Epilepsy classification (ILAE Classification 2017) in resource-limited countries: A cross-sectional study on epilepsy in pediatric patients from Sudan

Background: The objective of this study is to utilize the ILAE 2017 to classify epilepsy patients and determine its applicability in Sudan. Methods: This study is a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional research conducted in two pediatric epilepsy clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan. Results: In this cross-sectional study, 350 pediatric patients with epilepsy were included, with a mean age of 8.4 ± 4.7 years and a mean illness duration of 4.71 ± 3.91 years. The ILAE classification was applied, showing that 71.11% of patients had generalized onset seizures, 27.7% had focal onset seizures, and only 1.1% had unknown onset seizures. Among patients with focal onset seizures, 56.4% had intact awareness, while 43.6% had impaired levels of awareness. The majority of patients who had generalized onset seizures experienced motor onset seizures, with tonicclonic seizures being the most common (44.2%). Nearly all patients with unknown onset seizures experienced tonic-clonic convulsions. These findings provide insights into the prevalence and types of seizures among pediatric epilepsy patients in Sudan and can guide clinicians in developing appropriate treatment plans. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of utilizing the latest ILAE classification 2017 in epilepsy classification and its potential utilization in resource limited areas like Sudan.

Occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in sudanese children in khartoum state / Características oclusais da dentição decídua em crianças Sudanesas do Estado de Khartoum

Background: Occlusal relationships in the primary dentition play an important role in the consequential final occlusion in permanent dentition. Therefore, good knowledge of occlusal relationships in children is essential for dental practitioners. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study done in randomly selected kindergartens in Khartoum State to determine the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children. Objective: To determine the occlusal characteristics feature of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children. Methods: A sample of 381 children age 3-5 years old, randomly selected from kindergartens in Khartoum Stat. Clinical examination was done to all children fulfil the inclusion criteria in the teacher office and in natural day light. Prevalence of different types of terminal plane, types of primary canine relationship and spacing of the primary dentition were assessed. Results: Flush terminal plane was the most prevalent type of terminal plane (72.2%). Class I canine relationship was the most common type of primary canine relationships (95%). In the upper arch primate space and physiological spaces were present in 90.3% and 82.4% of the children, respectively. Nevertheless, the lower arch showed primate spaces in 70.1% and physiological spaces in 74.8% of the children. Conclusion: Large number of the examined children had flush terminal plane and spacing primary dentition that forecasts development of normal occlusion in their permanent dentition

Introdução: As relações oclusais na dentição decídua desempenham um papel importante na oclusão final, na dentição permanente. Portanto, um bom conhecimento das relações oclusais em crianças é essencial para os cirurgiões-dentistas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo , transversal, em creches selecionadas aleatoriamente no estado de Khartoum (Sudão) para determinar as características oclusais de dentição decídua em um grupo de crianças sudanesas. Objetivo: Determinar as características oclusais de dentição decídua em um grupo de crianças sudanesas. Métodos: Uma amostra de 381 crianças com idade entre 3 e 5 anos foram selecionados aleatoriamente a partir creches no estado de Khartoum. O exame clínico foi feito em todas as crianças cumpriram os critérios de inclusão, na sala dos professores sob luz natural do dia. Foram avaliadas a prevalência dos diferentes tipos de plano terminal, tipos de relação canina e espaçamento da dentição decídua. Resultados: O plano terminal em topo foi o tipo mais prevalente de plano terminal (72,2%) . A relação canina de Classe I foi o tipo mais comum de relacionamentos nos caninos decíduos (95 %). Os espaços primatas e fisiológicas nos arcos superiores estavam presentes em 90,3% e 82,4 % das crianças , respectivamente. No entanto, os arcos inferiores mostraram espaços primatas em 70,1% e espaços fisiológicos em 74,8% das crianças. Conclusão: Grande número de crianças examinadas tinham plano terminal em topo e espaçamento dentição decídua, o que pode predizer um desenvolvimento da oclusão normal na sua dentição permanente.