Suicidology in China： rate changes and theoretical explorations / 四川精神卫生

Over the past few decades， suicide research in China has undergone profound changes， with its findings developing from small to large scales and with research teams transiting from novice to seasoned professional. During the same period， the suicide rate of the China's population on the mainland has experienced rapid switching from high to low， and theories have emerged to explain the changes in suicide and suicide rate. This paper summarized the historical development and current status of suicide research in China in recent decades， and expounded the reasons for the sharp decline of the suicide rate in mainland China from the economic and cultural aspects， and used Strain Theory of Suicide to systematically explain the changes in suicide and the rate.

Suicide mortality in the city of São Paulo: epidemiological characteristics and their social factors in a temporal trend between 2000 and 2017. Retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for one million deaths annually. Greater understanding of the causal risk factors is needed, especially in large urban centers. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the epidemiological profile and temporal trend of suicides over two decades and correlate prevalence with social indicators. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive population-based longitudinal retrospective study conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A temporal trend series for suicide mortality in this city was constructed based on data from the Ministry of Health's mortality notification system, covering 2000-2017. It was analyzed using classic demographic variables relating to social factors. RESULTS: Suicide rates were high throughout this period, increasing from 4.6/100,000 inhabitants in the 2000s to 4.9/100,000 in 2017 (mean: 4.7/100,000). The increase in mortality was mainly due to increased male suicide, which went from 6.0/100,000 to the current 8.0/100,000. Other higher coefficients corresponded to social risk factors, such as being a young adult (25-44 years old), being more educated (eight years of schooling) and having white ethnicity (67.2%). Suicide was also twice as likely to occur at home (47.8%). CONCLUSION: High suicide rates were seen over the period 2000-2017, especially among young adults and males. High schooling levels and white ethnicity were risk factors. The home environment is the crucial arena for preventive action. One special aspect of primary prevention is the internet and especially social media, which provides a multitude of information for suicide prevention.

Suicídio em Portugal: um retrato do país / Suicide in Portugal: image of the country

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar padrões de tendências do suicídio registrado em Portugal, tendo em conta um conjunto de variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas entre os anos 2007 e 2014, de modo a obter uma visão geral desse flagelo em Portugal. Métodos Recorrendo a dados do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) e do Sistema de Informação dos Certificados de Óbito (SICO), foi analisado o suicídio segundo a categoria do CID-10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças), examinando-se as incidências por gênero, faixa etária e região. Resultados Os mais acometidos pelo suicídio são homens (54,8%), com idade superior a 75 anos (30,9%), e ele ocorre nas zonas economicamente mais desfavorecidas. A mortalidade por suicídio mais elevada encontra-se na região do Alentejo (12,8%). Conclusão A mortalidade por suicídio continua a crescer em Portugal e varia em função do gênero e idade, sendo mais elevada nas regiões do Centro e Sul. É necessária uma estratégia de acompanhamento e de prevenção no âmbito da ação social e dos cuidados de saúde, com importantes variações regionais, e maior vigilância sobre a comercialização ilegal de armas de fogo e de pesticidas.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify patterns of suicide trends registered in Portugal, taking into account a set of socio-economic and demographic variables between the years 2007 and 2014 in order to obtain an overview of this scourge in Portugal. Methods Using data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) and the Death Certificate Information System (SICO), suicide was analyzed according to the category of ICD10 (International Classification of Diseases), the incidence by gender, age group and region. Results The most affected to suicide are men (54,8%), over 75 years old (30.9%) and occurs in the more rural areas of the interior of the country that are more deprived of materials. The highest suicide mortality is found in the Alentejo region (12,8%). Conclusion Mortality due to suicide continues to grow in Portugal and varies according to gender, age is highest in the Central and South regions. A strategy of follow-up and prevention in the field of social action and health care is required, with important regional variations and greater vigilance on the illegal trade in firearms and pesticides.

The epidemiology of suicide in Jamaica 2002-2010: rates and patterns / Epidemiología del suicidio en Jamaica de 2002 a 2010: tasas y patrones

OBJECTIVE: Suicide is increasingly recognized as a worldwide problem. There is a paucity of quality data pertaining to suicide in developing countries. Epidemiological analysis of suicide data elucidates prevailing patterns that facilitate risk factor identification and the development of germane programmatic responses. This paper analyses temporal variations in suicide rates for the years 2002-2010 in Jamaica and describes the sociodemographic profile of cases and method of suicide for the latter four years. METHOD: Data pertaining to suicides were extracted from the police (The Jamaica Constabulary Force) records. These were summarized and analysed with respect to person, place and time. Population statistics for the computation of rates were obtained from publications of the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. Age-standardized rates were generated for comparison of trends over time. Poisson and binomial probabilities were used to determine statistically significant differences in rates. RESULTS: Suicide rates in Jamaica have remained relatively stable for the period reviewed with mean overall annual incidence of 2.1 per 100 000 population. Rates for males were significantly higher than those for females. The majority (90.4%) of suicide cases were males. A trend for higher rates of suicide was generally noted in the 25-34-year and the 75-year and over age groups. Hanging was the main method used to commit suicide (77.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Age-adjusted rates of suicide indicate no significant changes in Jamaica over the period 2002 to 2010. Continued surveillance of suicide as well as improved recording of the circumstances surrounding suicides are recommended to promote greater understanding of suicides and this will ultimately inform intervention strategies.

OBJETIVO: El suicidio adquiere cada vez mayor reconocimiento como problema mundial. Existe una escasez de datos cualitativos en relación con el suicidio en los países en vías de desarrollo. El análisis epidemiológico de los datos sobre suicidio dilucida los patrones prevalecientes que facilitan la identificación de factores de riesgo y el desarrollo de respuestas programáticas relacionadas. El presente trabajo analiza las variaciones temporales de las tasas de suicidio durante los años 2002-2010 en Jamaica, y describe el perfil demográfico de los casos y métodos de suicidio durante los últimos cuatro años. MÉTODO: Datos relacionados con el suicidio fueron tomados de los archivos de la policía (Jamaica Constabulary Force). Los mismos fueron resumidos y analizados con respecto a la persona, el lugar y el tiempo. Se obtuvieron estadísticas de la población para el cómputo de tasas, Las estadísticas fueron tomadas de las publicaciones del Instituto Estadístico de Jamaica. Se generaron tasas estandarizadas por edad con el fin de hacer una comparación de las tendencias a través del tiempo. Se usaron probabilidades binomiales y de Poisson, para determinar las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las tasas. RESULTADOS: Las tasas de suicidio en Jamaica han permanecido relativamente estables en el periodo bajo estudio, con una incidencia promedio anual general de 2.1 por 100 000 habitantes. Las tasas de los varones fueron significativamente más altas que las de las hembras. La mayoría (90.4%) de los casos de suicidio fueron varones. Se observó generalmente una tendencia a tasas más altas de suicidio en los grupos de edades de 25-34 años, y 75 años o más. El ahorcamiento fue el método principal usado para cometer suicidio (77.5%). CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de suicidio ajustadas por edad no indican ningún cambio significativo en Jamaica en el periodo de 2002 a 2010. Se recomienda una vigilancia continuada de los actos de suicidio así como el mejoramiento de los registros de las circunstancias en torno a los mismos, a fin de promover un mayor entendiendo de estos, con lo cual se podrán lograr a la larga estrategias de intervención bien informadas.

A study of suicide rates in Thailand in 1990.

The suicide rates in Thailand in 1990 were studied from death certificates. There were 3,323 suicides, suicide a rate was of 5.9/100,000 or 1.4% of death in Thailand. More men committed suicide than women (1.8:1). The highest rate occurred among 15-25-year-olds of both sexes. The suicide rate among 56-65-year-olds was higher than in the 46-55-year-olds and over 65-year-olds. More single people committed suicide than married ones. More single males committed suicide than single females (2.18:1). (Fore the place of birth and death) people from northern provinces committed suicide more often than those from southern provinces. There were no significant differences in the frequency of suicide according t month of year or an occupation. More suicides were discovered by close relatives than by officials. Hanging is the most common suicide method. Poisoning and firearms are also common methods. The findings showed that methods of suicide were more violent and effective than in the past.