A cross-sectional study of influence of cerebral dominance on cardiovascular responses to autonomic stressor tests in adolescents

Background: Hand preference is perhaps the most obvious behavioral asymmetry observed in humans and is related to cerebral dominance. Animal and human studies have shown that cerebral cortex has a definite role in regulation of cardiovascular autonomic activity. Each hemisphere exhibits differential control over dynamics of heart especially the sympathetic activity is controlled by right hemisphere insula in particular. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate influence of cerebral dominance (handedness) on cardiovascular responses such as heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) indices to autonomic stressor tests in the left and right hander adolescents. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in cardiovascular responses in the left and right handers to autonomic stressor tests. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 35 right and 35 left hander students of age group 16–20 years. Autonomic stressor tests used in the study were handgrip dynamometry and cold pressor test (CPT). Results: The right and left handers had similar baseline values of BP and HR. All the subjects responded to Autonomic function tests by increased BP and HR from baseline. The absolute BP values and change in BP from baseline were significantly higher in the left than right handers both during and after the tests. HR values showed significant differences in peak values during both the tests. Visual analog score was similar during CPT in both groups. Conclusion: The HR and BP responses to autonomic stressor tests are higher in the left handers than right handers supports the fact that the right hemisphere has more influence on sympathetic activity of heart.

Chinese version of the stressor scale for emergency nurse: assessment of reliability and validity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To translate the Stressor Scale for Emergency Nurse (SSEN), and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version.Methods:According to the Brislin model to translate and back-translate the orginal English version, the Chinese version of the scale was determined after cross-cultural adaptation and pretesting. From October 2021 to January 2022, 401 emergency nurses in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected for a questionnaire survey to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese scale.Results:The Chinese version of the SSEN retains 27 items, 4 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the factor cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.463%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ2/ df=2.280, comparative fitness index=0.933, Tucker-Lewis index=0.924, incremental fit index=0.933, root mean square of approximate residual=0.079, all within the acceptable range. The item-level content validity index of the Chinese SSEN was 0.80-1.00; the scale-level content validity index was 0.97; it was positively correlated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory manual, and the correlation coefficient was 0.456 ( P<0.001); the Cronbach α coefficient of the total table was 0.971, the split-half reliability was 0.877, and the test-retest reliability was 0.958. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the SSEN has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to investgate the occupattional stressors for emergency nurses in the context of Chinese culture.

Assessment of Occupational Stress among High School Teachers of Ahmedabad City, India

Background: Apart from teaching, school teachers are involved in much of the school related work which may eventually affect their psychological wellbeing. It is important to know the psychological impacts of such work related stress among school teachers. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of variables of the occupation stress among high school teachers using scale; To find out association between the selected personal variables with different component of occupational stress as defined in The School Teachers Job Stressor Scale-STJSS; Methods: STJSS was used as a tool for data collection. The sample size was calculated and the data were analyses for components of occupational stress by selecting 36 school teachers from each zone. Statistical analysis was done using proportions, Kurtosis-Skewness and Chi-square test. Results: Among a total of 218 school teachers, Male teachers had significantly higher proportions of anxiety (72.72%) and depression (76.66%) than female counterparts. On the other hand, female teachers (38.88%) were more likely to feel “additional work-load” than the males (21.09%). Depression was more common in overweight (18.51%) and obese (23.07%) participants. Conclusion: Demographic variables like age and gender had significant associations with occupational stressors among the school teachers. The need of psychological improvements among school teachers should be the area of focus including school health.

Suicide attempt, impulsivity, and exposure to trauma in college students

Objectives: Past suicide attempt (SA) is one of the most important risk factors for suicide death. An ideation-to-action framework posits that impulsivity, potentially traumatic events, and mental disorders also play a role in increasing suicide risk. This study aimed to assess the association between trait impulsivity, lifetime exposure to trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with SA in a sample of Brazilian college students. Methods: A total of 2,137 participants filled self-reported questionnaires consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Trauma History Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian version, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be interpreted as exerting a distal effect on SA, even in the presence of other variables - such as trauma history, psychological neglect, and PTSD - which also increase the odds of SA. High and medium levels of impulsivity, history of trauma, and PTSD increased the likelihood of SA. Conclusions: Intervention strategies to prevent SA may target trait impulsivity and exposure to traumatic experiences.

The mediating effect of perceived professional benefits between job stressor and humanistic practice ability in midwives / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship and mechanism among job stressors, perceived professional benefits and humanistic practice ability in midwives, so as to provide reference for the training and management of midwives.Methods:Used the convenient sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional survey on 216 midwives in 6 comprehensive or specialized hospitals in Zhejiang Province by using Stressor Scale, Perceived Professional Benefits Questionnaire and Humanistic Practice Ability Scale from May to September 2020. The mediating effect was analyzed on the basis of the current situation analysis and correlation analysis.Results:The total scores of humanistic practice ability, job stressors and perceived professional benefits of midwives were (102.13 ± 25.91), (72.77 ± 14.49) and (138.23 ± 18.71) respectively. The job stressors of midwives were negatively correlated with humanistic practice ability ( r=-0.206, P<0.01), perceived professional benefits were positively related to humanistic practice ability ( r=0.289, P<0.001) and were negatively correlated with job stressors ( r=-0.507, P<0.001). Perceived professional benefits played a major mediating role in the influence of stressors on humanistic practice ability (the total standardized effect was -0.233, and the indirect effect was -0.144). Conclusions:Perceived professional benefits act as a main mediator between job stressors and humanistic practice ability in midwives. Managers should reduce job stressors, enhance perceived professional benefits, and promote the formation, development and practice of humanistic practice ability of midwives.

Burnout and Stressor Related Factors among Nurses Caring For Children in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

@#Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of burnout and correlation between burnout score and stressor domain score and to determine the association between sociodemographic and occupational related factors with overall burnout among nurses caring for children in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using bilingual validated questionnaire; the General Stressor Questionnaire (GSQ) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) conducted among nurses providing medical service for children in Hospital USM particularly in wards and clinics. All 159 eligible nurses were recruited and 157 completed questionnaires were analysed. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to study the correlation while simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regressions were applied to study the association. Results: The prevalence of burnout among nurses caring for children in Hospital USM was 28.7% (95% CI = 21.6, 35.7) with the majority of them experienced personal burnout (49.7%, 95% CI = 41.9, 57.5). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between different stressor domain score with overall burnout score with p-value < 0.05. Work placement and bureaucratic constraints were identified as the main contributory factor leading to overall burnout. Conclusion: Burnout among nurses providing medical services for children in Hospital USM is of concern especially involving personal burnout. The main stressor related factors of burnout were work placement and bureaucratic constraints. Therefore, burnout among nurses providing care for children must be addressed in order to enhance their psychological well-being.

Actitudes ante la muerte en cirujanos e internistas

RESUMEN Introducción: La muerte en el contexto hospitalario, es un estresor crítico que para el médico en su asistencia es parte del rol profesional, lo cual produce diferentes actitudes de afrontamiento. Objetivo: Comparar las actitudes ante la muerte en médicos cirujanos e internistas de un hospital clínico quirúrgico. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, realizada en agosto del 2019, en una muestra intencional de 30 cirujanos y 33 internistas. Se empleó el Cuestionario de Actitudes ante la Muerte - 2, compuesto por 32 ítems distribuidos en 6 subescalas. Resultados: Hubo desacuerdos con tener actitudes religiosas tanto en cirujanos como en internistas. No se manifestaron actitudes de ansiedad ante la muerte ni actitudes proeutanasia. Se identificaron posiciones no definidas con relación a las actitudes de distanciamiento profesional. Se mostró ambigüedad con respecto a las actitudes de vulnerabilidad afectiva y de evasión ante la muerte. No hubo asociación entre la edad y la experiencia profesional con respecto a las actitudes caracterizadas. Conclusiones: Las actitudes ante la muerte entre internistas y cirujanos se caracterizaron por ser predominantemente homogéneas. No se halla ningún tipo de relación entre las variables sociodemográficas edad y experiencia laboral, con respecto a las actitudes ante la muerte.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Death in the hospital context is a critical stressor; for the doctor in his care, is part of the professional role, producing different coping attitudes. Objective: To compare the attitudes to death in surgeons and internists of clinical-surgical hospital. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research conducted in August 2019, in an intentional sample of 30 surgeons and 33 internists. The Attitudes to Death Questionnare-2 was used, composed of 32 items distributed in 6 subscales. Results: There were disagreements with having religious attitudes both surgeons and internists. There were no anxiety attitudes towards death as well as pro-euthanasia attitudes. Undefined positions were identified in relation to professional distancing attitudes. There was ambiguity regarding attitudes of affective vulnerability and evasion before death. There was no association between age and professional experience with respect to the attitudes characterized. Conclusions: The attitudes to death between surgeons and internists were characterized by being predominantly homogeneous. No type of relationship was found between the sociodemographic variables age and work experience with respect to attitudes towards death.

Identidad profesional, incidentes críticos y estrategias de afrontamiento en el profesorado de matronería / Professional identity, critical incidents and coping strategies in Matronería professors / Identidade profissional, incidentes críticos e estratégias de enfrentamento no corpo docente de obstetrícia

RESUMEN Introducción La identidad profesional docente está conformada por las dimensiones cognitiva, psicomotriz y afectiva que surgen de la enseñanza. Los incidentes críticos en escenarios universitarios permiten un cambio radical de estas representaciones cuando la reflexión es la estrategia de afrontamiento. Nuestro estudio aporta nuevos conocimientos a la docencia de matronería. Objetivos Establecer la relación entre las dimensiones identitarias del profesorado de matronería con las estrategias de afrontamiento ante incidentes críticos en contextos educativos, así como identificar las estrategias utilizadas por el grupo de docentes para cada incidente crítico. Método Estudio transversal y correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 231 docentes de 21 universidades chilenas. Se aplicó el cuestionario Identidad profesional de matronas/es docentes y estrategias de afrontamiento ante incidentes críticos. Las pruebas estadísticas fueron de tipo descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados Se obtuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las dimensiones identitarias y las estrategias de afrontamiento ante sucesos inesperados. Los abordajes reflexivos fueron determinantes en el cuerpo académico en estudio. Discusión y Conclusiones Los componentes identitarios varían en función del tipo de afrontamiento de cada participante. La posición académica de investigación de la dimensión cognitiva denota mayor preocupación por su desarrollo incipiente. La postura reflexiva prepondera en el grupo de docentes; no obstante, los incidentes críticos son resueltos de manera temporal, con la posibilidad de reproducirse nuevamente. Este estudio sustenta la necesidad de ofrecer programas de manejo de incidentes críticos en escenarios educativos y en metodologías de investigación que permitan una reconceptualización del ser docente universitario.

ABSTRACT Introduction The teaching professional identity is constituted by the cognitive, psicomotor, and affective dimensions which arise from the activity. Critical incidents in university scenarios can allow radical changes in these representations when reflection is the coping strategy. Our study adds new knowledge to midwifery teaching. Objectives To establish the relationships among the dimension of professional identity of midwifery teachers and the related coping strategies towards critical incidents in the context of education, as well as to determine those strategies used by teachers for each critical incident. Method This is a transversal and correlational study with probabilistic and by-convenience sampling with 231 teachers of 21 Chilean universities. The Professional identity of midwifery teachers and coping strategies towards critical incidents questionnaire was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results A significant statistical relationship was found between the professional identity dimensions and the coping strategies towards unexpected incidents. Reflexive approaches were determinant among the teachers of this study. Discussion and conclusions The components of identity vary as a function of the coping approach. The academic position of research on the cognitive dimension reflects the greatest concern due to its incipient state. The reflexive posture is prevalent among the teachers of this study; nevertheless, critical incidents are addressed only in a temporary form. Therefore, in this study, we suggest the need to offer programs on the management of critical incidents in education contexts, as well as research methodologies that can allow a reconceptualization of the university teacher.

RESUMO Introdução A identidade profissional docente é constituída pelas dimensões cognitiva, psicomotora e afetiva que surgem da docência. Os incidentes críticos em ambientes universitários permitem uma mudança radical nessas representações quando a reflexão é a estratégia de enfrentamento. Nosso estudo traz novos conhecimentos para o ensino da obstetrícia. Objetivos Estabelecer a relação entre as dimensões identitárias dos professores de obstetrícia e as estratégias de enfrentamento dos incidentes críticos em contextos educacionais, bem como determinar as referidas estratégias utilizadas pelo grupo de docentes para cada incidente crítico. Método Estudo transversal e correlacional, amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Participaram 231 professores de 21 universidades chilenas. Foi aplicado o questionário Identidade profissional de parteiras/os professores e estratégias de enfrentamento diante de incidentes críticos. Foram utilizados testes estatísticos descritivos e inferenciais. Resultados Foi obtida uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre as dimensões de identidade e as estratégias de enfrentamento diante de eventos inesperados. As abordagens reflexivas foram determinantes no corpo acadêmico em estudo. Discussão e Conclusões Os componentes identitários variam dependendo do tipo de enfrentamento de cada participante. A posição de pesquisador acadêmico da dimensão cognitiva denota maior preocupação com seu desenvolvimento incipiente. A posição reflexiva prevalece no grupo de professores; no entanto, os incidentes críticos são resolvidos temporariamente, com possibilidade de uma outra reprodução. Este estudo sustenta a necessidade de oferecer programas de gerenciamento de incidentes críticos em cenários educacionais e em metodologias de pesquisa que permitam uma reconceituação do ser professor universitário.

Impact of psychological distress due to COVID-19 pandemic on spouse interpersonal relationships

Background: The novel virus, COVID-19, has proven to be a stressor on many levels due to factors like health, economic disruptions, lockdown, and stay-at-home orders. However, one of the significant stressors has been on relationships, primarily the intimate ones, like between spouses. To investigate the correlation between psychological distress and quality of spouse interpersonal relationships. Methodology: The mixed research design (i.e., qualitative and quantitative methods) was employed on 119 participants between 22-62 years of age, followed by a semi-structural interview of 12 participants, all through virtual snowball mode due to the COVID-19 scenario. Socio-demographic profile, psychological distress scale, and the quality of spouse interpersonal relationships scale and a semi-structural interview schedule were used for data collection. Results: The present study shows that psychological distress is negatively correlated with certain aspects like conflict, criticism, resentment, pressure, dominance, relative power, and exclusion of the quality of spouse interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed with affection, emotional support, reliable alliance, satisfaction, companionship, and approval aspects of the quality of spouse interpersonal relationships. Qualitative results shows that argument with each other, disagreement, point out faults, pressurization for intimation, and violence with partner are some of the most prominent negative effects in their present life while developed understanding to each other, sense of trust, feel good, received love and affection, care for each other, emotional support, help in other household errands, and take care of children and parents are some of the positive aspects seen instead of the psychological distress perceived during this pandemic. Conclusions: COVID-19 has had considerable effects on spousal interpersonal relationships and needs further study

Changes in Symptoms and Severity of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescent Patients following the Covid-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The need to stay at home and follow the rules of personal hygiene for protection are generally stimuli that can increase the anxiety of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients during covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine how this situation has changed the disorder severity and symptoms in OCD patients. This multi-centre study included 73 OCD patients aged 7-17 years, who had been followed up for at least 8 weeks before the pandemic. The range and severity of symptoms were evaluated with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYB-OCS). The disorder severity scores evaluated in the 8th week of treatment were compared with disorder severity scores after the pandemic, and a statistically significant difference was determined (p=0.04). There was seen to be an increase in contamination, ilness and sexual obsessions after the pandemic compared to the 8th week of treatment. The study results showed that pandemic-origin stress had a negative effect on young OCD patients. There should be advance planning of how treatment processes will not be interrupted and how children with mental health problems can be helped in times of stress, such as natural disaster and pandemics, which affect the whole population and therefore, children

Estrés Académico en Alumnos Ingresantes a la Carrera de Odontología en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina / Academic Stress of Freshmen Students at the Faculty of Dentistry Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina

RESUMEN: El estrés es un estado de inestabilidad y angustia emocional que dificulta la capacidad para concentrarse y funcionar eficazmente de forma rutinaria. En el ámbito de la educación, el estrés académico cuenta con tres dimensiones: estresores, reacciones sobre la salud en general y los reguladores del estrés. Varios estudios han señalado que los estudiantes de carreras de la salud pueden estar expuestos a niveles de estrés más elevados que la población en general. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el estrés académico autopercibido en alumnos ingresantes a la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Córdoba, Argentina). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, donde la muestra estuvo conformada por 291 estudiantes. La información se recolectó a través del cuestionario autoadministrado Inventario Sisco del Estrés Académico (Barraza Macías, 2007a,b). El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo empleando baremos específicos, y para la asociación entre variables se utilizaron las pruebas de Pearson y Anova, fijando el nivel de significación estadística en p<0,05. Una mayoría significativa de los alumnos (98,3 %) presentó estrés académico, con un 88,81 % de los participantes inclinándose por las categorías de intensidad más altas de estrés. Se identificó una muy significativa correlación entre las dimensiones Estresores y Reacciones (p<0,001) y entre Estresores y Estrategias (p= 0,034). La identificación de estrés académico, su caracterización y la prevención respecto a la potencial instalación de hábitos o empleo de medicamentos en muchos casos insalubres, permitirá desarrollar estrategias que favorezcan a los estudiantes el poder hacer frente a las situaciones que el nuevo entorno demanda.

ABSTRACT: Stress is a state of instability and emotional anguish that complicates the ability to focus and function effectively on a routine basis. In educational science, it is called academic stress encompassing three dimensions: stressors, general health reactions, and stress regulators. Several studies have indicated that health career students may be exposed to higher stress levels than the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-perceived academic stress in freshmen students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (Cordoba, Argentina). A descriptive study was carried out, where the sample consisted of 291 students. The information was collected through the self-administered questionnaire Sisco Inventory of Academic Stress (Barraza Macias, 2007). Data analysis was carried out using specific scales, and for the association between variables, Pearson and Anova tests were used, setting the level of a statistical significance at p<0.05. A significant majority of the students (98.3 %) presented academic stress, with 88.81 % of participants leaning towards the highest intensity categories of stress. A very significant correlation was identified between the Stressors and Reactions dimensions (p<0.001) and between Stressors and Strategies (p=0.034). The identification of academic stress, its characterization and prevention of potential habits or use of medication often considered unhealthy, will promote the development of strategies for students, in order to better face situations encountered in the new environment.

Analysis of Stressors among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Teaching Medical Institution of South India

Introduction: Medical students experience considerableamount of stress related to various domains such as academicrelated, social related, interpersonal related etc. It is importantto look for the levels of stressors among medical students andintervene at appropriate time in order to improve the qualityof medical professionals.Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conductedamongst undergraduate medical students by providing astructured Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ20) to assess the stressors. Stresses related to academic related,social related, interpersonal related data were statisticallyanalyzed.Results: This study included 136 students (73% females and27% males). The mean age and BMI of the participants were21.24 ±1.74 years and 21.7 ± 3.3 kg/m2 respectively. This studyshowed that medical students experience moderate levels ofstress in all the domains of stress and a significant increase isnoted in academic related stress (ARS) than other domains (pvalue <0.0001) followed by group activities related stress andsocial related stress.Conclusion: ARS is acting as a major stress factor amongall the stress domains in medical students of this studypopulation. Appropriate measures should be taken to promotethe physical and mental well-being of medical students andthereby ensuring academic excellence and good qualitymedical professionals.

Sources of stress among first-year medical students

Background: The extremely demanding environment of medical education puts medical students under tremendous pressure. During the initial years of training, causes of stress are mainly related to academic and emotional factors, while in later years patient care and physical factors are more remarkable. Objectives: The current study was conducted with an aim to find out the major sources of stress among 1st year medical students. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1st year students of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College, Srinagar for a period of 3 months. Medical student stressor questionnaire which has good psychometric properties was used to evaluate the major stressors. The questionnaire has 40 items representing the six stressor domains, each based on a common underlying theme. Results: Academic related stressors were identified as a source of stress by nearly two-thirds of the students (63.95%) followed by teaching and learning related stressors (43.02%) and inter/intra-personal related stressors (32.55%). Conclusion: Our study found a high prevalence of stress among 1st year medical students and academic related stressors were identified as the major contributors of overall stress.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Study of surgical residents' stressors and job burnout / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the current situation of stressors and job burnout among surgical residents and to explore the influencing factors,so as to provide evidences for reducing stress and relieving job burnout.Methods The stressor scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate the stress and burnout of 145 residents who attended the standardized training of surgical residents in Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2016 to June 2019,to understand the existence of stress and job burnout in surgical residents,and analyze the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of burnout.There were 132 males and 13 females,who were (26.62 ± 1.45) years old,ranged from 22 to 30 years.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean ± SD Counting data were expressed by frequency and constituent ratio.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of job burnout.Results The total score of surgical resident stress was 2.51 ±0.57.The scores of social factors and workload were higher in each dimension 3.02 ± 0.58 and 3.00 ± 0.62,respectively.The burnout survey showed that 7 residents (4.8％) had severe burnout.In the dimension of emotional exhaustion,there were 14 residents with severe burnout.In the dimension of cynicism,there were 21 residents (14.5％) had severe burnout.In the dimension of reduced personal accomplishment,there were 19 residents (13.1％) of mild burnout and 17 residents (11.7％) of severe burnout.Further analysis of the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of burnout showed that most of them were positively linear correlated.In particular,emotional exhaustion and workload (r =0.411,P ＜ 0.05),reduced personal accomplishment and social factors (r =0.429,P ＜ 0.05) had a relatively large correlation coefficient.Conclusions The stress and burnout of surgical residents were at a high level.In order to reduce the stress and relieve the burnout,it is necessary to strengthen the residents' self-management and improve the social support system.

Study of surgical residents′ stressors and job burnout / 国际外科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the current situation of stressors and job burnout among surgical residents and to explore the influencing factors, so as to provide evidences for reducing stress and relieving job burnout.@*Methods@#The stressor scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate the stress and burnout of 145 residents who attended the standardized training of surgical residents in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2016 to June 2019, to understand the existence of stress and job burnout in surgical residents, and analyze the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of burnout. There were 132 males and 13 females, who were (26.62±1.45) years old, ranged from 22 to 30 years. SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD Counting data were expressed by frequency and constituent ratio. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of job burnout.@*Results@#The total score of surgical resident stress was 2.51±0.57. The scores of social factors and workload were higher in each dimension 3.02±0.58 and 3.00±0.62, respectively. The burnout survey showed that 7 residents (4.8%) had severe burnout. In the dimension of emotional exhaustion, there were 14 residents with severe burnout. In the dimension of cynicism, there were 21 residents (14.5%) had severe burnout. In the dimension of reduced personal accomplishment, there were 19 residents (13.1%) of mild burnout and 17 residents (11.7%) of severe burnout. Further analysis of the linear correlation between each dimension of stressors and each dimension of burnout showed that most of them were positively linear correlated. In particular, emotional exhaustion and workload (r=0.411, P<0.05), reduced personal accomplishment and social factors (r=0.429, P<0.05) had a relatively large correlation coefficient.@*Conclusions@#The stress and burnout of surgical residents were at a high level. In order to reduce the stress and relieve the burnout, it is necessary to strengthen the residents′ self-management and improve the social support system.

Impact of occupational stressors on the career plateau among anesthesiologists / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To examine the current situation of the career plateau among anesthesiologists and analyze the impact of occupational stressors on it. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on the anesthesiologists. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 278 questionnaires were effectively collected. Statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 was performed to assess the status quo of career plateau among anesthesiologists. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the influence of occupational stressors on career plateau . Results The average value of occupational stressors among anesthesiologists was (3.22±0.55), and the average value of career plateau was (3.90±0.70). Occupational interest in the occupational stressors of anesthesiologists is negatively correlated with the occupational plateau (r=-0.552, P<0.01), and career development is negatively correlated with occupational plateau (r=-0.541, P<0.01) as well. Both occupational interest and career development show a negative predictive effect on the career plateau (β=-0.359, P<0.01 andβ=-0.334, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion Career plateau among anesthesiologists is at a medium-to-high level. Occupational interest and occupational development in occupational stressors have a negative predictive effect on occupational plateaus, so hospital managers should pay attention to them.

Associations between Weight Teasing by Peers, Self Esteem, and Academic Related Stressors with Body Weight Status among Adolescents in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Growing evidence highlighting the physical health risks linked with adolescent obesity and yet little is known on the role of psychosocial factors on the body weight status of adolescents. A cross sectional study was conducted to ascertain the associations between psychosocial factors (operationalised as weight teasing by peers, self-esteem and academic related stressor) with body weight status of adolescents in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 455 adolescents aged 13-16 years (50.3% male and 49.7% female) were recruited from five randomly selected schools through a multistage cluster sampling. Body weight and height were assessed and body mass index (BMI) was computed. Weight teasing by peers, self-esteem and academic related stressor were assessed using self-administered questionnaire of Perception of Teasing Scale (POTS), Rosenberg Self esteem Scale (RSE) and Secondary School Stressor (SSS) respectively. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 17.1% and 12.2%. Binary logistic regression revealed that adolescents who experienced weight teasing by their peers had 12 times higher odds to be overweight and obese. However, low self-esteem and high academic stressor were associated with a reduction in the likelihood of being overweight and obese. This rather contradictory results may be due to various factors that may affect the adolescents’ self-esteem and academic related stressor. Conclusion: Intervention programmes need to consider the peer environment of adolescents, increasing awareness on the effect of weight teasing by peers and further well designed study is crucial to stimulate the central understanding of psychosocial correlates to the adolescent obesity.

Estresores parentales en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos / Parental stressors in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hospitalización de un hijo es una situación que produce un alto nivel de estrés en padres/madres, especialmente en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP). OBJETIVO: Determinar cuáles son los principales estresores percibidos por los padres/madres de niños/as en UCIP y qué variables se asocian. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, trasversal y correlacional, contempla el análisis secundario de datos del proyecto de Investigación Docente Asistencial # 201403 de Escuela de Enfermería UC: Validación de "The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization al español" (PSSIH modificado). El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, con 217 padres de niños/as en la UCIP de un hospital universitario, quienes contestaron un cuestionario demográfico y el instrumento PSSIH modificado para medir estresores en el ambiente de la UCIP. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3 dimensiones de estresores: Clínica, Emocional y Comunicación con el equipo profesional. La dimensión clínica fue la más estresante, con los factores imágenes o sonidos, procedimientos e intervenciones y el aspecto del hijo, las dimensiones relacionadas con la conducta y la comunicación con el equipo resultaron menos estresantes. Además, se asocian a una mayor percepción de estrés para las distintas dimensiones, tener: experiencias previas en UCIP, ingreso programado, ingreso por patología cardiaca, hijo único, mayor nivel educacional y no tener pareja. CONCLUSIONES: El instrumento PSSIH modificado permitió determinar principales estresores percibidos por los padres/ madres de niños/as en UCIP, siendo la dimensión Clínica, el mayor estresor. Estos resultados son útiles para desarrollar programas de intervención local según características particulares de las UCIP.

INTRODUCTION: The hospitalization of a child is a situation that produces a high level of stress on parents, especially at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). OBJECTIVE: To determine which are the main stressors perceived by the parents of children hospitalized at PICU and the associated variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study, which considers the secondary analysis of data from the IDA project # 201403 of UC School of Nursing: Validation of "The parental stressor scale infant hospitalization in Spanish" (PSSIH modified). Sampling was non probabilistic by convenience, with 217 parents of children at the PICU of a University hospital, who answered a demographic questionnaire and the modified PSSIH instrument to measure stressors in the PICU environment. RESULTS: Three dimensions of stressors were identified: Clinical, Emotional and Communication with the professional team. The clinical dimension was the most stressful, with the factors images or sounds, procedures and interventions and the aspect of the child, dimensions related to behavior and communication with the team were less stressful. In addition, it is associated with a greater perception of stress in the different dimensions, when having: previous experiences in PICU, programmed admission, admission due tocardiac pathology, single child, higher educational level and no partner. CONCLUSIONS: The modified PSSIH instrument made it possible to determine the main stressors perceived by the parents of children in the PICU, the Clinical dimension being the major stressor. These results are useful for developing local intervention programs according to the particular characteristics of the PICU.

Splenic implant preservation after conservation in lactated Ringer´s solution / Preservação de implante esplênico autógeno após conservação em solução de Ringer-lactato

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the morphology and function of autogenous splenic tissue implanted in the greater omentum, 24 hours after storage in Ringer-lactate solution. Methods: we divided 35 male rats into seven groups (n=5): Group 1: no splenectomy; Group 2: total splenectomy without implant; Group 3: total splenectomy and immediate autogenous implant; Group 4: total splenectomy, preservation of the spleen in Ringer-lactate at room temperature, then sliced ​​and implanted; Group 5: total splenectomy, ​​spleen sliced and preserved in Ringer-lactate at room temperature before implantation; Group 6: total splenectomy with preservation of the spleen in Ringer-lactate at 4°C and then sliced ​​and implanted; Group 7: total splenectomy and the spleen sliced for preservation in Ringer-lactate at 4°C before implantation. After 90 days, we performed scintigraphic studies with Tc99m-colloidal tin (liver, lung, spleen or implant and clot), haematological exams (erythrogram, leucometry, platelets), biochemical dosages (protein electrophoresis) and anatomopathological studies. Results: regeneration of autogenous splenic implants occurred in the animals of the groups with preservation of the spleen at 4ºC. The uptake of colloidal tin was higher in groups 1, 3, 6 and 7 compared with the others. There was no difference in hematimetric values ​​in the seven groups. Protein electrophoresis showed a decrease in the gamma fraction in the group of splenectomized animals in relation to the operated groups. Conclusion: the splenic tissue preserved in Ringer-lactate solution at 4ºC maintains its morphological structure and allows functional recovery after being implanted on the greater omentum.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar morfologia e função de tecido esplênico autógeno, implantado no omento maior, 24 horas após conservação em solução de Ringer-lactato. Métodos: foram estudados 35 ratos machos, distribuídos em sete grupos (n=5): Grupo 1: sem esplenectomia; Grupo 2: esplenectomia total sem implante; Grupo 3: esplenectomia total e implante autógeno imediato; Grupo 4: esplenectomia total, preservação do baço em Ringer-lactato à temperatura ambiente, em seguida, fatiado e implantado; Grupo 5: esplenectomia total, baço fatiado e preservado em Ringer-lactato à temperatura ambiente antes de ser implantado; Grupo 6: esplenectomia total com preservação do baço em Ringer-lactato a 4°C e, em seguida, fatiado e implantado; Grupo 7: esplenectomia total e baço fatiado, para preservação em Ringer-lactato a 4°C antes de ser implantado. Após 90 dias, realizaram-se estudos cintilográficos com estanho coloidal-Tc99m (fígado, pulmão, baço ou implante e coágulo), hematológicos (eritrograma, leucometria, plaquetas), bioquímicos (eletroforese de proteínas) e anatomopatológicos. Resultados: ocorreu regeneração dos implantes esplênicos autógenos nos animais dos grupos com preservação do baço a 4ºC. A captação de estanho coloidal foi superior nos grupos 1, 3, 6 e 7 em relação aos demais. Não houve diferença nos valores hematimétricos nos sete grupos. A eletroforese de proteínas mostrou diminuição da fração gama no grupo de animais esplenectomizados em relação aos grupos operados. Conclusão: o tecido esplênico conservado em solução de Ringer-lactato à temperatura de 4ºC mantém sua estrutura morfológica e permite a recuperação funcional após ser implantado sobre o omento maior.