The application of ammonium sulphate and amino acid on cotton: effects on can improve growth, yield, quality and nitrogen absorption / Aplicação de sulfato de amônio e aminoácido no algodão: efeitos sobre o crescimento, o rendimento, a qualidade e a absorção de nitrogênio

A field study was carried out to determine the influence of foliage applied plant growth promoter and retardant in improving soil applied sulphur fertilizer use efficiency in cotton during two consecutive summers 2014 and 2015. Experimental trial comprised of three different sources of sulphur (ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate and elemental sulphur) and foliar spray of plant growth promoter and growth retardant including tap water was taken as control. Among treatments soil applied ammonium sulphate with foliage applied amino acid produced maximum plant height, sympodial branches, pods per plant, seed cotton yield, fiber yield, biological yield, protein contents, oil contents and leaf nitrogen uptake as compared to the other treatments. Whereas, soil applied potassium sulphate with foliar spray of mepiquat chloride on cotton significantly improved the boll weight and leaf potassium uptake. We conclude that soil applied ammonium sulphate and foliage spray of amino acid was more effective in improving the productivity and quality attributes of cotton.

Foi realizado um estudo de campo para determinar a influência do promotor de crescimento das plantas e retardador da folhagem em algodão, para melhora da eficiência do uso de fertilizantes à base de enxofre aplicados no solo durante dois verões consecutivos (2014 e 2015). O ensaio experimental foi composto de três fontes diferentes de enxofre (sulfato de amônio, sulfato de potássio e enxofre elementar) e pulverização foliar do promotor de crescimento de plantas e retardador de crescimento, incluindo água da torneira que foi tomada como controle. Entre os tratamentos, o sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo com aminoácido aplicado na folhagem produziu o máximo na altura da planta, ramos simodiais, capulhos por planta, rendimento de algodão em caroço, rendimento de fibra, rendimento biológico, conteúdo de proteínas, conteúdo de óleo e absorção de nitrogênio nas folhas quando comparado a outros tratamentos. Enquanto o solo fertilizado com sulfato de potássio e aplicação foliar de cloreto de mepiquat no algodão melhorou, significativamente, o peso do capulho e a absorção de potássio nas folhas. Sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo e a aplicação foliar de aminoácidos foram mais eficazes na melhora dos atributos de produtividade e qualidade do algodão.

The application of ammonium sulphate and amino acid on cotton: effects on can improve growth, yield, quality and nitrogen absorption

Abstract A field study was carried out to determine the influence of foliage applied plant growth promoter and retardant in improving soil applied sulphur fertilizer use efficiency in cotton during two consecutive summers 2014 and 2015. Experimental trial comprised of three different sources of sulphur (ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate and elemental sulphur) and foliar spray of plant growth promoter and growth retardant including tap water was taken as control. Among treatments soil applied ammonium sulphate with foliage applied amino acid produced maximum plant height, sympodial branches, pods per plant, seed cotton yield, fiber yield, biological yield, protein contents, oil contents and leaf nitrogen uptake as compared to the other treatments. Whereas, soil applied potassium sulphate with foliar spray of mepiquat chloride on cotton significantly improved the boll weight and leaf potassium uptake. We conclude that soil applied ammonium sulphate and foliage spray of amino acid was more effective in improving the productivity and quality attributes of cotton.

Resumo Foi realizado um estudo de campo para determinar a influência do promotor de crescimento das plantas e retardador da folhagem em algodão, para melhora da eficiência do uso de fertilizantes à base de enxofre aplicados no solo durante dois verões consecutivos (2014 e 2015). O ensaio experimental foi composto de três fontes diferentes de enxofre (sulfato de amônio, sulfato de potássio e enxofre elementar) e pulverização foliar do promotor de crescimento de plantas e retardador de crescimento, incluindo água da torneira que foi tomada como controle. Entre os tratamentos, o sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo com aminoácido aplicado na folhagem produziu o máximo na altura da planta, ramos simodiais, capulhos por planta, rendimento de algodão em caroço, rendimento de fibra, rendimento biológico, conteúdo de proteínas, conteúdo de óleo e absorção de nitrogênio nas folhas quando comparado a outros tratamentos. Enquanto o solo fertilizado com sulfato de potássio e aplicação foliar de cloreto de mepiquat no algodão melhorou, significativamente, o peso do capulho e a absorção de potássio nas folhas. Sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo e a aplicação foliar de aminoácidos foram mais eficazes na melhora dos atributos de produtividade e qualidade do algodão.

The application of ammonium sulphate and amino acid on cotton: effects on can improve growth, yield, quality and nitrogen absorption / Aplicação de sulfato de amônio e aminoácido no algodão: efeitos sobre o crescimento, o rendimento, a qualidade e a absorção de nitrogênio

A field study was carried out to determine the influence of foliage applied plant growth promoter and retardant in improving soil applied sulphur fertilizer use efficiency in cotton during two consecutive summers 2014 and 2015. Experimental trial comprised of three different sources of sulphur (ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate and elemental sulphur) and foliar spray of plant growth promoter and growth retardant including tap water was taken as control. Among treatments soil applied ammonium sulphate with foliage applied amino acid produced maximum plant height, sympodial branches, pods per plant, seed cotton yield, fiber yield, biological yield, protein contents, oil contents and leaf nitrogen uptake as compared to the other treatments. Whereas, soil applied potassium sulphate with foliar spray of mepiquat chloride on cotton significantly improved the boll weight and leaf potassium uptake. We conclude that soil applied ammonium sulphate and foliage spray of amino acid was more effective in improving the productivity and quality attributes of cotton.

Foi realizado um estudo de campo para determinar a influência do promotor de crescimento das plantas e retardador da folhagem em algodão, para melhora da eficiência do uso de fertilizantes à base de enxofre aplicados no solo durante dois verões consecutivos (2014 e 2015). O ensaio experimental foi composto de três fontes diferentes de enxofre (sulfato de amônio, sulfato de potássio e enxofre elementar) e pulverização foliar do promotor de crescimento de plantas e retardador de crescimento, incluindo água da torneira que foi tomada como controle. Entre os tratamentos, o sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo com aminoácido aplicado na folhagem produziu o máximo na altura da planta, ramos simodiais, capulhos por planta, rendimento de algodão em caroço, rendimento de fibra, rendimento biológico, conteúdo de proteínas, conteúdo de óleo e absorção de nitrogênio nas folhas quando comparado a outros tratamentos. Enquanto o solo fertilizado com sulfato de potássio e aplicação foliar de cloreto de mepiquat no algodão melhorou, significativamente, o peso do capulho e a absorção de potássio nas folhas. Sulfato de amônio aplicado no solo e a aplicação foliar de aminoácidos foram mais eficazes na melhora dos atributos de produtividade e qualidade do algodão.

Antifungal activity of homeopathic medicines against the white mold causing agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

White mold disease, caused by fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary., is a disease hard to control due to the high amount of sclerotia produced, which guarantees its survival in the soil for years leading to significant yield losses. Alternative techniques to control the pathogen have been researched, including homeopathy. The present work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal effect of homeopathic medicines on S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth. Homeopathic medicines Sulphur, fungal sclerotium Nosode and Calcarea carbonica, in 30CH, 200CH and 1000CH dynamizations were tested. Assays were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. Experiments were performed through the addition of homeopathic medicines on the surface of plates containing culture medium, followed by insertion of a disc containing fungus mycelia and incubation. Control treatment received no homeopathic medicine. The mycelial progression was monitored by seven halo diameter measurements during experiment period. All homeopathic medicines tested and their dynamizations were able to inhibit partially the development of the fungus. Calcarea carbonica at the dynamization of 1000 CH showed the best inhibitory effect on S. sclerotiorum, which under its effect produced a mycelial halo 40% smaller than the control treatment.

Comparison of Chemical Constituents Differences between Angelicae dahuricae with and without Sulphur- fumigation and Selection of Chemical Markers Based on 1H-NMR Metabolomics / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the diff erences in the overall chemical constituents of Angelicae dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation，and to select chemical markers that can be used for identification. METHODS ：Each 16 batches of A. dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation were selected as samples. Deuterated methanol-deuterium oxide （1 ∶ 0.2，V/V）was used as extraction solvent ，and 1H-NMR metabolomics was used to detect the primary and secondary metabolites in A. dahuricae . In addition ，visual analysis ，principal component analysis （PCA）and t-test were used to compare the component differences of A. dahuricae by two kinds of pretreatment methods. RESULTS ：A total of 19 chemical constituents such as coumarins ，amino acids and sugars were simultaneously detected and identified from two kinds of A. dahuricae . Visual analysis showed that the chemical profiles of the two kinds of A. dahuricae were similar ，but their coumarins and carbohydrates were quite different in 1H-NMR signal intensity. PCA analysis showed that all samples could be divided into two categories according to different treatment methods. The results of t-test showed that the contents of oxypeucedanin ，imperatorin，glucose and sucrose of A. dahuricae were decreased significantly after sulphur fumigation （P＜0.01 or P＜0.001），while the contents of alanine and leucine were significantly increased （P＜0.01 or P＜0.001）. There was no statistical significance in the contents of other 13 kinds of components （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：There are obvious differences in the 6 chemical compounds of oxypeucedanin ，imperatorin，glucose，sucrose， alanine and leucine in A. dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation ，which can be used as chemical markers for the identification of sulphur-fumigated A. dahuricae in the market.

Isolation and characterization of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Halothiobacillus sp.) from aquaculture farm soil

Aim: Isolation and characterization of Halothiobacillus sp. from the shrimp aquaculture farm soil and their sulphur oxidation ability and utilization of H2S in in-vitro model. Methodology: Starkeys mineral salt medium was used to screen autotrophic sulphur oxidizing bacteria. For the qualitative screening, bacterial isolates were inoculated in mineral salt medium containing bromo phenol blue indicator to monitor change in pH. The isolates were studied further for their sulphate ion production, sulphur oxidase enzyme production and utilization of Na2S. Identification was carried out by conventional biochemical and molecular methods. Results: Fifty isolates showed distinct sulphur oxidizing ability on the mineral salt medium. The pH reduction test revealed that out of fifty isolates six could efficiently reduce the pH of the medium to 3.0 from an initial pH of 7 within 96 hr of incubation at 30oC. Maximum sulphate ion (12.65 mg ml-1) and sulphur oxidase enzyme (16.64 mM sulphate hr-1 ml-1) was produced by a bacterial isolate, Halothiobacillus sp. strain rk3. All the six isolates efficiently utilized Na2S in in-vitro conditions. Conventional and molecular identification (16S rRNA sequence analysis) revealed that the sulphur oxidizing bacterial isolates belonged to Halothiobacillus spp. Furthermore, sequencing similarity calculation showed an average nucleotide identity (ANI) values higher than 99% which suggests that the isolates were not genetically different. Interpretation: The present investigation revealed the presence of Halothiobacillus sp. as natural microflora of farm soils in shrimp aquaculture.

Advanced Forms of Sulphur Formulations for Improving Use Efficiency in Crop Species

Widespread incidences of sulphur (S) deficiency in agricultural crops and soils have been reported globally. To meet this gap, various new forms of S fertilizers are available in the market, and they are in the process of testing for their validations in varied type of crop species and soils. A current global trend of using these advanced S formulations for plant production has emerged to overcome the challenges of S nutrition in crops. This paper highlights the potential benefits of improved S fertilizers in agriculture as compared to conventional S fertilizers. However, there is also a need for increasing awareness among the growers to recognize the importance of S (fourth primary plant nutrient) and simultaneously exploring the options for elevating the efficiency of S.

Characterization of a hyperthermophilic sulphur-oxidizing biofilm produced by archaea isolated from a hot spring

Background: Sulphur-oxidizing microorganisms are widely used in the biofiltration of total reduced sulphur compounds (odorous and neurotoxic) produced by industries such as the cellulose and petrochemical industries, which include high-temperature process steps. Some hyperthermophilic microorganisms have the capability to oxidize these compounds at high temperatures (N60°C), and archaea of this group, for example, Sulfolobus metallicus, are commonly used in biofiltration technology. Results: In this study, a hyperthermophilic sulphur-oxidizing strain of archaea was isolated from a hot spring (Chillán, Chile) and designated as M1. It was identified as archaea of the genus Sulfolobus (99% homology with S. solfataricus 16S rDNA). Biofilms of this culture grown on polyethylene rings showed an elemental sulphur oxidation rate of 95.15 ± 15.39 mg S l-1 d-1, higher than the rate exhibited by the biofilm of the sulphur-oxidizing archaea S. metallicus (56.8 ± 10.91 mg l-1 d-1). Conclusions: The results suggest that the culture M1 is useful for the biofiltration of total reduced sulphur gases at high temperatures and for other biotechnological applications.

DNA damage effects on human skin keratinocytes induced by sulphur mustard / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of sulphur mustard on DNA damage of human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes (HacaT cells).Methods The inhibitory effect of sulphur mustard on the proliferation of HacaT cells was detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptosis index of cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC method.The effects of sulphur mustard on DNA damage were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The proliferation rate of HacaT cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with sulphur mustard for 24 h (IC50 value was 121 mol/L).The apoptotic and comet tailing rates of cells treated with sulphur mustard also increased in a dose-dependent manner.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were changed after treatment with sulphur mustard.Conclusion Sulphur mustard has significant cytotoxic effect on HacaT cells,and can induce apoptosis and DNA damage.In addition,ATM-P53-γH2AX-PARP signaling pathway plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard.

Actinomycosis in histopathology – Review of literature

Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative granulomatous inflammation caused by Actinomyces israelli which is a gram positive organism that is a normal commensal in humans. Multiple clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, as various anatomical sites can be affected. It most commonly affects the head and neck (50%). In any site, actinomycosis frequently mimics malignancy, tuberculosis or nocardiosis. Physicians must be aware of clinical presentations but also that actinomycosis mimicking malignancy. In most cases, diagnosis is often possible after surgical exploration. Following the confirmation of diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy with high doses of Penicillin G or Amoxicillin is required. This article is intended to review the clinical presentations, histopathology and complications of actinomycosis in various sites of the body.

A new phenylacetamide from the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd / 药学学报

The chemical constituents of the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd. were investigated using chromatographic methods, including Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, silica gel chromatography and semi-preparative-HPLC. Three compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as lepidiumamide A (1), cis-desulfoglucotropaeolin (2), trans-desulfoglucotropaeolin (3). Among those, compound 1 is a new phenylacetamide, compound 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and their configurations were also identified for the first time.

Raman spectroscopy shows difference in drugs at ultrahigh dilution prepared with stepwise mechanical agitation

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at deciphering the nature of the water structure of two ultrahigh diluted (UHD) homeopathic drugs by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. METHOD: Two homeopathic drugs Sulphur and Natrum mur in three UHD 30cH, 200cH and 1000cH were selected for the study. Raman spectra of the drugs and their medium (90% ethanol) were obtained in the wave number region of 2600-3800 cm-1. The intensity ratio at vibration frequencies between 3200 and 3420 (R1) and that between 3620 and 3420 (R2) was calculated for each UHD as well as the control. RESULTS: Raman spectra shows differences in intensities in different UHDs and their control in the stretching vibrations of CH and OH groups. The three UHDs of each drug show an inverse relationship with respect to the R1 values. However, for R2 the relationship of UHD for each drug is positive. CONCLUSION: R1 provides information about the relative number of OH groups with strong and weak hydrogen bonds. R2 suggests the relative number of OH groups with broken and weak hydrogen bonds. Judged from R1 values the lower is the rank of UHD, the stronger is the H-bond of the OH groups. In the light of R2 values, the higher is the UHD rank the more abundant is the free OH groups. So, hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups together make an effective UHD rank relating to Sulphur and Natrum mur.

Efeitos de fontes orgânicas de cobre e enxofre sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos no soro de ovinos / Effects of organic and inorganic copper and sulphur supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in sheep

Minerais são componentes essenciais na dieta, exercendo diversas funções no organismo animal onde o uso de sais orgânicos visa aumentar a disponibilidade dos inerais no trato digestório. O perfil metabólico auxilia na avaliação de índices produtivos, para tanto, se faz análises de componentes bioquímicos do sangue. O objetivo foi estudar os efeitos que fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de cobre e enxofre possuem nos parâmetros bioquímicos. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP, para tanto 40 ovinos foram distribuídos em 10tratamentos: 1) dieta basal; 2) dieta contendo Mo; 3) dieta basal+ Cu inorg + S inorg; 4) dieta basal + Cu inorg + S org; 5) dieta basal + Cu org + S inorg; 6) dieta basal + Cu org + S org; 7) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S inorg; 8) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S org; 9) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S inorg; 10) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S org. De acordo com cada tratamento houve a inclusão de 10mgkg-1 de MS de Cu inorgânico ou orgânico ou 10 mg kg-1 de MS de Mo ou 0,2% de S inorgânico ou orgânico. Os animais receberam dieta única duas vezes ao dia com inclusão de volumoso num total de 3% do peso vivo. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, com coletas a cada 28 dias para estudo de glicose, ureia, albumina, colesterol, triglicerídeos. Os parâmetros foram analisados com estrutura fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem Mo, Cu orgânico e inorgânico e S orgânico e inorgânico) e uma dieta basal e uma basal mais molibdênio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com um nível de significância de 5%. Os teores séricos de glicose, ureia, albumina e colesterol não apresentaram diferença significativa entre tratamentos e tempo, tão pouco foram influenciados (p>0.05) pelos tratamentos, sendo as médias 64,8mg dl-1; 30,0mg dl-1; 2,78mg L-1; 72,2mg dl-1respectivamente, apresentando-se dentro da normalidade. Os teores de triglicerídeos nos tratamentos (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl-1) foram influenciados pela interação Cu x S...

Minerals are essential components in the diet, exercising various functions in the animal. There are many studies to find better results for the organic sources of minerals, and one of the reasons for that is to avoid the negative interactions. The metabolic profile helps in assessment of production indices, therefore analyzes blood biochemical components. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic copper and sulphur supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in sheep. The experiment was conducted at the FZEA/USP. Total 40 weaned sheep were divided in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet plus Mo; 3) basal diet + inorganic Cu + inorganic S; 4) basal diet + inorganic Cu + organic S; 5) basal diet + organic Cu + inorganic S; 6) basal diet + organic Cu + organic S; 7) diet plus Mo + inorganic Cu + inorganic S; 8) diet plus Mo + inorganic Cu + organic S; 9) diet plus Mo + organic Cu + inorganic S; 10) diet plus organic Cu + organic S. According each treatment was added 10mg kg-1 MS inorganic or organic Cu or 10mg kg-1 MS Mo or 0.2% S inorganic or organic. The animals were fed twice a day, a total of 3% of body weight. The experiment lasted 84 days, blood was sampled every 28 days to study glucose, urea, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides. The parameters were analyzed with factorial structure 2 x 2 x 2 (with and without Mo, organic and inorganic Cu and organic and inorganic S) and a basal diet and a basal diet plus Mo, with 5% significance. Serum levels of glucose, urea, albumin and cholesterol showed no significant difference between treatment and time (p> 0.05). It observed means of 64.8mg dl- 1; 30.0mg dl -1; 2.78mg L -1; 72.2mg dl- 1 respectively for glucose, urea, albumin and cholesterol. Serum levels of triglycerides in the treatments (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl- 1) were influenced by interaction Cu x S, triglycerides decreased...

Contents Determination of 5 Coumarins in Sulphur-fumigated and No Sulphur-fumigated Glehnia littoralis by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of 5 coumarins in sulphur-fumigated and no sul-phur-fumigated Glehnia littoralis,and investigate the effect of sulphur fumigation on the coumarins in G. littoralis. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Hypersil ODS C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elu-tion)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 295 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.121 5-12.15 μg/L for psoralen,0.389-38.9 μg/L for xanthotoxin,0.055-5.5 μg/L for bergapten, 0.070 5-7.05 μg/L for imperatorin and 0.092 5-9.25 μg/L for isoimperatorin(r≥0.999 7);RSD of precision test was lower than 1.0,RSDs of reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 3.0;recovery was 98.01%-101.97%(RSD<3.0%,n=6). CON-CLUSIONS:The content of coumarins in G. littoralis was obviously decreased after sulphur fumigation. the method is simple and accurate,and canbe used for the quality control of sulphur-fumigated and no sulphur-fumigated G. littoralis.

Elaboración de una propuesta de manejo con homeopatía para pacientes con dolor torácico / Preparation of a management proposal with homeopathy for patients with chest pain

El dolor torácico es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente tanto en servicios de urgencias como en consulta externa, se estima que aproximadamente el 20% de las consultas de adultos no quirúrgicas en un servicio general de urgencias, corresponde a dolor torácico. La mayoría de ellos (85 a 90%) no se deben a síndrome coronario agudo (o infarto agudo de miocardio) o a otra potencialmente mortal. No encontramos informada en la literatura médica, una propuesta para el manejo de estos pacientes con homeopatía. Se revisó en medicinas internas y semiologías las diversas formas de presentación de dolor torácico, acorde con varios orígenes: Coronario, Gastroesofágico, Costocondral (Reumático) o Pleural. Seguidamente, se investigó en un repertorio digital (Radar 7) los medicamentos que mejor puntuaban según los síntomas más frecuentes, pretendiendo abarcar la totalidad sintomática del paciente. Se hizo una revisión y resumen de varias materias médicas de 20 medicamentos mejor puntuados y finalmente se elaboró un algoritmo con dos de los síntomas más característicos en las diversas modalidades de dolor torácico. Los medicamentos analizados fueron: Acónitum, Argentum Nitricum, Arsénicum Album, Árnica, Aurum Metálicum, Bryonia, Cactus Grandiflorus, Calcárea Carbónica, Carbo Vegetábilis, Causticum, Digitalis, Kali Carbónicum, Nux Vómica, Phosphorus, Spongia Tosta y Sulphur. A modo de ejemplo, en el dolor torácico de tipo opresivo o anginoso acompañado de angustia y temor a la muerte, los medicamentos más puntuados son: Acon, Dig, Arn y Cact.

Exploring the Synthesis of New 1-(4-Substitutedphenylamino) imidazo[1,5-a]indol-3-one Derivatives as Cyclized Analogs of Leucettines.

New 1-arylaminoimidazo[1,5-a]indol-3-ones were synthesized as cyclized derivatives of leucettine L41, a low molecular weight inhibitor of the DYRKs/CLKs protein kinases with potential applications in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. In this first approach, access to the desired 1-aminoimidazo[1,5-a]indol-3-ones involved 5 steps and was explored with a series of various primary amines and polar secondary amines in order to introduce molecular diversity on N-1 position. The 5 step synthesis of the 1-arylaminoimidazo[1,5-a]indol-3-ones was achieved and the limiting step of this process was the final cyclization via a sulphur/nitrogen displacement from methylsulfanyl thiourea intermediates. Good results were obtained for isothioureas derived from primary amines. The 1-arylaminoimidazo[1,5-a]indol-3-ones were evaluated on a panel of five protein kinases (DYRK1A, CK1, CDK5/p25, GSK3 and CLK1).

Nutritional quality enhancement of plants by improving its methionine content.

Human beings are only capable of synthesizing ten of twenty naturally occurring amino acids. The other essential amino acids are obtained from the diet. Cereal grains are often limiting for lysine, tryptophan and threonine, while the legume seeds have an adequate level of lysine but are limiting for the sulphurcontaining amino acids, methionine and cysteine. Animals can convert methionine into cysteine, but not the reverse. Low level of methionine in plants diminishes their value as a source of dietary protein for human and animals. There are several attempts to improve the methionine level in plants. This study gives an overview of various technology for enhancement of methionine level in plants, including traditional plant breeding methods and selection of mutant; synthesis an artificial gene rich in methionine and cysteine residue; genetic modification to increase methionine storage in protein; genetic modification to increase methionine biosynthesis and co-expressing methionine-rich storage proteins with enzymes that lead to high soluble methionine level, with minimal interference on plant growth, phenotype and productivity. The studies have resulted in the identification of steps important for the regulation of flux through the pathways and for the production of transgenic plants having increased free and protein bound methionine. The goal of increasing methionine content, and therefore nutritive value, of plant protein is presently being achieved and will no doubt continue to progress in the near future.

Evaluation of the role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in treatment of ultrasound guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in treatment of ultrasound guided high intensity fo‐cused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids .Methods Forty eight women with uterine fibroids were allocated into contrast en‐hanced group(25cases ,42fibroids) and non contrast enhanced group(23 cases ,35 fibroids) .The average volume of fibroids and the non perfused volume and the fractional ablation and adverse effects between the tow groups were compared .Results Non perfused volume was observed in all fibroids of the two groups after high intensity focused ultrasound ablation through sulphur hexafluoride micro bubbles .The average non perfused volume was 19 .5(18 .2)cm3 and 22 .5(14 .5)cm3 ,fractional ablation was (78 ± 18)% and (87 ± 13)% of the uterus immediately after HIFU respectively .The average non perfused volume was 18 .6(18 .2)cm3 and 19 .5 (18 .7)cm3 ,fractional ablation was (85 .7 ± 15 .2)% and (87 .6 ± 8 .0)% of the uterus two days after HIFU .There was no signifi‐cant difference was observed in average non perfused volume and the fractional ablation between the two groups(P>0 .05) .During HIFU procedure ,more patients in non contrast enhanced group complained sacral pain than those in contrast enhanced group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Contrast enhanced ultrasound is an accurate method in assessing the treatment effect of HIFU and could be safely used during HIFU treatment for uterine fibroids ,shorten therapy time ,and decrease side reaction .

New Halogenated Thiosemicarbazones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: synthesis and spectral characterization.

Three new chalcogenic thiosemicarbazones (3,4-difluoroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone(1), 2-bromo-4’- chloroacetophenone thiosemicarbazone(2) and 2, 4’-dibromoacetophenone thiosemicarbazone(3) are synthesized by using a conventional one step processes in which the respective halo-substituted acetophenones are condensed with thiosemicarbazide to result in the formation of the product. The chalcogenic thiosemicarbazones are then characterized by the spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR (19F for 1), HRMS and LC-MS, TG-DTA. The compound 1 is unambiguously characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and is found to have monoclinic system. These compounds were further tested for their antimicrobial activity against some human pathogens like E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aureginosa and S. aureus. The MIC values have suggested that these are potential antimicrobial agents.

Biochemical changes in some deciduous tree species around Talcher thermal power station, Odisha, India.

The present study was conducted to evaluate biochemical traits in leaves to assess the air pollution impact on plants caused by thermal power plant emissions. Ten species of deciduous trees were selected from study sites in different seasons. pH, chlorophyll, phenols, total soluble sugar content and proline content in fresh leaf was analyzed. The leaf wash pH content reveals moderately acidic (4.5-5.0) to highly acidic (3.5-4.5) range. Significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in chlorophyll content according to the seasons and sites. Maximum reduction in chlorophyll was noticed at 2.5 km and 5.0 km west from the power plant. Greater reduction in chlorop0hyll ‘b’ than chlorophyll ‘a’ was noticed. An increase in total soluble sugars and phenols was observed at sites closer to thermal power plant in comparison to control. Highest concentration of total phenols was found in summer season in Dalbergia sissoo (1.52 %), Butea monosperma (1.12 %), Mangifera indica (1.2 %), Tectona grandis (1.26%) and Acacia leucophloea (1.16 %) at 2.5 km north from the source. Highest concentration of soluble sugar was found in Dalbergia sissoo (7.75 %) during winter season. There was about 10-20 fold increase in proline content of leaves in comparison to the control.