. The expression pattern of GuPYLs was verified by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The study proved that GuPYL4, GuPYL5, GuPYL8 and GuPYL9 genes are significantly up-regulated by ABA stress and the response process is dynamic. This study paves the way for elucidating the regulation mechanism of ABA signal to secondary metabolites and improving the cultivation and quality of G. uralensis using agricultural strategies.

Expression and purification of the transcription factor StMsn2 from Setosphaeria turcica in Escherichia coli

Background: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Msn2, which acts as a key transcription factor downstream the MAPKHOG cascade pathway, also regulates the expression of genes related to stress responses. However, little is known about the regulation mechanisms of the transcription factor in Setosphaeria turcica. Results: In this study, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, designated as StMSN2, was cloned from S. turcica. Sequencing results showed that StMSN2 had a 1752 bp open reading frame (ORF), which was interrupted by an intron (135 bp) and encoded a putative 538-amino acid protein. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that StMsn2 was more closely related to Msn2 of Aspergillus parasiticus. StMSN2 was cloned into the pET-28a vector with His (Histidine) tags and induced with 1 mM IPTG (isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactoside) at 37°C. The recombinant His-tagged StMsn2 was purified, and a band of size approximately 58.8 kDa was obtained. The high specificity of the polyclonal antibody Msn2-2 was detected with the StMsn2 protein from S. turcica and prokaryotic expression system, respectively. Conclusions: A new gene, named StMSN2, with 1617 bp ORF was cloned from S. turcica and characterized using bioinformatics methods. StMsn2 was expressed and purified in a prokaryotic system. A polyclonal antibody, named Msn2-2, against StMsn2 with high specificity was identified.

Fatores de transcrição da família ap2/erf e resposta em plantas aos estresses abióticos / Factores de transcripción de la familia ap2/erf y respuesta en plantas a estreses abióticos / Transcription factors of the ap2/erf and plants responses to abiotic stress

Em seu ambiente natural, as condições de água e temperatura são altamente variáveis, e podem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento e reprodução das plantas. Para sobreviver em tais condições, as plantas respondem, desenvolvendo uma complexa rede de sinalização em nível molecular, celular e bioquímico. A regulação gênica em nível de transcrição é um dos principais pontos no controle dos processos biológicos, sendo que os fatores de transcrição (TFs) desempenham um papel fundamental nesse processo. A família AP2/ERF é uma grande família de TFs específico de plantas que compartilham um domínio conservado de ligação ao DNA. Essa família de TFs incluía proteínas da subfamília DREB que desempenham um papel crucial na resposta das plantas a estresses abióticos, reconhecendo o elemento responsivo à desidratação com um motivo central A/GCCGAC. As proteínas da subfamília de fatores de resposta ao etileno estão envolvidas em respostas aos estresses bióticos e abióticos, reconhecendo o elemento cis-acting AGCCGCC denominado GCC-box. Nesta revisão foi discutido o papel dos TFs AP2/ERF em condições de estresse abiótico e suas implicações funcionais em estudos de expressão gênica. A compreensão dos determinantes genéticos da tolerância aos estresses abióticos constitui um passo importante nos programas de melhoramento genético.

In their natural environment, temperature and water conditions are highly variable and may affect the survival, growth and reproduction of plants. In order to survive under such conditions, plants respond by developing a complex network of signaling at molecular, cellular and biochemical level. The gene regulation at the transcription level is one of the major points in the control of biological processes, and transcription factors play a key role in this process. The AP2/ERF family is a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that share a conserved DNA-binding domain. This transcription factor family includes a subfamily of DREB proteins that plays a crucial role in the plant response to abiotic stresses, recognizing the dehydration responsive element with a central motif A/GCCGAC. The proteins from the subfamily of ethylene response factors are involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses recognizing the cis-acting element AGCCGCC called GCC-box. In this review, the authors discuss the role of AP2/ERF transcription factors in abiotic stress conditions and their functional implications in gene expression studies. Understanding the genetic determinants of abiotic stress tolerance is an important step in breeding programs.

En su ambiente natural, las condiciones del agua y temperatura son altamente variables, y pueden afectar la supervivencia, el crecimiento y reproducción de las plantas. Para sobrevivir en tales condiciones, las plantas responden, desarrollando una compleja red de señalización en nivel molecular, celular y bioquímico. La regulación génica en nivel de transcripción es uno de los principales puntos en el control de los procesos biológicos, considerando que los factores de transcripción (TFs) desempeñan un papel importante en ese proceso. La familia AP2/ERF es una gran familia de TFs específico de plantas que comparten un dominio conservado de unión al ADN. Esa familia de TFs incluye proteínas de la subfamilia DREB que desempeñan un papel crucial en la respuesta de las plantas a estreses abióticos, reconociendo el elemento responsivo a la deshidratación con un motivo central A/GCCGAC. Las proteínas de la subfamilia de factores de respuesta al etileno están involucradas en respuestas a los estreses bióticos y abióticos, reconociendo el elemento cis-acting AGCCGCC denominado GCC-box. En esta revisión se discutió el papel de los TFs AP2/ERF en condiciones de estrés abiótico y sus implicaciones funcionales en estudios de expresión génica. La comprensión de los determinantes genéticos de tolerancia a estreses abióticos constituye un paso importante en los programas de mejoramiento genético.

Fatores de transcrição da família ap2/erf e resposta em plantas aos estresses abióticos / Transcription factors of the ap2/erf and plants responses to abiotic stress / Factores de transcripción de la familia ap2/erf y respuesta en plantas a estreses abióticos

Em seu ambiente natural, as condições de água e temperatura são altamente variáveis, e podem afetar a sobrevivência,o crescimento e reprodução das plantas. Para sobreviver em tais condições, as plantas respondem, desenvolvendouma complexa rede de sinalização em nível molecular, celular e bioquímico. A regulação gênica em nível de transcrição éum dos principais pontos no controle dos processos biológicos, sendo que os fatores de transcrição (TFs) desempenham umpapel fundamental nesse processo. A família AP2/ERF é uma grande família de TFs específico de plantas que compartilhamum domínio conservado de ligação ao DNA. Essa família de TFs incluía proteínas da subfamília DREB que desempenhamum papel crucial na resposta das plantas a estresses abióticos, reconhecendo o elemento responsivo à desidratação com ummotivo central A/GCCGAC. As proteínas da subfamília de fatores de resposta ao etileno estão envolvidas em respostas aosestresses bióticos e abióticos, reconhecendo o elemento cis-acting AGCCGCC denominado GCC-box. Nesta revisão foi discutidoo papel dos TFs AP2/ERF em condições de estresse abiótico e suas implicações funcionais em estudos de expressãogênica. A compreensão dos determinantes genéticos da tolerância aos estresses abióticos constitui um passo importante nosprogramas de melhoramento genético.

In their natural environment, temperature and water conditions are highly variable and may affect the survival,growth and reproduction of plants. In order to survive under such conditions, plants respond by developing a complexnetwork of signaling at molecular, cellular and biochemical level. The gene regulation at the transcription level is one of themajor points in the control of biological processes, and transcription factors play a key role in this process. The AP2/ERFfamily is a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that share a conserved DNA-binding domain. This transcriptionfactor family includes a subfamily of DREB proteins that plays a crucial role in the plant response to abiotic stresses, recognizingthe dehydration responsive element with a central motif A/GCCGAC. The proteins from the subfamily of ethyleneresponse factors are involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses recognizing the cis-acting element AGCCGCC calledGCC-box. In this review, the authors discuss the role of AP2/ERF transcription factors in abiotic stress conditions and theirfunctional implications in gene expression studies. Understanding the genetic determinants of abiotic stress tolerance is animportant step in breeding programs.

In their natural environment, temperature and water conditions are highly variable and may affect the survival,growth and reproduction of plants. In order to survive under such conditions, plants respond by developing a complexnetwork of signaling at molecular, cellular and biochemical level. The gene regulation at the transcription level is one of themajor points in the control of biological processes, and transcription factors play a key role in this process. The AP2/ERFfamily is a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that share a conserved DNA-binding domain. This transcriptionfactor family includes a subfamily of DREB proteins that plays a crucial role in the plant response to abiotic stresses, recognizingthe dehydration responsive element with a central motif A/GCCGAC. The proteins from the subfamily of ethyleneresponse factors are involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses recognizing the cis-acting element AGCCGCC calledGCC-box. In this review, the authors discuss the role of AP2/ERF transcription factors in abiotic stress conditions and theirfunctional implications in gene expression studies. Understanding the genetic determinants of abiotic stress tolerance is animportant step in breeding programs constituye un paso importante en los programas de mejoramiento genético.

A study of the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen,then built a path model among self-efficacy,social support,coping style,state-trait anxiety and acute stress responses.Methods 584 students were tested by General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES),Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS),Coping Styles Questionnaire,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Acute Stress Response Scale ( ASP S).Results ①The military freshmen in each factor of acute stress response got a lower score,especially the mean score of the changes of cognition was higher (0.21 ±0.21 ),compared with the other factors,and the changes of pathology (0.053 ±0.114) was lower.②There were significant correlations between self-efficacy,social support,positive coping,negative coping,state anxiety,trait anxiety and acute stress responses (P ＜ 0.01 ).③ Negative coping( r=0.130),trait anxiety(r=0.005) and state anxiety(r=0.002) influenced ASR directly,meanwhile,self-efficacy( r =-1.292) influenced ASR through the state anxiety indirectly,self-efficacy ( r=-7.465 ) and social support ( r =-0.294) influenced ASR indirectly through trait anxiety.Conclusion Acute stress responses of the military freshmen were directly influenced by negative coping and state-trait anxiety,and negative coping style was the main reason.

The effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on stress responses during total knee replacement / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative stress may evoke various changes in hormonal secretion and autonomic nervous system activity. We designed this study to investigate the effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on stress hormone responses. METHODS: Thirty women more than 60 years of age, undergoing bilateral total knee replacement surgery were studied. Patients were randomized to receive either general anesthesia (group I), or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (group II). Blood samples were obtained immediately before anesthesia induction, immediately after skin incision, after first knee prosthesis insertion, and end of operation, immediately for measurement of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were significantly lower in group II after the prosthesis insertion and at the end of operation, immediately. The plasma concentration of cortisol was significantly higher than basal values in both of two groups through the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has the blocking effect of releasing catecholamine during total knee replacement surgery and immediately after the surgery. The effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on stress responses during total knee replacement is better than that of general anesthesia.

Effects of General Anesthesia Combined with Epidural Block on Cardiovascular and Stress Response for Thoracic Surgery in Geriatric Patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the effects of cardiovascular and stress responses and the feasibility during thoracic surgery for geriatric patients under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. Methods Thirty elderly patients ASAⅠ-Ⅱ, scheduled for elective thoracic surgery, were divided randomly into combined general and epidural anesthesia group(G+E)and general anesthesia group(G). In both groups general anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5mg/kg, fentanyl 4?g/kg, atracurium 0.6mg/kg, and maintained with intravenous continuously of propofol 5～7 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 , intermittent iv bolus of fentanyl and atracurium. In group GE epidural was performed at T_ 5-9 and an epidural catheter was placed and 1% lidocain 5 ml was given before induction of general anesthesia, after intubation and remained the cardiovascular stable, 1% lidocain 5～10 ml was infused epidural space. Appropriate fentanyl was given before skin incision for analgesia. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h after skin incision and the end of surgery for determining of cortisol, norepinephrine(NE), epinephrine(E)and interleukin-6(IL-6); measured and recorded the mean artery pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), general anesthetic dosage and the duration of postoperative revival. Results In group GE, serum cortisol at 10 min,30 min and 1 h after skin incision decreased significantly compared with those in group G( P

Effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and enteric disturbance on stress responses in rats: An experimental study / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To study the effect of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum and enteric disturbance on serum ?-endorphin (?-EP) in SD rats, in order to investigate their influence on peri-operative stress responses in SD rats. Methods A total of 120 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with 30 rats in each group. The four groups received CO 2 pneumoperitoneum (Group A), a 5 cm abdominal incision (Group B), a 5 cm abdominal incision with gastroenteric disturbance (Group C), and intraperitoneal anesthesia (Group D or Control Group), respectively. Concentrations of serum ?-EP of these groups were measured 10 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the beginning of surgery, respectively. Results Concentrations of serum ?-EP in the Group A 10 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the beginning of surgery were 274 7?66 6 pg/dl, 157 3?63 8 pg/dl, and 163 9?74 5 pg/dl, respectively, which were all extremely significantly higher than those in the Control Group ( P