Study on the Medical Device Registration Submission Dossier Requirements in China / 中国医疗器械杂志

The evolution throughout the whole supervision history of Class II/III safety and effectiveness related NMPA submission dossier requirements was studied in this study, meanwhile elaborating the revolution progress of clinical evaluation domestically. The relationship between submission dossier requirements and Essential Principles of Safety and Performance of Medical Devices as well as IMDRF relevant documents was deeply analyzed and illustrated, in order to comprehensively understanding the background and future reform direction of NMPA submission dossier requirements under the background of the government's deepening reform of medical device evaluation and approval system strategy.

Os caminhos do ódio na civilização propostos por Freud e como eles se apresentam no Brasil atual / The paths of hatred in civilization proposed by Freud and how they are currently present in Brazil

Este artigo busca analisar o aspecto mais cruel do fenômeno Bolsonaro, legitimado pela população: a indiferença ao genocídio impetrado à população mais pobre do país, por meio ao descaso do governo em tomar medidas que pudessem atenuar a pandemia. Por meio da análise da desilusão que essa indiferença revelou, tenta-se mostrar as três figuras do ressentimento manifestas no apoio e nas ações do governante: a de um severo supereu moralista; a da psicologia das massas, isto é, do ódio ao diferente, acirrado pelo racismo; e, por fim, da submissão incondicional e auto-sacrifício. Três figuras constituintes da psicologia dos filhos da horda primitiva, descritas por Freud em Visão geral das neuroses de transferência. A questão principal abordada no artigo, no entanto, é a relação da indiferença ao genocídio e o racismo brasileiro, compreendido em sua dimensão estrutural, histórica e atual.

This article seeks to analyze the most cruel aspect of the Bolsonaro phenomenon, legitimized by the population: indifference to genocide imposed on the poorest population in the country, through the government's neglect to take steps that could mitigate the pandemic. Through the analysis of the disillusion that this indifference revealed, we try to show the three figures of resentment manifested in the government's support and actions: a severe moralist superego; the psychology of the masses, that is, the hatred of different, intensified by racism; and, finally, unconditional submission and self-sacrifice. Three constituent figures of the children's psychology on the primitive horde, described by Freud in Overview of transference neuroses. The main issue addressed in the article, however, is the relationship of indifference to genocide and Brazilian racism, understood in its structural, historical and current dimension.

Application of International Medical Device Electronic Registration / 中国医疗器械杂志

The eRPS system for medical device registration of National Medical Products Administration was officially launched on June 24, 2019. This paper focused on the following two aspects of the electronic declaration process of medical device regulatory agencies in the whole world:one is whether the electronic submission format is consistent, the other is whether the electronic submission path is convenient. Suggestions are put forward for the next nationwide implementation of the electronic submission so as to speed up the process of the electronization of medical device evaluation in China.

Uma vida que não vale a pena ser vivida: relações entre submissão e suicídio segundo o pensamento de D. W. Winnicott / A life that is not worth living: relationships between submission and suicide according to the thought of D. W. Winnicott / Una vida que no vale la pena vivir: relaciones entre sumisión y suicidio según el pensamiento de D. W. Winnicott / Une vie qui ne vaut pas la peine d'être vécue: des relations entre la soumission et le suicide selon la pensée de D. W. Winnicott

O pensamento teórico-clínico de D. W. Winnicott traz importantes contribuições para a ampliação da compreensão do suicídio, apontando perspectivas clínicas no tratamento psicanalítico. A partir do conceito de submissão, decorrente do estabelecimento de um falso self patológico, é possível ao analista identificar a vulnerabilidade oculta sob a aparente normalidade. Quando o indivíduo se encontra totalmente dominado por um falso self submisso, vivendo num estado de adaptabilidade e racionalidade constantes, a morte pode vir a representar um último recurso contra a ameaça de aniquilamento. Identificar esse tipo de sofrimento psíquico é fundamental para um manejo clínico que possibilite ao paciente reencontrar algum sentido em sua vida, a partir da possibilidade de se sentir real na relação com o analista. A apresentação de um exemplo clínico tem o objetivo de auxiliar na reflexão sobre o recorte teórico apresentado, criando imagens que introduzam o leitor no universo abstrato dos conceitos.

D. W. Winnicott's theoretical and clinical thinking brings important contributions to the broadening of the understanding of suicide, pointing out clinical perspectives in psychoanalytic treatment. From the concept of submission, resulting from the establishment of a false pathological self, it is possible for the analyst to identify the hidden vulnerability under the apparent normality. When the individual is totally overwhelmed by a submissive false self, living in a state of constant adaptability and rationality, death may be a last resort against the threat of annihilation. Identifying this type of psychological distress is fundamental for a clinical management that enables patients to rediscover some meaning in their lives, based on the possibility of feeling real in their relationship with the analyst. The presentation of a clinical example aims to assist in the reflection on the theoretical framework presented, creating images that introduce the reader into the abstract universe of concepts.

El pensamiento teórico-clínico de D. W. Winnicott hace importantes contribuciones a la ampliación de la comprensión del suicidio, señalando las perspectivas clínicas en el tratamiento psicoanalítico. Desde el concepto de sumisión, resultante del establecimiento de un falso yo patológico, es posible que el analista identifique la vulnerabilidad oculta bajo aparente normalidad. Cuando el individuo está totalmente abrumado por un falso yo sumiso, que vive en un estado de constante adaptabilidad y racionalidad, la muerte puede ser el último recurso contra la amenaza de aniquilación. Identificar este tipo de angustia psicológica es fundamental para un manejo clínico que permita a los pacientes redescubrir algún significado en sus vidas, basado en la posibilidad de sentirse reales en su relación con el analista. La presentación de un ejemplo clínico tiene como objetivo ayudar en la reflexión sobre el marco teórico presentado, creando imágenes que introducen al lector en el universo abstracto de conceptos.

La réflexion théorique clinique de D. W. Winnicott apporte des contributions importantes à l'élargissement de la compréhension du suicide, tout en soulignant les perspectives cliniques dans le traitement psychanalytique. Fondé sur le concept de soumission résultant de l'établissement d'un faux soi pathologique, il est possible pour l'analyste d'identifier la vulnérabilité cachée sous la normalité apparente. Lorsque l'individu est totalement submergé par un faux soi soumis et qu'il vit dans un état permanent d'adaptation et de rationalité, la mort peut devenir un dernier recours contre la menace de l'anéantissement. Identifier ce type de détresse psychologique est fondamental pour un maniement clinique qui permet aux patients de retrouver du sens dans leur vie, en se basant sur la possibilité de se sentir réel dans leur rapport avec l'analyste. La présentation d'un exemple clinique vise à faciliter la réflexion sur le cadre théorique exposé, en créant des images qui introduisent le lecteur dans l'univers abstrait des concepts.

Dominar, submeter-se, libertar-se: Jessica Benjamin e os laços de amor / Domination, submission, freedom: the bonds of love by Jessica Benjamin / Dominar, someterse, liberarse: Jessica Benjamin y los vínculos de amor

Inspirando-se no livro The bonds of love: psychoanalysis, feminism, and the problem of domination, de Jessica Benjamin, este trabalho traz uma análise dos mecanismos de domínio e submissão nos relacionamentos sociais: como se formam e como operam desde os primeiros laços de amor, na relação mãe-filho. A autora discute a necessidade de reconhecimento narcísico, de um lado, e, do outro lado, da necessidade de se autoafirmar e de se libertar da dependência de ser constantemente aprovado pelo olhar alheio. Trata-se de polos opostos que precisam equilibrar-se para não dar origem a relações de domínio e submissão. Um dos instrumentos teóricos básicos da autora é a noção de intersubjetividade, para designar a capacidade e a disponibilidade de uma pessoa para as relações sociais.

This article is a reflection on the problem of domination and submission in relationships: how it may appear and develop in the first love bond between mother and infant. It was inspired by Jessica Benjamin and her book The Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and the Problem of Domination. The author writes about the paradox between two different needs: the need for recognition on one hand, and on the other hand, the need for self-affirmation and the wish to become free from the dependency on the other's approval. The two needs are opposite poles that have to be balanced so that the problem of domination and submission does not become predominant. One of the author's basic theoretical instrument is the concept of intersubjectivity, in order to designate the capacity and the availability of a person for social relationships.

Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre los mecanismos de dominio y sumisión: cómo se forman y operan desde los primeros vínculos de amor, en la relación entre madre e hijo. Y se basó en el libro de Jessica Benjamin The Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and the Problem of Domination. La autora hace un análisis de la necesidad de reconocimiento narcisista, por un lado, y por otro, de autoafirmación y del deseo de liberarse de la dependencia de ser contantemente aprobado por la mirada del otro. Las dos necesidades son polos opuestos que necesitan ser equilibrados para que no se originen relaciones de dominio y subyugación. Uno de los instrumentos teóricos básicos de la autora es la noción de intersubjetividad, para designar la capacidad y la disponibilidad de una persona para las relaciones sociales.

Clinical effect of comprehensive intervention on submission rates of microbiological specimens / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on submission of microbiological specimens before therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents.Methods August 2014 to August 2015 was as preintervention group,comprehensive intervention measures were started to carry out from September 2015,Septem ber 2015 to September 2016 was as post-intervention group.Microbiology specimen submission rates before therapeutic antimicrobial use,positive rate of blood culture,and rate of antimicrobial use in all departments and key departments were compared between pre-intervention group and post-intervention group.Results The submission rates of microbiological specimens before general,restricted,and special therapeutic antimicrobial use increased from 42.21％,45.19％,and 74.71％ of pre-intervention respectively to 53.54％,55.68％,and 89.70％ of postintervrntion respectively,showing significant difference (all P＜0.01);after intervention,except gastrointestinal surgery and trauma department of orthopedics,the other departments all met the requirements of the microbiological specimen submission rates set by the hospital;but submission rates of microbiological specimens from department of gastrointestinal surgery and trauma department of orthopedics increased from 5.46％ and 11.67％ before intervention to 11.66％ and 29.45％ respectively after intervention,difference was statistically significant (both P＜0.001).The missing report rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) dropped from 13.56％ before intervention to 10.98％ (P＜ 0.05),and the use rate of antimicrobial agents decreased from 57.36％ to 54.47％ (P＜0.001).Conclusion Comprehensive intervention measures can effectively improve the submission rates of microbiological specimens before therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents,reduce missing report rates of HAI and utilization rate of antimicrobial agents,and achieve certain clinical effectiveness.

Writing scientific manuscripts: most common mistakes

ABSTRACT I have had the privilege of serving as editor-in-chief for 11 years of two scientific journals: The Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics and the Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. I had the opportunity to read and correct thousands of manuscripts. This experience was greatly enriching, because reading a text professionally completely differs from the perspective of readers in general. The routine practice of correcting manuscripts has made me realize that some errors recur frequently. To help authors to improve their manuscripts before submission, these problems are discussed here in the order that they appear in conventional manuscript sections.

RESUMO Ao longo dos 11 anos em que atuei como editor-chefe de revistas científicas (Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics e Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists), tive a oportunidade de ler e corrigir milhares de manuscritos - manuscrito, no jargão editorial, é o trabalho submetido para publicação ainda não editado e publicado. Essa experiência foi muito enriquecedora, pois a leitura profissional de um texto difere totalmente daquela realizada pelos leitores em geral. O lidar corriqueiro com as correções de manuscritos me fez perceber que alguns erros são muito recorrentes. Eles serão discutidos na ordem das seções apresentadas nos trabalhos, com o objetivo de ajudar os autores a melhorar seus manuscritos antes da submissão.

Checkpoint checklist for ADaM submission package and SAS Macros for package validation / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

FDA clearly provides the rules for drug submission and requires that all the studies which are suitable in electronic format should follow CDISC standard.Due to the detailed contents of submission package,it's always a big challenge to submission institution and staff.It usually costs a lot of time for company or member to complete the validation before submission to FDA.Based on the ADaM submission package,this paper gives a clear picture of validation checkpoint checklist.For every checkpoint,it will see and find the ways to automatically validate through SAS macros or tools.So that it will decrease the manual checking workload,saving the time and shorten the submission period.

On the abuse of online submission systems, fake peer reviews and editor-created accounts / Sobre el abuso de sistemas de presentación en línea, falsos comentarios de pares y cuentas creadas por el editor / Sobre abuso de sistemas de apresentação on-line, falsos comentários de pares e contas criadas pelo editor

ABSTRACT Many journals and publishers employ online submission systems (OSSs) to process manuscripts. In some cases, one "template" format exists, but it is then molded slightly to suit the specific needs of each journal, a decision made by the editor-in-chief or editors. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of cases in which OSSs have been abused, mostly by the authorship, either through the creation of fake identities or the use of false e-mail accounts. Although the abusive or fraudulent authors are at fault in such cases, the fact that such cases remained undetected for so long is of concern. Moreover, the current OSSs are imperfect, have security issues and may not be able to detect false information, except through post-submission verification. Sting operations, which involve the submission of false manuscripts with false identities and false affiliations, are no less unethical, and those who abuse the publishing protocol deserve to be as reprimanded as those who abuse OSSs. Finally, I question the ethics of editors or publishers creating OSS accounts on behalf of reviewers prior to obtaining their explicit permission.

RESÚMEN Muchas revistas y editores emplean sistemas de envío en línea (OSS, por su sigla en inglés) para el procesamiento de manuscritos. En algunos casos, existe un formato único de "plantilla", que luego se moldea ligeramente para adaptarse a las necesidades específicas de cada revista, según la decisión tomada por el editor en jefe o los editores. En los últimos años ha habido un aumento en el número de casos en que los OSS han sido abusados, principalmente por la autoría, ya sea mediante la creación de falsas identidades o el uso de cuentas de correo electrónico falsas. Aunque los autores abusivos o fraudulentos son culpables en tales casos, el hecho de que estos no hayan sido detectados durante tanto tiempo es motivo de preocupación. Además, los OSS actuales son imperfectos, tienen problemas de seguridad y pueden no ser capaces de detectar información falsa, excepto a través de la verificación posterior a la presentación del manuscrito. Las operaciones de relámpago, que implican la presentación de manuscritos falsos con falsas identidades y falsas afiliaciones, no son menos éticas, y quienes abusan del protocolo de publicación merecen ser tan amonestados como aquellos que abusan de los OSS. Finalmente, el autor del artículo cuestiona la ética de los editores o editores que crean cuentas OSS en nombre de los revisores, antes de obtener su permiso explícito.

RESUMO Muitas revistas e editores empregam sistemas de envio on-line (OSS, por sua sigla em inglês) para o processamento de manuscritos. Em alguns casos, há um formulário único de "modelo", que logo é adaptado superficialmente para as necessidades de cada revista, segundo a decisão tomada pelo editor-chefe ou pelos editores. Nos últimos anos, tem ocorrido um aumento no número de casos em que se tem abusado dos OSS, principalmente pela autoria, seja mediante a criação de falsas identidades, seja pelo uso de contas de e-mail falsas. Embora os autores abusadores ou fraudulentos sejam culpados nesses casos, o fato de que isso não tenha sido detectado durante tanto tempo é motivo de preocupação. Além disso, os OSS atuais são imperfeitos, têm problemas de segurança e podem não ser capazes de detectar informação falsa, exceto por meio da conferência posterior à apresentação do manuscrito. As operações relâmpago, que implicam a apresentação de textos falsos com falsas identidades e afiliações não são menos éticas, e os que abusam do protocolo de publicação merecem ser tão punidos quanto aqueles que abusam dos OSS. Finalmente, o autor deste artigo questiona a ética dos editores ou dos editores que criam contas OSS em nome dos pares avaliadores antes de obter sua autorização explícita.

Reasons and countermeasures for duplicate submission of research papers in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Duplicate submission of research papers have many negative effects on authors,hospitals,readers,and journals.Reasons for duplicate submission were analyzed.Through strengthening the propaganda and using information management system,duplicate submission of research papers might be eliminated.

A review of the common technical document (CTD) regulatory dossier for generic drugs in china / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To realize that our product regulatory dossier can be submitted at home and abroad simultaneously, to promote internationalization of generic drugs in our country, and to give some suggestions to improve the CTD regulatory dossier for our generic drugs. METHODS: Researching on the international generic drugs requirements and implementation progress of CTD regulatory dossier, contrasting them in our country, and summarizing the thinking. RESULTS: There are some differences of requirements between our CTD format filing and ICH CTD, and the implement progress of eCTD submissionis slow in our country. CONCLUSION: According to the ICH CTD format, to promote the implementation of our CTD regulatory dossier for generic drugs smoothly and effectively, completing the CTD module format is suggested in our country and the eCTD submitting format is advised.

Autoritarismo del ala de derechas: conceptualización, evaluación y perspectivas a futuro / Right wing authoritarianism: conceptualization, evaluation and future prospects

Uno de los principales conceptos que se ha estudiado en la psicología social y política es el autoritarismo, dado que el mismo es uno de los principales moduladores de las relaciones intergrupales. Si bien se han desarrollado diferentes perspectivas psicológicas para su análisis, la definición del constructo como una covariación de tres conglomerados actitudinales (agresión y sumisión autoritaria y convencionalismo) se mantiene vigente. A partir de esta conceptualización, comenzó a discutirse la evaluación a nivel empírico del constructo, en primer lugar de manera unidimensional y luego la posibilidad de discriminar sus dimensiones. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es desarrollar la propuesta teórica del autoritarismo del ala de derechas, describiendo las tres dimensiones que representan al constructo, presentar su evaluación y discutir los alcances y limitaciones de la misma, así como su influencia desde el punto de vista teórico

One of the main concepts studied in the social and political psychology is authoritarianism because it is a principal modulator of intergroup relations. Despite the development of different psychological perspectives for its analysis, the definition of the authoritarianism as a covariance of three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression and submission and conventionalism) remains in force. From this conceptualization, the empirical assessment of the construct has been discussed, first its unidimensional structure and then the ability to discriminate its dimensions. The main objective of this work is to develop the theoretical proposal of right-wing authoritarianism, to describe the three dimensions of the construct, to present its assessment and to discuss the scope and limits, as well as its influence on a theoretical level

Dimensiones del autoritarismo, centralidad de la religión y orientaciones religiosas: diferencias en el análisis lineal y no lineal de sus relaciones

La centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas han sido estudiadas en sus relaciones con el autoritarismo debido a que dichas expresiones de la religiosidad ofrecen un marco social convencional estable, el cual incluye una serie de pautas que rigen el comportamiento del sujeto autoritario. Sin embargo, estudios previos que analizaron estas relaciones no tuvieron en cuenta el aporte específico de cada una de las dimensiones del autoritarismo. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre las dimensiones del autoritarismo, la centralidad de la religión y las orientaciones religiosas. Participaron 431 estudiantes universitarios, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 35 años, de los cuales el 72,38% eran mujeres. Se observó que las dos dimensiones del autoritarismo se relacionan con la centralidad de la religión, la orientación religiosa intrínseca y extrínseca personal. Se discuten las relaciones entre las dimensiones, así como su análisis lineal y no lineal.

The centrality of religion and the religious orientations have been studied in its relations to authoritarianism because such expressions of religiosity offer a stable conventional social framework. Such framework includes a set of guidelines that govern the behavior of authoritarian subjects. However, previous studies examining these relationships did not take into account the specific contribution of each of the dimensions of authoritarianism. The main objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of authoritarianism, the centrality of religion and religious orientations. 431 college students participated, aged between 20 and 35 years, 72.38% of them were women. It was observed that the two dimensions of authoritarianism are related to centrality of religion, intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation. Relationships between dimensions are discussed as well as their linear and nonlinear analysis.

Research of the clinical application of serum procalcitonin test for sepsis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of serum procalcitonin test for diagnosis of sepsis in Xiamen,aimed at observing the application level for serum procalcitonin by different professional clinicians.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the data from 552 specimens collected at three integrated teaching hospitals in Xiamen from July 2012 to October 2013.Patients of sep-sis with positive culture blood were enrolled in the study.All specimens were divided into four groups according to specimen sources,including ICU group,non-ICU group,medicine systems group and surgery systems group.The blood submission rates for procalcitonin detection by different professional clinicians were compared.Results As compared with the non-ICU group,the ICU group had higher submission rate for procalcitonin detection(P < 0.05 ).Medicine systems group had higher submission rate for procalcitonin detection than surgery systems group(P <0.05).Conclusion There is significant difference between professional cli-nicians in procalcitonin application.Surgery clinicians are poor in accepting procalcitonin for diagnosis of sepsis in Xiamen.

Analysis of Submission Information of Open Access Journal PLoS One / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the introduction and analysis about PLoS One, and its number of published papers, impact fac-tor, publishing period, manuscript employed, publication fee, auditing, requirement for paper etc. , this paper pointed out break the barriers of traditional publishing model from several aspects, create a new way of open access scholarly pub-lishing, promoted the fast communication of scientific research. As the author of China, can choose more PLoS One pub-lished as our scientific research platform, improve our position in the field of scientific research in the world.

Approach to CDISC SDTM Implementation for Clinical Trials Data Submission / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to discuss the ways of converting clinical data entered in the Case Report Form (CRF) to Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) database format in clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Currently, there were three approaches for implementing SDTM, which were the pure SDTM approach, submission-only approach and database-only approach. This article compared and analyzed advantages and disadvantages of three approaches and introduced experiences of the Clinical Evaluation Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences using database-only approach for SDTM implementation. The results showed that pure SDTM approach can maximally embrace SDTM standards. However, the current process and software system should be modified. Therefore, it was time-consuming and expensive. The submission-only approach was the most economic way in the application of SDTM standards. However, the data quality and traceability may not be guaranteed. The database-only approach built the study database based on the SDTM standard by writing transformed program before data entry while the data collection system was not SDTM-compatible. It was concluded that database-only approach for implementation SDTM was a suitable and practical way to TCM clinical research.

Submission Rates of Medication Notebooks in Insurance Pharmacies / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>To reveal the current use of medication notebooks in clinical practice and the differences in submission rates of medication notebooks among patients with different sociodemographic and medical characteristics.<br><b>Methods: </b>We conducted a survey of the submission rates by studying the medication history, from June 19, 2014, to July 3, 2014.<br><b>Results: </b>The overall submission rate of returning patients was 57.1% and the submission rate of patients who visit a single medical institution was significantly lower than patients who visit more than two (55.4% vs. 67.7%, <i>p</i><0.001).  Multivariate logistic regression also indicated significant differences between the single and multiple medical institution visit group (adjusted OR=2.74 [95% CI: 1.93-3.89], <i>p</i><0.001).  Submission rates for patients in their 20, 30, and 50 s who visit a single medical institution were lower than 40%.<br><b>Conclusions: </b>To improve the usefulness of the community pharmacy and increase the submission rate, we need to increase awareness of the importance of medication notebooks among patients who visit a single medical institution.  Additionally, future studies need to focus on factors such as age-related issues that might affect submission rates.

Modelos Explicativos del Uso del Condón en las Relaciones Sexuales de Adolescentes / Explanatory Models of Condom Use in Coital Sex of Adolescents

El presente estudio tuvo como propósitos investigar sistemáticamente los factores actitudinales e interpersonales que inciden en el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales coitales entre estudiantes de bachillerato, así como elaborar modelos estructurales que muestren las interrelaciones y los efectos directos e indirectos de dichos factores sobre la frecuencia del uso del condón. Participaron 527 adolescentes quienes reportaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales alguna vez en la vida. Se usó un cuestionario que mide prácticas sexuales y frecuencia del uso del condón durante los encuentros sexuales, así como 80 preguntas de tipo ordinal divididas en cinco factores: 1) asertividad sexual, 2) sumisión sexual, 3) baja percepción de riesgo sexual, 4) enamoramiento y 5) aceptación del uso del condón. Con el uso de ecuaciones estructurales, se trazaron modelos de trayectorias con los factores obtenidos y la frecuencia de uso de condón. Los modelos estructurales para hombres y para mujeres muestran niveles aceptables de ajuste a los datos así como efectos directos significativos entre todas las variables, específicamente se reporta el efecto directo de las variables de aceptación del uso del condón y asertividad sexual sobre la frecuencia del uso del condón. Estos resultados amplían las posibilidades de explicación e intervención psicosocial sobre la conducta sexual de riesgo entre adolescentes.

The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students and to develop structural models that show the interrelationships and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on frequency of condom use. Participants were 527 adolescents who reported having consensual sex at least once in life. For this matter a questionnaire measuring frequency of sex and condom use during sexual encounters was used, also 80 ordinal questions divided into five factors: 1) sexual assertiveness, 2) sexual submission, 3) low sexual risk perception, 4) infatuation and 5) acceptance of condom use. Using structural equations trajectories and frequency of condom use were drawn. Structural models for men and women show acceptable levels of fitness to the data as well as significant direct effects between all the variables, specifically direct effect of variables acceptance on condom use and sexual assertiveness on the frequency of preservative use. These results extend the possibilities of explanation and psychosocial intervention on sexual risk behavior among adolescents.

Práticas sociais das perversões: modernidade do laço, organização social e dilemas morais / Social practices of perversions: modernity of bonds, social organization and moral dilemmas / Usages sociaux des perversions: modernité du lien, organisation sociale et dilemmes moraux / Usos sociales de las perversiones: modernidad del enlace, organisación social y dilemas morales

Propomos estudar primeiramente certos aspectos do discurso capitalista, aproximando-os dos processos perversos da clínica do sujeito para, em seguida, questionar a dimensão da moral e da construção social. Apoiaremo-nos em algumas pesquisas experimentais sobre a submissão à autoridade, bem como sobre algumas questões postas pela filosofia moral em termos de "dilemas", a fim de avaliar os efeitos de divisão subjetiva. A orientação perversa parece ser aqui um motor essencial, fazendo passar, em nome do Outro, um gozo que não diz seu nome, um gozo desmentido.

Our main purpose here is to study certain aspects of the capitalist discourse and compare them with the processes of perversion observed during clinical investigations of subjects. We then take on the dimension of morality and social construction. Experimental research on submission to authority is used as well as issues raised by moral philosophy concerning "dilemmas," in order to evaluate their effects in terms of division of the subject. The inclination to perversion seems to be an essential driving force that, in the name of the Other, brings about a jouissance that will not say its name, a denied jouissance.

Nous nous proposons d'étudier tout d'abord certains aspects issus du discours capitaliste en les rapprochant des processus pervers issu de la clinique du sujet, pour ensuite questionner la dimension de la morale et de la construction sociale. Nous nous appuierons sur certaines recherches expérimentales portant sur la soumission à l'autorité, ainsi que sur certaines questions posées par la philosophie morale en termes de "dilemmes", afin d'en mesurer les effets de division subjective. L'orientation perverse semble être ici un moteur essentiel faisant passer, au nom de l'Autre, une jouissance qui ne dit pas son nom, une jouissance démentie.

Proponemos examinar primero ciertos aspectos del discurso capitalista, acercándolos a procesos perversos procedentes de la clínica del sujeto, para, luego, estudiar la dimensión de la moral y de la construcción social. Para ello, utilizaremos algunas investigaciones experimentales sobre sumisión a la autoridad y algunos aspectos de la filosofía moral relacionados con los "dilemas" para tratar de apreciar sus efectos en la división subjetiva. La orientación perversa parece ser un motor esencial para permitir, en nombre del Otro, un goce que no dice su nombre, un goce desmentido.

Trends in the Number and Multiplicity of Blood Culture Submissions in Hospitals in the Minami-Ibaraki Area of Japan / General Medicine

<b>Background: </b>Blood culture is an essential examination for diagnosis of causative microorganisms and determination of optimal antimicrobials in serious cases of infectious diseases. We examined temporal trends in the number and multiplicities of blood culture submission, two pre-analytic parameters indicating quality of the examination, in the Minami Ibaraki Area.<br><b>Methods: </b>We reviewed all computerized and available paper-based laboratory records of microbiological examination in five hospitals in the area between 2002 and 2011.<br><b>Results: </b>Blood culture submissions, estimated to be 2.4–7.3 (median: 5.1) sets per hospital bed, 8.6–23 (17) per 1,000 inpatient-days, and 0.13–0.41 (0.25) per newly admission in 2011, almost constantly increased during the study period in all hospitals. Proportions of blood specimens to all materials for microbiological cultures also increased up to 15–30% (20%) in 2011. In contrast, it was not until the latter half of the study period that solitary submission, accounting for 26–56% (35%) in 2011, decreased. Positive blood cultures were between 11 and 28% through the study period. Coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for approximately one fourth of recovered organisms in 2006 and 2011.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>Frequency and multiplicity of blood culture submission markedly increased in hospitals in the Minami-Ibaraki Area of Japan.