RESUMO
Objective To evaluate the incidence and to investigate risk factors of supraventricular arrhythmia (SVAs) in postoperative cancer patients in intensive care unit ( ICU ). Methods Data of 570 patients consecutively admitted to oncologic surgical ICU of Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from Nov. 2008 to Oct. 2009 were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were conducted for potential factors that influenced SAVs. Results Thirteen patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) were excluded and 557 patients were eligible for the study. SVAs occurred in 72 patients ( 12. 93% ). Multivariate analysis showed four independent predictors of SVAs including age ( OR = 1. 066,95%CI: 1. 034 - 1. 099,P ＜0. 001 ) ,a history of coronary heart diseases ( OR = 2. 644,95% CI: 1. 459 - 4. 790,P ＜ 0. 05), sepsis ( OR = 2. 374,95% CI: 1. 098 - 5. 135, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and intra-thoracic procedure ( OR =2. 322,95 % CI: 1.061 - 5.084, P ＜ 0. 05 ) . ICU length of stay, severity ( APACHE Ⅱ scores in SVAs patients) were significantly greater in patients who were not affected by SVAs ( ICU stay: [2 ( 1 ～ 77 )]vs [3 ( 1 ～ 40 )]days,P ＜ 0. 001; APACHE Ⅱ score: [9 (0 ～ 37 )] vs [11 (3 ～ 38 )], P = 0. 001 ). Nine cases died in SVAs patients ( 12. 5% ) and 19 died in the non-SVAs patients (3.9%), with significant difference between the two groups( x2 = 9. 673, P = 0. 002). Conclusion In oncologic surgical ICU, the incidence of SVAs is high. Age,history of coronary heart diseases, sepsis and intra-thoracic procedure were independent rsik factors of SVAs. SVAs prolong ICU length of stay. SVAs is a marker of critical illness severity.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The selection of the surgical approach to the mitral valve is a critical factor in obtaining good exposure and minimizing lesions of the surrounding structures. The classical right lateral subseptal access may sometimes provide difficult exposure, so that alternative approaches are used whose effects on atrial electrical activity are contradictory. OBJECTIVE:To standardize an investigative method to evaluate heart electrical activity post-op. METHODS: Ten consecutive adult patients with mitral valve disease were operated on. Surface electrocardiogram and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter system) pre and post-op., and epicardical cardioestimulation post-op. were used to study cardiac electric activity. RESULTS: There was no mortality. All patients with sinus rhythm presented supraventricular ectopia, with episodes of supraventricular tachycardia in 57%, atrial flutter in 10%, and junctional rhythm in 10%. All patients presented ventricular ectopia, with a low incidence in 70% of them and with unsustained ventricular tachycardia in 30%. During the postoperative period there was a 40% rate of new supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, junctional rhythm, low atrial rhythm, and paroxistic supraventricular tachycardia), with no ventricular arrhythmias. Post-op. sinus node function was preserved. There was a significant reduction of supraventricular ectopia, with reversal of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in one patient. Although there was a significant reduction in left atrium size post-op, P wave duration, as well as ventricular ectopia rate remained unchanged. Interatrial conduction time correlated with left atrium size measured pre and post-op. CONCLUSION: The methods proved useful to evaluate atrial electric activity in patients operated upon by the classic subseptal access, thus permitting future comparisons with other surgical approaches to the mitral valve.
INTRODUÇÃO: O acesso cirúrgico por esternotomia mediana e atriotomia subseptal clássica pode, em certos casos, resultar em má exposição da valva mitral. Incisões atriais alternativas otimizam a exposição da valva mitral mas podem interferir na atividade elétrica atrial pós-operatória. OBJETIVO: Padronizar método para investigar a atividade elétrica atrial para emprego em estudos comparativos de diferentes atriotomias em cardiopatas sumetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Análise com eletrocardiograma convencional e de 24 h (sistema Holter), pré e pós-operatória, e cardioestimulação epicárdica pós-operatória pelo método de Narula, em 10 pacientes submetidos à correção de valvopatias mitrais. RESULTADOS: No pré-op., os pacientes em ritmo sinusal apresentaram ectopias supraventriculares, com episódios de taquicardia supraventricular em 57% dos casos, "flutter" atrial em 10% e ritmo juncional em 10%. Todos apresentaram ectopias ventriculares, de baixa incidência em 70% dos casos, e taquicardia ventricular não sustentada foi detectada em 30% dos pacientes. No pós-operatório, houve 40% de novas arritmias supraventriculares (fibrilação atrial, ritmo juncional, ritmo atrial baixo e taquicardia supraventricular paroxística), mas não ocorreram arritmias ventriculares. No pós-op. a função do nó sinusal não se alterou, ocorreu redução significativa das ectopias supraventriculares, com reversão de FA para ritmo sinusal em 1 paciente, mas não houve redução significativa das ectopias ventriculares. O tempo de condução inter-atrial correlacionou-se com o tamanho do átrio esquerdo. CONCLUSÃO: A metodologia mostrou-se adequada e segura, e poderá ser empregada na comparação de diferentes incisões atriais para exposição valvar mitral.