Novel understanding of "acupuncture being for reducing rather than reinforcing": an analysis based on perspective and position / 中国针灸

"Acupuncture being for reducing rather than reinforcing" is originated from the description in

Métodos, modelos y evaluación en la autopsia psicológica: Una revisión bibliográfica en Iberoamérica / Methods, models and evaluation in the psychological autopsy: a bibliographic revision in Ibero-America / Métodos, modelos e avaliação na autópsia psicológica: uma revisão bibliográfica em Ibero-América

Resumen La Autopsia Psicológica (AP) es una técnica de evaluación retrospectiva útil en el campo clínico-forense que desde sus inicios de aplicación ha sido utilizada para reconstruir el perfil psicológico y el estado mental de personas fallecidas, permitiendo, además, aclarar la causa o circunstancia de una muerte, pero que, a pesar de la diversidad de instrumentos utilizados, hoy en día sigue presentando algunos vacíos metodológicos y no cuenta con una herramienta estandarizada que facilite su utilización. Es por ello que, a través de un estudio de diseño teórico, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para analizar la literatura existente en Iberoamérica, mediante las siguientes categorías: métodos de aplicación y de estudio, modelos y evaluación. Con ellas se logró identificar 37 artículos seleccionados de siete bases de datos científicas que muestran los resultados de estudios desarrollados durante el periodo 2001-2017. Se evidencian como hallazgos significativos una mayor producción de investigación teórica, orientadas a definir y clarificar el objetivo y proceso de aplicación de la AP y la implementación de entrevistas semiestructuradas como principal medio de recolección de información. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de generar investigaciones centradas en la validación de instrumentos de AP que permitan consolidar su carácter científico.

Abstract The Psychological Autopsy (PA) is a retrospective evaluation technique useful in the clinical forensic field that since its beginning of application has been used to reconstruct the psychologic profile and the mental status of deceased people, allowing, furthermore, to clarify the cause or circumstance of a death, but that, despite the diversity of instruments used, today it still presents some methodological lacks and does not count on a standardized tool that facilitates its use. That is why, through a study of theoretical design, a bibliographic revision to analyze the existing literature in Ibero-America was performed, by means of the following categories: methods of application and study, models and evaluation. With them one can identify 37 studies selected from seven scientific databases that show the results of studies developed during the 2001-2017 period. As significant findings are evinced a greater production of theoretical investigation, oriented to define and clarify the objective and process of applicationof the PA, and the implementation of semi-structured interviews as main way to collect the information. Finally, one highlights the importance of generate investigations centered in the validation of instruments of PA that allows consolidate its scientific character.

Resumo A Autópsia Psicológica (AP) é uma técnica de avaliação retrospectiva útil no campo clínico-forense que desde os seus inícios de aplicação tem sido utilizada para reconstruir o perfil e o estado mental de pessoas falecidas, permitindo, além disso, aclarar a causa ou circunstância de uma morte, mas que, apesar da diversidade de instrumentos utilizados, hoje em dia segue apresentando alguns vazios metodológicos e não conta com una ferramenta estandardizada que facilite a sua utilização. É por isso que, através de um estudo de projeto teórico, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para analisar a literatura existente em Ibero-América, mediante as seguintes categorias: métodos de aplicação e de estudo, modelos e avaliação. Com elas alcançou-se identificar 37 artigos selecionados de sete bases de dados científicas que mostram os resultados de estudos desenvolvidos durante o período 2001-2017. Evidencia-se como descobertas significativas uma maior produção de investigação teórica, orientada para definir e clarificar o objetivo e proceso de aplicação da AP, e a implementação de entrevistas semiestruturadas como principal meio de recolecção de informação. Finalmente, destaca-se a importância de gerar investigações centradas na validação de instrumentos de AP que permitam consolidar o seu caráter científico.

Técnicas de estudio utilizadas por estudiantes de noveno semestre de una facultad de enfer - mería en una universidad de Bogotá, Colombia / Study techniques used by IX semester students of a school's nursing at Bogotá, Colombia / Técnicas de estudo utilizadas por estudantes de IX semestre do curso de enfermagem em uma universidade de Bogotá, Colombia

[{"text": "Esta es una investigación cualitativa con una perspectiva histórico-hermenéutica que, por medio de la entrevista \r\nno estructurada, buscó identificar las técnicas que usaban los estudiantes de noveno semestre de enfermería de una \r\nuniversidad en Bogotá, Colombia, en el periodo 2011-1, para apropiarse del conocimiento para luego interrelacionarlas \r\ncon las prácticas pedagógicas. Se concluyó que si bien los estudiantes utilizan técnicas de estudio, faltan técnicas que \r\npromuevan la integración de los diferentes procesos en busca del aprendizaje y que es responsabilidad del docente \r\nconocer y manejar diferentes técnicas de estudio para asesorar al educando en su uso de acuerdo con el objetivo de \r\naprendizaje propuesto, lo cual contribuye al desarrollo de las competencias básicas esperadas en el profesional.", "_i": "es"}, {"text": "Qualitative research with a historical hermeneutic \r\napproach, which, through unstructured interviews, aims \r\nto identify the learning techniques of IX semester nursing \r\nstudents at a university in Bogotá, Colombia, during \r\nthe 2011-1 period, in order to correlate those learning \r\ntechniques with teaching practices, to conclude that, \r\nwhile students use study techniques, they lack skills that \r\npromote the integration of different processes in pursuit \r\nof learning, and that it is the teacher's responsibility to \r\nknow and handle different study techniques to direct the \r\nstudent in accordance with the proposed learning objec\r\n-\r\ntive, which contributes to the development of basic skills \r\nexpected in the professional.", "_i": "en"}, {"text": "Investigação diferenciada pelo enfoque qualitativo \r\natravés de uma perspectiva histórica hermenêutica, a \r\nqual, através de uma entrevista não estruturada, buscou \r\nidentificar as técnicas de apropriação de conhecimento \r\nusadas pelos alunos do 5° semestre de enfermagem de \r\numa universidade em Bogotá, Colombia, durante o \r\nperíodo 2011-1, com a finalidade de interrelacioná-las \r\ncom práticas pedagógicas. A conclusão foi que os alunos \r\nutilizam bem as técnicas de estudo, mas faltam técnicas \r\nque promovam a integração dos diferentes processos de \r\naprendizagem. Também concluiu-se que é responsabili\r\n-\r\ndade do professor conhecer e manejar diferentes técnicas \r\nde estudo para assessorar o aluno no uso das mesmas de \r\nacordo com o objetivo de aprendizagem proposto, o qual contribui ao desenvolvimento de competências básicas \r\nesperadas em um profissional.", "_i": "pt"}]

Application of case study method in the comprehensive and designing experiments of the "Nursing Fundamentals" / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the teaching effects of the case study method in the comprehensive and designing experiments. Methods During the teaching process of the "Nursing Fundamentals", we organized students by groups to select medical samples, prepare and carry out experiment plans, as well as held sessions of experiment results reporting and teachers' comments. Results The experimental teaching plans designed by students covered the knowledge from 8 courses and 16 basic nursing operations. Teachers and students were all considering that the application of the case study method into the comprehensive and designing experiments of the "Nursing Fundamentals" had demonstrated the integration of both the teaching contents and the combination of knowledge, capability and quality. The exploration of students' creative thinking was paid attention to, their researching spirit when learning was also cultivated, the sense of professionalism and the awareness of "people-oriented ' nursing were strengthened, and the communication skills and adaptive capabilities were also trained. The teaching atmosphere was obviously activated, and the teaching effects were obviously improved. Conclusions The application of the case study method into the comprehensive and designing experiments enabled the students to well digest and completely understand knowledge from various subjects, as well as enhanced their capabilities of resolving practical problems, and it is also helpful to cultivate the overall quality of the nursing profession.

Influencia de las actividades inmersas en el método de estudio en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad CES / Influence of immersed activities in the study methods on the academic performance of Medicine students at CES University

El presente estudio plantea como objetivo principal describir la relación existente entre las condiciones y actividades que hacen parte del método de estudio de los estudiantes del programa de Medicina de la Universidad CES y el rendimiento académico. Para ello se aplicó un instrumento tipo encuesta a 276 estudiantes donde se preguntó sobre los métodos empleados durante el tiempo de estudio y posteriormente se correlacionó con el rendimiento académico de cada uno de ellos.Se encontró una asociación significativa entre algunos factores como: Mantenerse al día en los estudios, tomar nota durante la clase, identificar fácilmente las ideas principales de lo leído, considerar el tener un buen método de estudio, cumplir las tareas asignadas por el docente, revisar la evaluación antes de ser entregada y conocer los objetivos de la evaluación.Estos hallazgos permitirán proponer estrategias de apoyo y orientación para mejorar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes en el programa de medicina.

The present study plans to describe the existing relationship between the conditions and activities that are part of the study method of the Medicine program students at CES University and their academic performance. For the previous main target a survey-type tool was applied to 276 students, where the methods used during the time of study were asked and it was then correlated with the academic performance of each one of them.A significant association was found between some factors such as: keeping updated on their studies, taking notes during class, easily identifying the main ideas when reading, considering having a good study method, doing homework assigned by teachers, checking the tests befote handing them in and knowing the objectives of the tests.These findings will allow us to recommend support and direction strategies in order to improve the academic performance of the Medicine program students.

Significance of the Case-study Method in Practical Bioethics Education / 医学教育

Clinical cases requiring bioethical thinking and decision-making have become more complex owing to advances in medical technology and changes in family relationships. In addition, members of medical staff are asked to acquire the ability to think in terms of bioethics. For training in such ability, the use of case studies is important and essential. For a medical ethics class we created 30 cases involving communication between patients and physicians, changes in family relationships, and advanced medical technology, such as genetic diagnosis and gene therapy. We asked all second-year medical students of the Osaka University Medical School to think about these 30 cases and answer questionnaires about bioethics. We believe the case-study method is effective for training students in the ability to think in terms of bioethics.