RESUMO
1, 2-Bis (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazine (3) and its precursor (2) were screened for its antimicrobial properties, namely, antifungal activity against Aspergilus niger and Alternaria aletrnata and antibacterial activity against Bacillus substalis and Xanthomonas campstris at different concentrations (0.5 % and 1%). The antimicrobial result exhibits the promising biological activity.
RESUMO
We attempted to analyze the mechanism of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) -induced neurotoxicity and identify the target molecules in the neuronal cells for PCBs. Since the developing neuron is particularly sensitive to PCB-induced neurotoxicity, we isolated cerebellar granule cells derived from 7-day old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and grew cells in culture for additional 7 days to mimic PND-14 conditions. Only non-coplanar PCBs at a high dose showed a significant increase of total protein kinase C (PKC) activity at phobol 12, 13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding assay, indicating that non-coplanar PCBs are more neuroactive than coplanar PCBs in neuronal cells. PKC isozymes were immunoblotted with the selected monoclonal antibodies. PKC-alpha, delta, and epsilon were activated with non-coplanar PCB exposure. Receptor for activated C kinase-1 (RACK-1), anchoring protein for activated PKC, was more induced with exposure to coplanar PCBs than non-coplanar PCBs. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis showed induction of neurogranin (RC-3) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) mRNA with non-coplanar PCBs. The results indicate that these factors may be useful biomarkers for differentiating non-coplanar PCBs from coplanar PCBs. The present study demonstrated that non-coplanar PCBs are more neuroactive congeners than coplanar PCBs.